# Sangsari language

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Semnani language spoken in northern Iran

Sangsari سنگسری‎, Sangesari Native to Semnan, Mazanderan, Tehran, Golestan & Markazi provinces of Iran Region Elburz Ethnicity Semnani Native speakers 43,000 (2021)[1] Language family Indo-European Indo-Iranian Iranian Western Iranian Northwestern Semnani Sangsari Writing system Persian alphabet Language codes ISO 639-3 sgr Glottolog sang1315 ELP Sangisari

**Sangsari** or **Sangisari** is an [Iranian language](/source/Iranian_language) spoken mainly in the [Semnan](/source/Semnan_province) and [Tehran](/source/Tehran_province) provinces of [Iran](/source/Iran), especially in the [Sangesar](/source/Mehdishahr) (Mahdi Shehr) town and in several surrounding villages. There are around 50,000 Sangsari speakers.[2]

## Classification

Ethnologue classifies Sangsari in the [*Semnani*](/source/Semnani_languages) group of [Northwestern Iranian languages](/source/Northwestern_Iranian_languages) that also includes [Lasgerdi](/source/Lasgerdi_language), [Semnani](/source/Semnani_language), and [Sorkhei](/source/Sorkhei_language).[3] [Glottolog](/source/Glottolog) classifies the Sangsari language within the *Komisenian* subgroup of the Northwest Iranian branch of the Iranian languages.[4] Glottolog's classification has also been adopted by [Wiktionary](/source/Wiktionary).[5] Whereas the Komisenian languages consist of Sangsari, [Lasgerdi](/source/Lasgerdi_language), [Sorkhei](/source/Sorkhei_language) and Aftari languages[6] the Semnani languages consist of [Semnani](/source/Semnani_language) and Biyabuneki.[7] Sangsari is also, linguistically, close to [Zaza](/source/Zaza_language), spoken in Anatolia.[8][9][10][11] [Jost Gippert](/source/Jost_Gippert) classifies Sangsari, [Zaza](/source/Zaza_language) and [Balochi](/source/Balochi_language) together within the *Hyrcanian* subgroup.[9]

## Phonology

The [vowels](/source/Vowels) of Sangsari are /a, aː, e, eː, i, o, oː, u, uː/. The [consonants](/source/Consonants) are the same as in [Persian](/source/Persian_language).[12]

## Grammar

Sangisari, similar to [Semnani](/source/Semnani_language), [Zaza](/source/Zaza_language) and [Tati](/source/Tati_language_(Iran)), has a two-gender, case and ergative system. It distinguishes two numbers in pronouns, singular and plural, and marks two cases, the direct (nominative) and the oblique and distinguishes between masculine and feminine in the third person singular for both the direct and oblique case.[13][14]

### Pronouns

English Sangsari Semnani Zaza Tati[a] Tati[b] Tati[c] Tati[d] Tati[e] i a a ez az az az az az you tö tö tı ta ta tö ta tə he nö u o o u a a av she nā una a oa ua ā aya ava we ham hamā mā amā ǰema čama amā âmâ you xā šemā šımā šomā šemā šəma šömā šâmâ they anun uni ê/inā o unehā āhā ay avə

## See also

- [Wiktionary: Swadesh list of Sangisari words](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Sangisari_Swadesh_list)

## notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Hazārrūdi

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** [Alviri-Vidari](/source/Alviri-Vidari_dialect)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Eštehārdi

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Cālī

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** Khalkhali

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-e26_1-0)** [Sangsari](https://www.ethnologue.com/language/sgr) at *[Ethnologue](/source/Ethnologue)* (26th ed., 2023)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [Ethnologue listing for Sangisari](http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sgr)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [Ethnologue listing of Semnani languages](http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=1712-16)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Glottolog 4.4 - Komisenian"](https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/komi1276).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Category:Komisenian languages - Wiktionary"](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Komisenian_languages). 19 April 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin (eds.). ["Komisenian"](http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/komi1276). *[Glottolog](/source/Glottolog)*. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin (eds.). ["Semnani-Biyabuneki"](http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/semn1249). *[Glottolog](/source/Glottolog)*. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Selcan, Zülfü (1998). *Grammatik der Zaza-Sprache, Nord-Dialekt (Dersim-Dialekt)*. Berlin: Wissenschaft und Technik Verlag. pp. 42, 50–52.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_9-1) ["Die iranischen Sprachen: Hyrkanische Gruppe"](https://www.zazaki.de/index.php/de/sprache/unsere-sprache/die-iranischen-sprachen). *Zazaki.de*. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2026.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Lecoq, P. (1989) *Le classement des langues irano-aryennes occidentales*, in: C.-H. de Fouchecour I Pb. Gignoux (Hg.), Etudes irano-aryennes offertes a Gilbert Lazard, Paris pp. 247-264.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Windfuhr, Gernot L. (1995). ["DIALECTOLOGY"](https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dialectology/). *Encyclopaedia Iranica*. **VII** (4): 362–370.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Lecoq, pg. 309.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Lecoq, Pierre (1989). "Les Dialectes Caspiens Et Les Dialectes Du Nord-ouest De L'iran". In Schmitt, Rüdiger (ed.). *Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum* (in French). Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. 301, 309, 314, 318. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [3-88226-413-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-88226-413-6).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** کلباسی, ایران (2005). ["ویژگی‌های شاخص گویش سمنانی"](https://lsi-linguistics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_1600_3c7cf84b9b63445692dc64f1dfe83466.pdf?lang=en) [The Main Characteristics of Semnani Dialect] (PDF). *Language and Linguistics*. **1** (2): 140.

Pierre Lecoq. 1989. "Les dialectes caspiens et les dialectes du nord-ouest de l'Iran," *Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum*. Ed. Rüdiger Schmitt. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. Pages 296–314.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Sangsari language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangsari_language) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangsari_language?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.