# Samuel Hoar

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American politician

Not to be confused with [Samuel Hoare](/source/Samuel_Hoare_(disambiguation)).

Samuel Hoar Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 4th district In office March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837 Preceded by Edward Everett Succeeded by William Parmenter Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives In office 1850 Member of the Massachusetts Senate In office 1826 1832 1833 Personal details Born (1778-05-18)May 18, 1778 Lincoln, Massachusetts, U.S. Died November 2, 1856(1856-11-02) (aged 78) Concord, Massachusetts, U.S. Party Anti-Jacksonian Free Soil Republican Alma mater Harvard College

**Samuel Hoar** (May 18, 1778 – November 2, 1856) was an American [lawyer](/source/Lawyer) and [politician](/source/Politician). A member of a prominent political family in Massachusetts, he was a leading 19th century lawyer of that state. He was associated with the [Federalist Party](/source/Federalist_Party) until its decline after the War of 1812. Over his career, Hoar developed a reputation as a prominent Massachusetts anti-slavery politician and spokesperson. He became a leading member of the Massachusetts [Whig Party](/source/Whig_Party_(United_States)), a leading and founding member of the Massachusetts [Free Soil Party](/source/Free_Soil_Party), and a founding member and chair of the committee that organized the founding convention for the [Massachusetts Republican Party](/source/Massachusetts_Republican_Party) in 1854.

Hoar may be best known in American history for his 1844 trip to [Charleston, South Carolina](/source/Charleston%2C_South_Carolina) as an appointed Commissioner of the state of [Massachusetts](/source/Massachusetts). He went to South Carolina to investigate and contest the laws of that state, which allowed the seizure of sailors who were free African Americans (often who were citizens of Massachusetts) and placed into bondage, if such sailors disembarked from their ship. Hoar was prevented from undertaking his appointed tasks by resolutions of the legislature and efforts of the governor of South Carolina, and was escorted back onto a ship by Charleston citizens fearing mob violence against the agent from Massachusetts. News of the thwarting of Hoar inspired anti-slavery political reaction in Massachusetts.

## Early life

Hoar was a born in the town of [Lincoln, Massachusetts](/source/Lincoln%2C_Massachusetts), and as an adult lived in neighboring [Concord, Massachusetts](/source/Concord%2C_Massachusetts). He graduated from [Harvard College](/source/Harvard_University) in 1802, and was admitted to the bar in 1805. On October 13, 1812, he married Sarah Sherman (1785–1862) of [New Haven, Connecticut](/source/New_Haven%2C_Connecticut). Sarah was the youngest child of [Roger Sherman](/source/Roger_Sherman) and his second wife, [Rebecca Minot Prescott](/source/Rebecca_Minot_Prescott). Roger Sherman was a signer of the [United States Declaration of Independence](/source/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence) and the [Constitution](/source/United_States_Constitution).

## Political and legal career

Hoar was delegate to the Massachusetts constitutional convention in 1820. He was elected a Fellow of the [American Academy of Arts and Sciences](/source/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences) in 1824.[1] Hoar served in the State senate in 1826, 1832, and 1833. Elected as an Anti-Jacksonian candidate to the Twenty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837), he was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1836 to the Twenty-fifth Congress.[2] He was a Massachusetts delegate to the 1839 Whig national party convention.[3] Hoar was an expert on the laws pertaining to waterways, canals and maritime commerce.[4]

### Massachusetts commissioner to South Carolina, 1844

There was an ongoing constitutional and legal conflict between the state of [Massachusetts](/source/Massachusetts) and the states of [South Carolina](/source/South_Carolina) and [Louisiana](/source/Louisiana) regarding the seizure of Massachusetts citizens. South Carolina had enacted laws prohibiting the emancipation of slaves, or the entry into the state of free [African Americans](/source/African_American). South Carolina agents would arrest free African American seamen from Massachusetts, members of the crew aboard ships that arrived at South Carolina [sea ports](/source/Sea_port); if the arrestee or the captain of the ship failed to pay fines for the criminal entry into the state, the arrestee would be sold into [slavery](/source/Slavery) to pay the fines.

In 1844 the Massachusetts legislature authorized the governor to appoint a Commissioner to reside in Charleston, South Carolina and New Orleans, Louisiana, to collect information as to the number from Massachusetts citizens unlawfully seized in those cities, and to prosecute some of the suits before higher courts for the purpose of testing the constitutionality of the laws under which the forcible seizures were being made. In 1844, Massachusetts governor [George N. Briggs](/source/George_N._Briggs) (Whig party) appointed Hoar commissioner to South Carolina.[5]

Upon receipt of the letter from Massachusetts Governor Briggs announcing Hoar's appointment, South Carolina Governor [James H. Hammond](/source/James_H._Hammond) promptly placed it before the South Carolina legislature, which issued several resolves, declaring the right of South Carolina to exclude its borders all persons whose presence might be considered dangerous; denying that free Negroes were citizens of the United States, and for the Massachusetts commissioner:[5]

That his excellency, the governor, be directed to expel from our territory the said agent, after due notice to depart; and that the legislature will sustain the executive authority in any measures that may be adopted for the purpose aforesaid.

The effective result was that Hoar was prevented from appearing before that state's courts to test the law. On his arrival, with daughter Elizabeth Sherman Hoar, in Charleston, December 1844, local citizens warned Hoar to leave town. Local leading citizens secretly escorted the Hoars out of their hotel, to a ship, in advance of feared mob violence.[4] When news of this incident reached Massachusetts it aroused much ire, contributing to a developing sentiment in Massachusetts against slavery and in favor of [abolitionism](/source/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States).[2][6]

Hoar in his report as Massachusetts commissioner stated:[5]

Has the Constitution of the United States the least practical validity or binding force in South Carolina? She prohibits, not only by lower mobs, but by her legislature, the residence of a free white citizen of Massachusetts within the limits of South Carolina whenever she thinks his presence there inconsistent with her policy. Are the other States of the Union to be regarded as the conquered provinces of South Carolina?

### Free Soil Party

Hoar was elected to the [Massachusetts Governor's Council](/source/Massachusetts_Governor's_Council) in 1845. In 1848 Hoar chaired the Massachusetts [Free Soil Party](/source/Free_Soil_Party) Convention in Worcester, and was elected to the [Massachusetts House of Representatives](/source/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives) in 1850, at the age of 72.[4]

### Republican Party

In 1854, he chaired a committee which issued an announcement, summoning leading anti-slavery politicians and citizens to a meeting at the [American House](/source/American_House_(Boston)) in Boston (July 7, 1854), to discuss the potential formation of a new party and to organize a state convention. Anger over the [Kansas-Nebraska Act](/source/Kansas-Nebraska_Act), and the issue of slavery in Federal territories were motivating factors leading to the subsequent convention in Worcester. The mass convention of 2,500 people, held in open air on the common in [Worcester](/source/Worcester%2C_Massachusetts), September 7, 1854, founded the [Massachusetts Republican Party](/source/Massachusetts_Republican_Party), principally from members of the Massachusetts Free Soil Party, with a few Whig Party, and anti-slavery Democrats.[7] The Massachusetts Free Soil Party in its [Springfield](/source/Springfield%2C_Massachusetts) convention, on October 17, 1854, voted to adopt the Republican candidates, and to merge into the new Republican organization.[8]

In 1855, at the age of 77, Hoar was appointed chair of a Massachusetts Republican committee to organize mass assemblage or convention, to consider and promote actions might be taken by Massachusetts citizens against the pro-slavery violence in the recent Kansas elections (subsequently known as [Bleeding Kansas](/source/Bleeding_Kansas)), with the intent of unifying with all anti-slavery citizens of Massachusetts in national anti-slavery efforts[9]

## Leading citizen of Concord

Hoar was a co-founder of the first Concord Academy, which had a 41-year existence (1822–1863).[10]

## Hoar family

Sarah Sherman Hoar

Samuel and Sarah Hoar had five surviving children (of six offspring); several led influential or prominent lives.

- Elizabeth Sherman Hoar (July 14, 1814 – April 7, 1878) was engaged to Charles Chauncy Emerson (1808–1836), youngest brother of [Ralph Waldo Emerson](/source/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson) and young law partner of Samuel Hoar; Charles died of tuberculosis before they could marry, and she never married. She was an intimate of the Emerson, Hawthorne and Thoreau families.[11] R.W. Emerson invited Elizabeth into the [Transcendentalist](/source/Transcendentalist) community, and she aided in producing their journal, *[The Dial](/source/The_Dial)*.[4]

- [Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar](/source/Ebenezer_Rockwood_Hoar) (1816–1895) (Harvard class of 1835) was Associate Justice of the [Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court](/source/Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court), and [US Attorney General](/source/United_States_Attorney_General) for President [Ulysses Grant](/source/Ulysses_Grant); later nominated to the [U.S. Supreme Court](/source/United_States_Supreme_Court) by Grant, but the nomination was not approved by the Senate; he married Caroline Brooks of Concord.

- Sarah Sherman Hoar (1817–1907) married Robert Boyd Storer (1796–1870), a [Boston, Massachusetts](/source/Boston%2C_Massachusetts) importer trading with Russia, and Russian Consul at Boston.[12][13]

- Samuel Johnson Hoar (February 4, 1820 – January 10, 1821), died in infancy.[14]

- Edward Sherman Hoar (1823–1893) (Harvard class of 1844), married childhood neighbor Elizabeth Hallet Prichard of Concord,[15] and was an intimate of [Henry David Thoreau](/source/Henry_David_Thoreau) (the Thoreau family lived across Main Street from the Hoars, in several different houses over the years). Edward with H.D. Thoreau accidentally allowed a cooking fire to get out of control, and caused more than 100 acres (400,000 m2) of forest to burn on April 30, 1844, along the [Sudbury River](/source/Sudbury_River) in the Fairhaven Bay section of Concord. Edward accompanied Thoreau on some of Thoreau's hiking and canoeing excursions.[16][17][18][19] Edward Sherman was a California state district attorney for the fourth judicial district in 1850. He returned to Massachusetts in 1857.[20] His extensive collection of pressed plants collected mostly from Concord, Massachusetts, including a significant number of specimens that Thoreau left to him, were donated by his daughter in 1912 to the New England Botanical Club herbarium housed at Harvard University.[21]

- [George Frisbie Hoar](/source/George_Frisbie_Hoar) (1826–1904) (Harvard class of 1845) moved to [Worcester, Massachusetts](/source/Worcester%2C_Massachusetts) as a young adult, and became a prominent [U.S. Senator](/source/United_States_Senator) representing Massachusetts for 27 years, from 1877 until his death.

## Other Hoar family members named Samuel Hoar

The Hoar family, a prominent political family in Massachusetts, has had a number of individuals named Samuel Hoar since the 18th century:

- His father, [Samuel Hoar (1743–1832)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Hoar_(1743%E2%80%931832)&action=edit&redlink=1), was a lieutenant of the [Lincoln, Massachusetts](/source/Lincoln%2C_Massachusetts) company at the Concord battle on April 19, 1775. For many years a member of the Massachusetts General Court as a representative and senator, and a member in the 1820–1821 Massachusetts Constitutional Convention.[22]

- Son, Samuel Johnson Hoar (February 4, 1820 – January 10, 1821) died in infancy[14] - [Samuel Hoar (1845–1904)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Hoar_(1845%E2%80%931904)&action=edit&redlink=1), son of [Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar](/source/Ebenezer_Rockwood_Hoar), was editor of the *American Law Review* from 1873 to 1879. In 1887 he became general counsel for the Boston and Albany Railroad Company.[23] - His son, [Samuel Hoar (1887–1952)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Hoar_(1887%E2%80%931952)&action=edit&redlink=1), was a partner in a prominent Boston law firm, called during his lifetime [Goodwin, Procter and Hoar](/source/Goodwin_Procter). The firm was founded in 1914, and Hoar's name was added in 1917 when Hoar joined the firm.[24] In the 1940s he donated several parcels of land to the federal government, which became the founding kernel of the [Great Meadows National Wildlife Refuge](/source/Great_Meadows_National_Wildlife_Refuge) on the Concord and Sudbury rivers in Massachusetts. He co-founded a second and still operating [Concord Academy](/source/Concord_Academy) in 1922 in Concord, Massachusetts.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] - His son, [Samuel Hoar (1927–2004)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Hoar_(1927%E2%80%932004)&action=edit&redlink=1), of [Essex, Massachusetts](/source/Essex%2C_Massachusetts), also was a senior partner in the firm formerly known as [Goodwin, Procter and Hoar](/source/Goodwin_Procter).[24][25] As board member of the [Conservation Law Foundation](/source/Conservation_Law_Foundation) (CLF), he was a leading member of the litigation team that compelled the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to comply with federal environmental law, and build appropriate facilities to properly treat sewage discharged into Boston harbor, a legal battle that was most intense from 1983 into the 1990s.[26] - His son, Samuel Hoar (born 1955), is a lawyer practicing in [Burlington, Vermont](/source/Burlington%2C_Vermont). He served as president of the Vermont Bar Association in 2006 and 2007.[27] - His son Samuel Rockwood Hoar (born 1988) is a graduate of the [Middlesex School](/source/Middlesex_School) in Concord, Massachusetts and a graduate in the class of 2011 of Vermont's [Middlebury College](/source/Middlebury_College).[28][29]

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-AAAS_1-0)** ["Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter H"](http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterH.pdf) (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved September 8, 2016.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-S.Hoar-Bio_Dir_of_US_Congress_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-S.Hoar-Bio_Dir_of_US_Congress_2-1) [HOAR, Samuel, (1778 - 1856)](http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000656) *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress: 1774 - Present.* Retrieved January 20, 2004.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [Hoar family of Massachusetts](http://politicalgraveyard.com/families/1727.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20061216003241/http://politicalgraveyard.com/families/1727.html) 2006-12-16 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) Political Graveyard. Retrieved October 14, 2007.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Robbins-UUHS-Hoar_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Robbins-UUHS-Hoar_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Robbins-UUHS-Hoar_4-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Robbins-UUHS-Hoar_4-3) Robbins, Paula [The Hoar Family](http://www.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/hoarfamily.html) *Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography.* Unitarian Universalist Historical Society. Retrieved January 30, 2007.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Flower-History_Republican_Party-1884_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Flower-History_Republican_Party-1884_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Flower-History_Republican_Party-1884_5-2) Flower, Frank A. (1884). [*History of the Republican Party, Embracing its Origin Growth and Mission: Together with Appendices of Statistics and Information required by Enlightened Politicians and Patriotic Citizens*](https://archive.org/details/historyrepublic00flowgoog). Grand Rapids, Michigan, U.S.A.: Union Book Company. pp. [65](https://archive.org/details/historyrepublic00flowgoog/page/n83)–69.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [Governors of Massachusetts: George Nixon Briggs (1796-1861): Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 1844-1851](http://www.mass.gov/statehouse/massgovs/gbriggs.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20061215172222/http://www.mass.gov/statehouse/massgovs/gbriggs.htm) 2006-12-15 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved January 20, 2007.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Wilson, Leslie Perrin. [Papers of the Legendary Hoar Family](https://web.archive.org/web/20061028115523/http://www.concordma.com/magazine/augsept99/hoar.html) *Concord Magazine*, August/September 1999; retrieved December 1, 2006.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-NYTimes-MA_Free_Soil-1854_8-0)** ["Massachusetts Free-Soil State Convention"](https://www.nytimes.com/1854/10/18/archives/massachus-its-freesoil-state-convention.html). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. October 18, 1854. Retrieved 2007-10-14.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-New_York_Times-1855-08-18-Page6_9-0)** ["Meeting in Boston to Commit Upon a Republican Movement"](https://www.nytimes.com/1855/08/18/archives/meeting-in-boston-to-commit-upon-a-republican-movement.html). *New York Times*: 6. August 18, 1855. Retrieved 2008-05-04.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** This first Concord Academy is unrelated to a second [Concord Academy](/source/Concord_Academy), which was co-founded by his grandson [Samuel Hoar (1887-1952)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Hoar_(1887-1952)&action=edit&redlink=1) in 1922. The co-founders of the first Concord Academy were these leading citizens of Concord: Samuel Hoar (1778–1856), Josiah G. Davis (1773–1847), William Whiting (1788–1847), Nathan Brooks (1788–1862) and Abiel Heywood (1759–1839).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** [Emerson in His Family: Charles Chauncy Emerson](http://www.concordnet.org/library/scollect/Emerson_Celebration/Em_Con_70.html), *Concord Free Public Library*, [Concord, Massachusetts](/source/Concord%2C_Massachusetts). Retrieved December 20, 2006.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Massachusett_Historical_Socity-Horatio_Robinson_Storer_Papers_12-0)** ["Horatio Robinson Storer Papers, 1829-1943: Guide to the Collection"](http://www.masshist.org/findingaids/doc.cfm?fa=fa0001). *Library: Finding Aids*. Revised. Massachusetts Historical Society. 22 March 2005 [June 2001]. Retrieved 2008-05-05.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-New_York_Times-1907-07-25-Sara_Sherman_Hoar_Storer_13-0)** ["Mrs. Sarah Sherman Storer"](https://www.nytimes.com/1907/07/25/archives/mrs-sarah-sherman-storer.html). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. July 25, 1907. p. 7. Retrieved 2008-05-05.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Samuel_Johnson_Hoar-Concord_Library_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Samuel_Johnson_Hoar-Concord_Library_14-1) [Hoar Family Papers, 1738-1958 (Bulk 1815-1935)](http://www.concordnet.org/library/scollect/Fin_Aids/Hoar.html) The Special Collections (Finding Aid). Concord Free Public Library. Retrieved January 30, 2007.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Dall, Caroline Healey; ed by Deese, Helen R. [Carol Healy Dall speaks in Concord, 1859](https://web.archive.org/web/20060521222731/http://www.concordma.com/magazine/spring06/carolynhealeydall.html) (See footnote 161 at bottom of page.) *Daughter of Boston: The Extraordinary Diary of a Nineteenth-century Woman* Beacon Press, Boston. 2004. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8070-5034-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8070-5034-7)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** Henry David Thoreau; (edited by Robert Sattelmeyer, Mark R. Patterson, and William Rossi) *Journal 3: 1848-1851* (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990. 75-78 and Annotation 75.16-78.19.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Harding, Walter. *The Days of Henry Thoreau,* (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970), 159-162.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** [The Writings of Henry David Thoreau: frequently asked questions.](http://www.library.ucsb.edu/thoreau/thoreau_faq.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20070120204603/http://www.library.ucsb.edu/thoreau/thoreau_faq.html) 2007-01-20 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) (Did Thoreau really start a major forest fire accidentally, and how old was he at that time?) *The Thoreau Edition,* Davidson Library at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved January 20, 2007.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** Felton, R. Todd. [An Early Naturalist Burns Down a Forest](https://web.archive.org/web/20060920223417/http://www.concordma.com/magazine/autumn06/transcendentalists.html) *Concord Magazine,* Autumn 2006. Excerpt from Felton: *A Journey Into the Transcendentalists' New England.* (Roaring Forties Press, 2006)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** Wheelright, Edward. (1896) "Edward Sherman Hoar." *Harvard Class of 1844: Harvard College, 50 Years after Graduation* Harvard College. (Cambridge Massachusetts)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** Angelo, Ray. (1984) ["Edward S. Hoar Revealed"](http://www.ray-a.com/EdwardHoarRevealed.pdf), *The Concord Saunterer*, 17:9-16 (March 1984)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Hoar_Family_in_America_22-0)** George Frisbie Hoar (1899). Henry Stedman Nourse (ed.). [*The Hoar Family in America and its English Ancestry: A Compilation from Collections made by the Hon. George Frisbie Hoar*](https://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~malchist/mypage40.htm). Boston, USA. Retrieved September 4, 2012.{{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Harvard_Crimson-SHoar-Obit_23-0)** "Obituary: Samuel Hoar '67". *Harvard Crimson*. Harvard Crimson, Inc. April 12, 1904.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-GPH_24-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-GPH_24-1) [Memorial service held for former Goodwin Procter partner](http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/stories/2004/09/27/daily14.html?jst=m_ln_hl) *Boston Business Journal.* September 27, 2004. Retrieved January 14, 2007.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** [In memoriam.](http://www.law.harvard.edu/alumni/bulletin/2005/spring/memoriam_main.php) Obituary of Samuel Hoar (1927–2004). Harvard Law School. Retrieved January 20, 2007.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** [Early History of CLF's Fight to Cleanup \[sic\] Boston Harbor 1983-1986](http://clf.org/programs/cases.asp?id=188) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20060627103708/http://clf.org/programs/cases.asp?id=188) 2006-06-27 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) *Conservation Law Foundation.* Retrieved January 20, 2007. See section entitled "Spring/Summer 1983." This source has a comprehensive time line of the civil court case and resulting governmental and facilities changes that came about because of it.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** Paolini, Bob. ["An Interview with VBA President Sam Hoar"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090326024709/http://www.vtbar.org/Images/Journal/journalarticles/Fall%202006/PresidentInterview.pdf) (PDF). *Vermont Bar Journal, No. 167, (Fall 2006) Volume 32, No. 3*. Vermont Bar Association. Archived from [the original](http://www.vtbar.org/Images/Journal/journalarticles/Fall%202006/PresidentInterview.pdf) (PDF) on March 26, 2009. Retrieved January 14, 2007. (via archive.org)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-SRHoar-Middlesex_28-0)** ["Staff Directory: Sam Hoar"](http://athletics.mxschool.edu/staff.aspx?path=bvas&staff=62). Middlesex School. Retrieved June 1, 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-SRHoar-Middlebury_29-0)** ["Department of Political Science: Awards and Prizes"](http://www.middlebury.edu/academics/ps/work/awardsandprizes). Middlebury College. Retrieved June 1, 2012.

## References

- United States Congress. ["Samuel Hoar (id: H000656)"](http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000656). *[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress](/source/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress)*. "HOAR, Samuel, (1778 - 1856)"

- [The Hoar Family on Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography](http://www.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/hoarfamily.html)

- *Samuel Hoar's Expulsion from Charleston,* Old South Leaflets, Volume vi No. 140.

- Hoar, George Frisbie. *Memorial Biographies of the New England Historic Genealogical Society*, Volume III. (Boston, 1883) (A memoir of Samuel Hoar)

- Emerson, Ralph Waldo. *Lectures and Biographical Sketches* (Boston, 1903) (On Samuel Hoar)

- Robbins, Paula Ivaska. *The Royal Family of Concord : Samuel, Elizabeth, and Rockwood Hoar and their friendship with Ralph Waldo Emerson* [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-4010-9970-X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4010-9970-X). Pub. Xlibris. Philadelphia PA, 2003.[*[self-published source?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources)*]

## External links

[Wikisource](/source/Wikisource) has the text of the [1911 *Encyclopædia Britannica*](/source/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition) article "[Hoar, Samuel](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hoar,_Samuel)".

- [HOAR FAMILY PAPERS, 1738-1958 (BULK 1815-1935)](http://www.concordnet.org/library/scollect/fin_aids/Hoar.html), and [HOAR FAMILY PAPERS, 1774-1940 (BULK 1860-1918)](http://www.concordnet.org/library/scollect/fin_aids/Hoar_6.html) at the *Concord Free Public Library*, [Concord, Massachusetts](/source/Concord%2C_Massachusetts)

- [Sherman Genealogy Including Families of Essex, Suffolk and Norfolk, England](https://archive.org/details/shermangenealog01shergoog/page/n447) By Thomas Townsend Sherman

- [Hoar-Baldwin-Foster-Sherman family of Massachusetts](http://politicalgraveyard.com/families/10064.html) at [Political Graveyard](/source/Political_Graveyard)

- [Samuel Hoar](http://www.rwe.org/comm/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=67&Itemid=245) Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson

- ["Hoar, Samuel"](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Hoar,_Samuel). *[Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography](/source/Appletons'_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography)*. 1892.

U.S. House of Representatives Preceded by Edward Everett Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 4th congressional district March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837 Succeeded by William Parmenter

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v t e United States representatives from Massachusetts 1st district F. Ames Dexter Goodhue Holten Sedgwick Skinner Sedgwick J. Bacon Eustis Quincy Ward Jr. Mason Gorham Webster Gorham N. Appleton Gorham A. Lawrence Fletcher A. Lawrence Winthrop N. Appleton Winthrop S. Eliot W. Appleton Scudder T. D. Eliot Hall T. D. Eliot Buffington Crapo R. Davis Randall Wright G. Lawrence Treadway Heselton Conte Olver Neal 2nd district Goodhue Foster W. Lyman Sedgwick Ward Sr. W. Lyman Shepard J. Crowninshield Story Pickman W. Reed Pickering Silsbee Barstow B. Crowninshield Choate Phillips Saltonstall D. King Rantoul Fay Crocker Buffington O. Ames Harris Long E. Morse Gillett Churchill Bowles Kaynor Granfield Clason Furcolo Boland Neal McGovern 3rd district Gerry Bourne Coffin S. Lyman Mattoon Cutler Nelson Livermore White Pickering Nelson Varnum Nelson Osgood Cushing A. Abbott Duncan Edmands Damrell C. Adams Thomas A. Rice Twichell Whiting I Pierce Field B. Dean Field Ranney L. Morse J. Andrew Walker J. R. Thayer R. Hoar C. Washburn J. A. Thayer Wilder Paige F. Foss Casey Philbin Drinan Donohue Early Blute McGovern N. Tsongas Trahan 4th district Sedgwick Dearborn G. Thatcher Wadsworth Foster L. Lincoln Sr. Hastings Varnum W. Richardson Dana Stearns Fuller E. Everett Sa. Hoar Parmenter Thompson Palfrey Thompson Sabine Walley Comins A. Rice Hooper Frost J. Abbott L. Morse Collins O'Neil Apsley Weymouth Tirrell Mitchell Wilder Winslow Stobbs P. Holmes Donohue Drinan Frank Kennedy III Auchincloss 5th district Partridge Bourne Freeman L. Williams T. Dwight Ely Mills Lathrop Sibley J. Davis L. Lincoln Jr. Hudson C. Allen W. Appleton Burlingame W. Appleton Hooper Alley Butler Gooch Banks Bowman L. Morse Hayden Banks Sh. Hoar Stevens Knox B. Ames J. Rogers E. Rogers B. Morse Cronin P. Tsongas Shannon Atkins Meehan N. Tsongas Markey Clark 6th district G. Thatcher Leonard J. Reed Sr. J. Smith Taggart S. Allen Locke Kendall Grennell Alvord Baker Ashmun G. Davis Upham T. Davis Alley Gooch Banks Butler Thompson Loring Stone Lovering Lodge Cogswell Moody Gardner Lufkin A.P. Andrew G. Bates W. Bates Harrington Mavroules Torkildsen Tierney Moulton 7th district Leonard Ward Sr. Leonard Bullock Bishop Mitchell Barker Baylies Turner Baylies Hulbert Shaw H. Dwight S. Allen Grennell Briggs J. Rockwell Goodrich Banks Gooch Boutwell Brooks Esty E. Hoar Tarbox Butler W. Russell Stone Cogswell W. Everett Barrett Roberts Phelan Maloney W. Connery L. Connery Lane Macdonald Markey Capuano Pressley 8th district Grout G. Thatcher F. Ames Otis Eustis L. Williams Green Gardner Green J. Reed Jr. Baylies Sampson Hobart Lathrop Bates Calhoun J. Adams Mann Wentworth Knapp Train Baldwin G. Hoar J. M. S. Williams Warren Claflin Candler W Russell C. H. Allen Greenhalge Stevens McCall Deitrick Dallinger H. Thayer Dallinger Healey Goodwin Macdonald O'Neill Kennedy II Capuano Lynch 9th district Varnum Bishop J. Dean Wheaton J. Reed Jr. Folger J. Reed Jr. H. Dwight Briggs Jackson Hastings H. Williams Hale Fowler Little De Witt E. Thayer Bailey A. Walker W. Washburn Crocker G. Hoar W. Rice T. Lyman Ely Burnett Candler G. Williams O'Neil Fitzgerald Conry Keliher Murray Roberts Fuller Underhill Luce R. Russell Luce T. H. Eliot Gifford Nicholson Keith McCormack Hicks Moakley Lynch Keating 10th district Goodhue Sewall Read Hastings Upham J. Allen Brigham Wheaton Morton F Baylies Bailey H. A. S. Dearborn W. Baylies Borden H. Williams Borden Burnell Grinnell Scudder Dickinson Chaffee Delano Dawes Crocker Stevens Seelye Norcross W. Rice J. E. Russell J. Walker McEttrick Atwood Barrows Naphen McNary O'Connell Curley Murray Tague Fitzgerald Tague Douglass Tinkham Herter Curtis Martin Heckler Studds Delahunt Keating 11th district Bradbury Bartlett Cutler Stedman A. Bigelow Brigham B. Adams J. Russell Hobart J. Richardson J. Adams J. Reed Jr. Burnell Goodrich Trafton Dawes Chapin Robinson Whiting II Wallace Coolidge Draper Sprague Powers Sullivan Peters Tinkham Douglass Higgins Flaherty Curley Kennedy O'Neill Burke Donnelly 12th district H. Dearborn I. Parker Lee S. Thatcher Skinner Larned Bidwell Bacon Dewey Hulbert Strong Kendall L. Bigelow Baylies Hodges J. Adams Robinson F. Rockwell Crosby E. Morse Lovering Powers Weeks Curley Gallivan McCormack Keith Studds 13th district Wadsworth Seaver Ruggles Dowse Eustis J. Reed Jr. Randall Simpkins Greene Weeks Mitchell Carter Luce Wigglesworth Burke 14th district G. Thatcher Cutts C. King J. Holmes Lovering E. Foss Harris Gilmore Olney Frothingham Wigglesworth Martin 15th district Wadsworth Ilsley Whitman Widgery Bradbury Whitman Greene Leach Martin Gifford 16th district S. Thatcher Cook Tallman S. Davis Brown Orr Hill Thacher Walsh Gifford 17th district Bruce Chandler Gannett F. Carr Wood J. Carr Wilson Kinsley 18th district Wilson T. Rice J. Parker 19th district J. Parker Conner Gage Cushman 20th district Hubbard Parris E. Lincoln At-large Cobb

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Samuel Hoar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Hoar) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Hoar?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.