# Samuel Willenberg > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Samuel_Willenberg > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Samuel_Willenberg.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Willenberg > Source revision: 1345217473 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Polish survivor of Treblinka (1923–2016)}} {{Infobox artist | name = Samuel Willenberg | image = Samuel Willenberg Treblinka 2 sierpnia 2013.JPG | image_size = | alt = | caption = Samuel Willenberg at [Treblinka](/source/Treblinka),
2 August 2013 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1923|02|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [Częstochowa](/source/Cz%C4%99stochowa), [Kielce Voivodeship](/source/Kielce_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)) [Poland](/source/Second_Polish_Republic) | death_date = {{death date and age|2016|02|19|1923|02|16|df=y}} | death_place = [Udim](/source/Udim), [Israel](/source/Israel) | spouse = [Ada Willenberg](/source/Ada_Willenberg) (m. 1948) | field = [Holocaust art](/source/The_Holocaust_in_art_and_literature) | training = | movement = Realism, [post-expressionism](/source/post-expressionism) | works = | patrons = | awards = | elected = | website = | bgcolour = }} '''Samuel Willenberg''', ''[nom de guerre](/source/nom_de_guerre)'' '''Igo''' (16 February 1923 – 19 February 2016), was a Polish-born Jewish Holocaust survivor, artist, and writer. He was a ''[Sonderkommando](/source/Sonderkommando)''{{Cite web |title=Samuel Willenberg. A Hero, Last Witness of history, and our dear Friend passed away |url=https://www.jhi.pl/en/articles/samuel-willenberg-hero-witness-passed-away,258 |access-date=March 24, 2026 |website=Jewish Historical Institute}} at the [Treblinka extermination camp](/source/Treblinka_extermination_camp) and participated in the unit's planned revolt in August 1943. While 300 escaped, about 79 were known to survive the war. Willenberg reached Warsaw where, before war's end, he took part in the [Warsaw Uprising](/source/Warsaw_Uprising). At his death, Willenberg was the last survivor of the August 1943 Treblinka prisoners' revolt. Like many other survivors, Willenberg emigrated to [Israel](/source/Israel). He received [Poland's highest orders](/source/Order_(honour)), including the ''[Virtuti Militari](/source/Virtuti_Militari)'' and the Commander's Cross of the [Order of Merit](/source/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Republic_of_Poland), awarded by President [Lech Kaczyński](/source/Lech_Kaczy%C5%84ski). His [memoir](/source/memoir), ''Revolt in Treblinka'', was published between 1986 and 1991 in [Hebrew](/source/Hebrew), [Polish](/source/Polish_language), and English. He was a sculptor and painter. ==Life and work== Samuel Willenberg was born in [Częstochowa](/source/Cz%C4%99stochowa), Poland. His father, Perec Willenberg, was a teacher at a local Jewish school before [World War II](/source/World_War_II), a talented painter and visual artist. He also earned money decorating synagogues. His mother, Maniefa Popow, was a [Polish](/source/Poland)-[Orthodox Christian](/source/Russian_Orthodox_Church) who [converted](/source/Conversion_to_Judaism) to Judaism after their wedding. The family lived in Częstochowa before relocating to [Warsaw](/source/Warsaw).{{cite web | url=http://www.culture.pl/kalendarz-pelna-tresc/-/eo_event_asset_publisher/L6vx/content/treblinka-rzezby-wieznia-samuela-willenberga# | title=Treblinka. Rzeźby więźnia Samuela Willenberga | publisher=[Adam Mickiewicz Institute](/source/Adam_Mickiewicz_Institute) | work=Multimedia | date=April 23, 2003 | access-date=29 August 2013 | author=Culture.pl |trans-title=Sculpture by prisoner Samuel Willenberg}}{{cite web | url=http://www.1944.pl/historia/powstancze-biogramy/Samuel_Willenberg | title=Samuel Willenberg | publisher=Muzeum Powstania Warszawskiego | work=Powstańcze biogramy | year=2013 | access-date=29 August 2013 | author=M.P.W.}} ===Nazi invasion of Poland=== In the course of the Nazi German [invasion of Poland](/source/invasion_of_Poland), on 6 September 1939 the 16-year-old Willenberg set off in the direction of [Lublin](/source/Lublin) to join the [Polish Army](/source/Polish_Army) as a volunteer. Within days, the Soviets invaded from the east. He was severely wounded on 25 September in a skirmish with the [Red Army](/source/Red_Army) near [Chełm](/source/Che%C5%82m), and captured.{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TVNJAAAAIAAJ&q=1939 | title=Bunt w Treblince (Revolt in Treblinka) | publisher=Res Publica | author=Samuel Willenberg | year=1991 | location=Biblioteka "Więzi" Volume 163, Warsaw | isbn=8370461921 | format=Google Books}} Three months later, he escaped from the hospital back to central Poland to reconnect with his family in Radość (now a part of [Warsaw](/source/Warsaw)). With his mother and two sisters, in early 1940 they went to [Opatów](/source/Opat%C3%B3w), where his father was working on murals for the [synagogue](/source/synagogue). But at this time, the Nazis began [herding Polish Jews into ghettos](/source/Jewish_ghettos_in_German-occupied_Poland) all across the country. The [Opatów Ghetto](/source/Opat%C3%B3w_Ghetto) was established in the spring of 1941, originally without a fence.{{cite web | url=http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/article/opatow/5,history/ | title=Jewish History of Opatów. Part 1 to 5 | publisher=Museum of the History of Polish Jews | work=[Virtual Shtetl](/source/Virtual_Shtetl) | access-date=August 29, 2013 | language=pl}} It quickly became hazardous.{{cite web | url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0015_0_15118.html | title=Opatów; Yidish: Apta, אַפטאַ | publisher=Jewish Virtual Library | work=Holocaust Period | year=2008 | access-date=29 August 2013 | author=Encyclopaedia Judaica}} The Jews deported from Silesia were brought there, and an epidemic of [typhus](/source/typhus) broke out, due to overcrowding and poor sanitation. Willenberg traded his father's paintings for food and other necessities, but also worked at a steel mill in [Starachowice](/source/Starachowice) for several months, along with hundreds of forced laborers supplied by the [Judenrat](/source/Judenrat).{{cite book | url=http://www.zydziwpolsce.edu.pl/biblioteka/co_nowego/r_k002.pdf | title=Samuel Willenberg, Bunt w Treblince (Revolt in Treblinka) | publisher=Biblioteka "Więzi" | author=Robert Szuchta | others=Andrzej Żbikowski, ''Posłowie'' | year=2004 | location=Warsaw | page=176 | isbn=83-88032-74-7 | format=PDF file, direct download 107 KB}} In 1942, the Nazis began their secretive [Operation Reinhard](/source/Operation_Reinhard) — a planned extermination action of Jews in the semi-colonial [General Government](/source/General_Government) district — marking the most deadly phase of [the Holocaust in Poland](/source/the_Holocaust_in_Poland). The Willenbergs managed to obtain false "Aryan" papers, and escaped back to their hometown. The [Ghetto in Częstochowa](/source/Cz%C4%99stochowa_Ghetto) was set up on 9 April 1941. At its peak, it held around 40,000 prisoners.{{cite encyclopedia | url=http://www.deathcamps.org/occupation/czestochowa%20ghetto.html | title=Czestochowa Ghetto | publisher=ARC | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of the Holocaust | date=3 September 2006 | access-date=29 August 2013 | author=Various authors}} Willenberg's two sisters, Ita and Tamara, were transported there. His mother tried to rescue them and sent Willenberg back to [Opatów](/source/Opat%C3%B3w). But on 20 October 1942 Willenberg was forced to board a [Holocaust train](/source/Holocaust_train) along with 6,500 inmates of the then-liquidated Opatów ghetto, and was sent with them to the [extermination camp](/source/extermination_camp) at [Treblinka](/source/Treblinka).The statistical data compiled on the basis of [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/selectcity/ "Glossary of 2,077 Jewish towns in Poland"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208215116/http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/selectcity/ |date=2016-02-08 }} by ''[Virtual Shtetl](/source/Virtual_Shtetl)'' [Museum of the History of the Polish Jews](/source/Museum_of_the_History_of_the_Polish_Jews)  {{in lang|en}}, as well as [http://www.izrael.badacz.org/historia/szoa_getto.html "Getta Żydowskie," by ''Gedeon''],  {{in lang|pl}} and "Ghetto List" by Michael Peters at www.deathcamps.org  {{in lang|en}}. {{nobreak|Accessed August 29, 2013.}}{{cite web | url=http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/article/czestochowa/5,history/action=view&page=4 | title=Częstochowa ghetto | work=History | publisher=[Virtual Shtetl](/source/Virtual_Shtetl) [Museum of the History of Polish Jews](/source/Museum_of_the_History_of_Polish_Jews) | access-date=August 29, 2013 | page=4}} ===Treblinka death camp=== thumb|360px|left|Willenberg with his Treblinka studies at the Treblinka Museum permanent exhibition The camp, which was built as part of [Operation Reinhard](/source/Operation_Reinhard) (the most deadly phase of the [Final Solution](/source/Final_Solution)), operated between {{Dts|1942|July|23|format=dmy}} and {{Dts|1943|October|19|format=dmy}}.[https://archive.today/20120802173522/http://www.holocaustresearchproject.net/ar/treblinkadaytoday.html archive][http://www.holocaustresearchproject.net/ar/treblinkadaytoday.html Treblinka Death Camp Day-by-Day] Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, H.E.A.R.T. Retrieved August 11, 2013. During this time, more than 800,000 [Jews](/source/Jews)—men, women, and children—were murdered there.{{cite web | url=http://www.treblinka.bho.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=201&Itemid=127 | title=The number of victims | publisher=Muzeum Treblinka | work=Extermination Camp | date=4 February 2010 | access-date=25 August 2013 | author=Staff writer}}{{cite book | last1 = Niewyk | first1 = Donald L. | last2 = Nicosia | first2 = Francis R. | title = The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust | year = 2000 | publisher = Columbia University Press | isbn = 0-231-11200-9 | page = [https://archive.org/details/columbiaguidetot00niew/page/210 210] | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/columbiaguidetot00niew/page/210 }} Other estimates of the number killed at [Treblinka](/source/Treblinka) exceed 1,000,000.Donat, Alexander, ed. ''The Death Camp Treblinka: A Documentary.'' New York: Holocaust Library, 1979. LOC 79-53471[Franciszek Ząbecki](/source/Franciszek_Z%C4%85becki), ''Wspomnienia dawne i nowe'', [PAX Association](/source/PAX_Association) Publishing, Warsaw 1977. {{in lang|pl}} Upon his arrival at Treblinka, Willenberg received a life-saving piece of advice at the unloading ramp, from one of the Jewish ''Auffanglager'' prisoners.{{cite book | url=http://echomatkibozejniepokalaniepoczetej.com/embnp/pages/assets/files/2011-09/dam_ime_na_wieki.pdf | title=Treblinka II – Obóz zagłady | publisher=Drohiczyńskie Towarzystwo Naukowe | work=Dam im imię na wieki (I will give them an everlasting name. Isaiah 56:5) | year=2011 | access-date=15 August 2013 | author=[Edward Kopówka](/source/Edward_Kop%C3%B3wka), Paweł Rytel-Andrianik | pages=74, 77–82, 97–99 | isbn=978-83-7257-496-1 | format=PDF file, direct download 15.1 MB | trans-title=Treblinka II – Death camp | language=pl | archive-date=10 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010231757/http://echomatkibozejniepokalaniepoczetej.com/embnp/pages/assets/files/2011-09/dam_ime_na_wieki.pdf | url-status=dead }} He posed as a seasoned bricklayer to show he could work. Luckily, he was wearing a paint-stained [smock-frock](/source/smock-frock) of his father's (an outer garment traditionally worn by rural workers), donned in Opatów in preparation for slave labor. Willenberg was the only person from his transport of 6,000 persons who escaped death in the [gas chamber](/source/gas_chamber)s that day.{{cite news|url=https://www.sajr.co.za/news-and-articles/2016/02/24/moving-eulogy-for-holocaust-survivor-willenberg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028135615/https://www.sajr.co.za/news-and-articles/2016/02/24/moving-eulogy-for-holocaust-survivor-willenberg|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 28, 2020|title=Moving eulogy for Holocaust survivor Willenberg|work=South African Jewish Report|date=24 February 2016|access-date=12 August 2020}} At first, he was assigned to the camp's largest ''Kommando Rot'', unpacking and sorting the belongings of victims already "processed". He later recognized the clothes of his own two sisters there, confirming they had been killed. With time, he was assigned to other squads as number "937" in the ''[Sonderkommando](/source/Sonderkommando).'' Among their tasks was weaving tree branches into the {{nobreak|barbed-wire}} fences in order to hide the grounds, buildings and lines of prisoners.{{Cite web |title=Samuel Willenberg. A Hero, Last Witness of history, and our dear Friend passed away |url=https://www.jhi.pl/en/articles/samuel-willenberg-hero-witness-passed-away,258 |access-date=March 24, 2026 |website=Jewish Historical Institute}} On 2 August 1943 Willenberg participated in the revolt of Sonderkommandos at Treblinka with about 200–300 others.''Holocaust Encyclopedia'' (June 10, 2013), [http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007257 Treblinka: Chronology] United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved August 12, 2013. Unlike most of them, he escaped. Wounded in the leg, he journeyed back to Warsaw, where he managed to find his father, who was hiding on the "Aryan" side of the city. Willenberg became involved in the [underground resistance](/source/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II), including acquiring weapons for the left-wing partisan [Polish People's Army PAL](/source/Polish_People's_Army_PAL) (''Polska Armia Ludowa PAL''). He used his mother's maiden name, Ignacy Popow. He was hiding at a safe-house on Natolińska street, when the [Warsaw Uprising](/source/Warsaw_Uprising) erupted. In his memoir, ''Revolt in Treblinka'', Willenberg wrote that on the first day of the Uprising he joined ''Batalion Ruczaj'' of the [Armia Krajowa](/source/Armia_Krajowa) [Sub-district I](/source/Sub-district_I_of_%C5%9Ar%C3%B3dmie%C5%9Bcie_(of_Armia_Krajowa)). He fought in [Śródmieście](/source/%C5%9Ar%C3%B3dmie%C5%9Bcie%2C_Warsaw) along [Marszałkowska Street](/source/Marsza%C5%82kowska_Street%2C_Warsaw) and [Savior Square](/source/Savior_Square).{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} At the beginning of September 1944, he transferred to the Polish People's Army with the rank of [cadet sergeant](/source/cadet_sergeant). After the surrender of Warsaw, he left the city with the civilian population. He escaped from the prisoner train in [Pruszków](/source/Pruszk%C3%B3w) and hid in the vicinity of Błonie until the Soviet liberation. ===Postwar years=== In 1945–1946, Willenberg served in the [Polish Army](/source/Polish_Army) as a [lieutenant](/source/lieutenant). In 1947, he helped one of the Jewish organizations in Poland find Jewish children who had been taken in and rescued from [the Holocaust](/source/the_Holocaust) by [Polish Gentile families](/source/Rescue_of_Jews_by_Poles_during_the_Holocaust). He married [Ada Willenberg](/source/Ada_Willenberg) (née Lubelczyk), who had escaped from the Warsaw Ghetto by climbing over a wall.{{cite web | url = http://www.ort.edu.uy/despitetreblinka/protagonists.html | title = Protagonists - Despite Treblinka | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070220160332/http://www.ort.edu.uy/despitetreblinka/protagonists.html | archive-date = 2007-02-20 | url-status = dead | publisher = ORT Uruguay | access-date = 2025-02-20 }} In 1950, during the peak years of [Stalinism in Poland](/source/Stalinism_in_Poland), Willenberg emigrated to [Israel](/source/Israel) with his wife and mother. Willenberg took up training as an engineer surveyor and obtained a long-term position of Chief Measurer at the Ministry of Reconstruction. He and his wife had a daughter, Orit, together. After retiring, Willenberg completed formal studies in the field of fine arts. He graduated in sculpture at [The Hebrew University of Jerusalem](/source/The_Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem) and quickly became known for his work on the Holocaust. He created mainly figurative sculpture in clay and bronze. His series of fifteen bronze casts depicting people and scenes from the Treblinka death camp, as well as several maps and drawings of the camp, were exhibited internationally. Since 1983, he was the co-organizer of regular visits of Israeli youth to Poland, known as the [March of the Living](/source/March_of_the_Living). In 2003, the Warsaw National Gallery of Art ''[Zachęta](/source/Zach%C4%99ta)'' held an exhibition of his work. His sculpture was also shown at the Museum of Częstochowa in 2004. He created the Holocaust monument to the 40,000 victims of the [Częstochowa Ghetto](/source/Cz%C4%99stochowa_Ghetto), which was unveiled there in October 2009. Willenberg first published his [memoir](/source/memoir) ''Revolt in Treblinka'' in 1986. (The English translation by Naftali Greenwood, was published by Oxford University Press, 1989),{{cite book |title=Revolt in Treblinka |first=Samuel |last=Willenberg |publisher=[Zydowski Instytut Historyczny](/source/Zydowski_Instytut_Historyczny) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5mbZAAAAMAAJ |year=1992 |isbn=9788390010854 |at=227 pages |oclc=18624914}}. It was also published as ''Surviving Treblinka'', Blackwell, {{ISBN|0631162615}} which he later published in Poland with the preface by [Władysław Bartoszewski](/source/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Bartoszewski) (1991 and 2004).{{cite web | url=https://www.google.ca/search?q=Samuel+Willenberg&btnG=Search+Books&tbm=bks&tbo=1&authuser=0#authuser=0&q=inauthor:%22Samuel+Willenberg%22&tbm=bks | title=In author: "Samuel Willenberg" | year=2013 | access-date=29 August 2013}} On 19 February 2016, Willenberg died in Israel, the last survivor of the Treblinka revolt. He was survived by his wife, Ada, their daughter Orit Willenberg-Giladi, and three grandchildren. An architect, Willenberg-Giladi designed the Israeli embassy in [Berlin](/source/Berlin) after unification; it was completed in 2001. In 2013 she was selected as the architect to design a Holocaust education center on the site of Treblinka.{{cite news|last1=Miller|first1=Sara|title=Samuel Willenberg, the last surviving Treblinka prisoner, dies at 93|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/samuel-willenberg-last-surviving-treblinka-prisoner-dies-at-93/|access-date=February 20, 2016|agency=Times of Israel|date=February 20, 2016}} ==Legacy and honors== *Willenberg was eulogized after his death by Israeli President [Reuven Rivlin](/source/Reuven_Rivlin). *Willenberg received the highest national honors of the Republic of Poland, including [Virtuti Militari](/source/Virtuti_Militari), the [Cross of Merit with Swords](/source/Cross_of_Merit_with_Swords_(Poland)), the [Cross of Valor](/source/Cross_of_Valor_(Poland)), [Warsaw Cross of the Uprising](/source/Warsaw_Cross_of_the_Uprising), the [Polish Army Medal](/source/Polish_Army_Medal), and the [Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland](/source/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Republic_of_Poland), which was bestowed upon him by President [Lech Kaczyński](/source/Lech_Kaczy%C5%84ski).{{cite web | url=http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WMP20080840744 | title=Internetowy System Aktow Prawnych, M.P. 2008 nr 84 poz. 744 | publisher=Kancelaria Sejmu RP | work=Postanowienie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej | access-date=29 August 2013}} Willenberg was the final survivor of the 1943 Treblinka prisoner uprising,{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-23557979 | title=Treblinka survivor recalls suffering and resistance | work=BBC News | date=4 August 2013 | access-date=1 September 2013 | author=Adam Easton}} after the death of his lifelong friend and Treblinka survivor [Kalman Taigman](/source/Kalman_Taigman) in August 2012 (age 88).{{cite web | url=http://izrael.org.il/news/2538.html | title=Kalman Taigman, ocalały z Treblinki, nie żyje | publisher=Erec Israel | work=Translation from Hebrew, MAARIV Daily, August 8, 2012 | date=August 13, 2012 | access-date=5 September 2013 | author=MAARIV | language=pl | archive-date=October 20, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020032653/http://izrael.org.il/news/2538.html | url-status=dead }} ==Documentary== *Willenberg is the subject and a leading figure in the documentary film by Michał Nekanda-Trepka, with music by [Zygmunt Konieczny](/source/Zygmunt_Konieczny), titled ''The Last Witness'' (''Ostatni świadek'', 2002). It was produced by Studio Filmowe Everest for [TVP 2](/source/TVP_2). It tells the story of the Treblinka extermination camp and the 1943 rebellion by prisoners, including his friend Kalman Taigman.{{cite web | url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/real-life-stories/death-camp-treblinka-survivors-stories-1248242 | title=Last survivors of the 'forgotten' death factory | publisher=Mirror News Online | work=Death Camp Treblinka Survivors' Stories: Samuel Willenberg and Kalman Taigman | date=11 Aug 2012 | access-date=1 September 2013 | author=Matt Roper}} The film was awarded a silver medal at the international documentary film competition in [Stockholm](/source/Stockholm) in 2002.{{cite web | url=http://www.culture.pl/baza-film-pelna-tresc/-/eo_event_asset_publisher/eAN5/content/ostatni-swiadek | title=Ostatni świadek | publisher=Adam Mickiewicz Institute | work=Multimedia | date=June 2003 | access-date=29 August 2013 | author=Jan Strękowski}} *Willenberg and Taigman appeared in two other documentaries about Treblinka: A Uruguayan documentary, ''Despite Treblinka'' (2002), also included [Chil Rajchman](/source/Chil_Rajchman), a revolt survivor who had settled in [Montevideo](/source/Montevideo) after the war. Willenberg and Taigman were interviewed and filmed in Israel. *BBC Four produced ''Death Camp Treblinka: Survivor Stories'' (2012, original title), written by Adam Kemp. It featured Willenberg and Taigman as revolt survivors and was aired the same year in the United States as ''Treblinka's Last Witness.''{{cite web|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01m1l9w|title=Death Camp Treblinka: Survivor Stories|publisher=BBC|date=2012|access-date=12 August 2020}} ==See also== {{Commons category|Samuel Willenberg}} * [Jankiel Wiernik](/source/Jankiel_Wiernik), Treblinka survivor, author of the 1944 memoir: ''A Year in Treblinka'' (''Rok w Treblince'') * [Chil Rajchman](/source/Chil_Rajchman), Treblinka revolt survivor, author of a 1945 memoir ''The Last Jew of Treblinka'' *[Kalman Taigman](/source/Kalman_Taigman), Treblinka revolt survivor ==Footnotes== {{Reflist|30em}} ==References== *Michał Grynberg, Maria Kotowska, ''Życie i zagłada Żydów polskich 1939–1945'' (The Life and extermination of Polish Jewry 1939–1945). Warsaw, Oficyna Naukowa 2003, p. 202. {{ISBN|83-88164-65-1}}. *Samuel Willenberg, ''Bunt w Treblince'' (Revolt in Treblinka). Warsaw, Biblioteka "Więzi" 2004, pp. 9–150. {{ISBN|83-88032-74-7}}. *Patrycja Bukalska, "Piekło płonie" (The Hell burns) in: ''[Tygodnik Powszechny](/source/Tygodnik_Powszechny)'' [on-line]. ''Tygodnik.onet.pl'', 16/2013 (Special). Accessed August 29, 2013. *[Barbara Engelking](/source/Barbara_Engelking), Dariusz Libionka, ''Żydzi w powstańczej Warszawie'' (Jews in the Warsaw Uprising). Warsaw, Stowarzyszenie Centrum nad Zagładą Żydów (Center for Holocaust Association) 2009, pp. 75–155. {{ISBN|978-83-926831-1-7}}. ==External links== * [https://www.yadvashem.org/articles/interviews/willenberg.html Interview with Samuel Willenberg, Survivor of the Treblinka Death Camp], [Yad Vashem](/source/Yad_Vashem) website {{Sonderkommando}} {{Treblinka extermination camp}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Willenberg, Samuel}} Category:1923 births Category:2016 deaths Category:People from Częstochowa Category:Commanders of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland Category:Israeli painters Category:Israeli sculptors Category:Israeli people of Polish-Jewish descent Category:Opatów Ghetto inmates Category:Polish emigrants to Israel Category:Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland) Category:Treblinka extermination camp survivors Category:Jewish resistance members during the Holocaust Category:Warsaw Uprising insurgents Category:Sonderkommando Category:20th-century Polish sculptors --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Samuel Willenberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Willenberg) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Willenberg?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.