# Samuel Chase

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Founding Father of the United States (1741–1811)

For other uses, see [Samuel Chase (disambiguation)](/source/Samuel_Chase_(disambiguation)).

Not to be confused with [Salmon P. Chase](/source/Salmon_P._Chase).

Samuel Chase Portrait by John Wesley Jarvis in the National Portrait Gallery collection, 1811 Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States In office February 4, 1796 – June 19, 1811 Nominated by George Washington Preceded by John Blair Succeeded by Gabriel Duvall Member of the Maryland General Assembly In office 1765–1785 Personal details Born (1741-04-17)April 17, 1741 Somerset County, Maryland, British America Died June 19, 1811(1811-06-19) (aged 70) Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. Party Federalist Spouses Anne Baldwin ​ ​ (m. 1762; died 1776)​ Hannah Kilty ​ (m. 1784)​ Children 9 Signature Nickname(s) Old Bacon Face Demosthenes of Maryland[1]

**Samuel Chase** (April 17, 1741 – June 19, 1811) was a [Founding Father of the United States](/source/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States), signer of the [Continental Association](/source/Continental_Association) and [United States Declaration of Independence](/source/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence) as a representative of [Maryland](/source/Maryland), and [Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court](/source/Associate_Justice_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court).[2] In 1804, Chase [was impeached](/source/Impeachment_of_Samuel_Chase) by the [House of Representatives](/source/United_States_House_of_Representatives) on grounds of letting his partisan leanings affect his court decisions, but was acquitted the following year by the [Senate](/source/United_States_Senate) and remained in office. He is the only United States Supreme Court Justice to have ever been impeached.

Born near [Princess Anne, Maryland](/source/Princess_Anne%2C_Maryland), Chase established a legal practice in [Annapolis, Maryland](/source/Annapolis%2C_Maryland). He served in the [Maryland General Assembly](/source/Maryland_General_Assembly) for several years and favored independence during the [American Revolution](/source/American_Revolution). He won election to the [Continental Congress](/source/Continental_Congress) before serving on the [Baltimore](/source/Baltimore) District Criminal Court and the Maryland General Court. In 1796, President [George Washington](/source/George_Washington) appointed Chase to the United States Supreme Court.

After the [1800 elections](/source/1800_United_States_elections), President [Thomas Jefferson](/source/Thomas_Jefferson) and the [Democratic-Republicans](/source/Democratic-Republican_Party) sought to weaken [Federalist](/source/Federalist_Party) influence on the [federal courts](/source/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States). Chase's actions on the court had been accused of demonstrating bias, and Jefferson believed that Chase should be removed from office, a process that required a vote in both the Senate and the House of Representatives. The House passed eight [articles of impeachment](/source/Articles_of_impeachment), all centering on Chase's alleged political bias. The Senate voted to acquit Chase on all counts, and Chase served on the Supreme Court until his death in 1811.[3] Some historians have argued that Chase's acquittal set an important precedent regarding the independence of the federal judiciary.

## Early life

Coat of Arms of Samuel Chase

Samuel Chase was the son of the Reverend Thomas Chase (c. 1703–1779) and his wife, Matilda Walker (1705–1741), born near [Princess Anne, Maryland](/source/Princess_Anne%2C_Maryland).[4] His father was a clergyman who immigrated to [Somerset County](/source/Somerset_County%2C_Maryland) to become a priest in a new church. Samuel was educated at home. He was eighteen when he left for [Annapolis](/source/Annapolis%2C_Maryland) where he studied law under attorney John Hall.[4] He was admitted to the bar in 1761[5] and started a law practice in Annapolis. It was during his time as a member of the bar that his colleagues gave him the nickname of "Old Bacon Face", either due to his proneness for a facial flush when angered or excited or due to his general ruddy complexion in general, or both.[6][7]

In May 1762, Chase married Anne Baldwin, daughter of Thomas and Agnes Baldwin. Samuel and Anne had three sons and four daughters, with only four surviving to adulthood.[4] Anne died in 1776. In 1784, Chase traveled to England to deal with Maryland's [Bank of England](/source/Bank_of_England) stock, where he met Hannah Kilty, daughter of Samuel Giles, a [Berkshire](/source/Berkshire) physician. They were married later that year and had two daughters, Hannah and Elisa.[4][8]

Anne Baldwin Chase and her daughters Anne and Matilda Chase

## Political career

In 1764, Chase was elected to the [Maryland General Assembly](/source/Maryland_General_Assembly) where he served for 20 years.[5]

In 1766, he became embroiled in a war of words with a number of loyalist members of the Maryland political establishment. In an open letter dated July 18, 1766, Chase attacked Walter Dulany, [George Steuart](/source/George_H._Steuart_(planter)) (1700–1784), [John Brice](/source/John_Brice_Jr.) (1705–1766), and others for publishing an article in the *[Maryland Gazette Extraordinary](/source/Maryland_Gazette)* of June 19, 1766, in which Chase was accused of being: "a busy, reckless incendiary, a ringleader of mobs, a foul-mouthed and inflaming son of discord and faction, a common disturber of the public tranquility". In his response, Chase accused Steuart and the others of "vanity...pride and arrogance", and of being brought to power by "proprietary influence, court favour, and the wealth and influence of the tools and favourites who infest this city."[9]

In 1769, he started construction of the mansion that would become known as the [Chase–Lloyd House](/source/Chase%E2%80%93Lloyd_House), which he sold unfinished in 1771. The house is now a [National Historic Landmark](/source/National_Historic_Landmark).[10] He co-founded [Anne Arundel County's](/source/Anne_Arundel_County%2C_Maryland) [Sons of Liberty](/source/Sons_of_Liberty) chapter with his close friend [William Paca](/source/William_Paca), as well as leading opposition to the [1765 Stamp Act](/source/1765_Stamp_Act).[4]

From 1774 to 1776, Chase was a member of the [Annapolis Convention](/source/Annapolis_Convention_(1774%E2%80%931776)). He served on [Maryland](/source/Maryland)'s [Council of Safety](/source/Committee_of_safety_(American_Revolution)) in 1775.[11] He represented Maryland at the Continental Congress, was re-elected in 1776 and signed the [United States Declaration of Independence](/source/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence).[5] He remained in the Continental Congress until 1778. Chase was elected to the 1788 [Maryland Ratifying Convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Ratifying_Convention&action=edit&redlink=1) to ratify the proposed [1787 Constitution](/source/Constitution_of_the_United_States). In the Convention, Chase was a prominent [Anti-Federalist](/source/Anti-Federalist),[12] though despite his efforts Maryland became the [seventh state to ratify](/source/Timeline_of_drafting_and_ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution).

## Judicial career

In 1786, Chase moved to Baltimore, which remained his home for the rest of his life. In 1788, he was appointed [chief justice](/source/Chief_justice) of the District Criminal Court in Baltimore and served until 1796. In 1791, he became Chief Justice of the Maryland General Court, again serving until 1796.[5] On January 26, 1796, President George Washington nominated Chase as an associate justice of the [Supreme Court of the United States](/source/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States); the [U.S. Senate](/source/U.S._Senate) confirmed his appointment the following day.[13] Chase was [sworn into office](/source/Oath_of_office#Federal_judiciary_oaths) on February 4, 1796, and served on the Court until his death on June 19, 1811.[3]

### Impeachment

Main article: [Impeachment of Samuel Chase](/source/Impeachment_of_Samuel_Chase)

President Thomas Jefferson, alarmed at the seizure of power by the judiciary through the claim of exclusive judicial review, led his party's efforts to remove the Federalists from the bench. His allies in Congress had, shortly after his inauguration, repealed the [Judiciary Act of 1801](/source/Midnight_Judges_Act), abolishing the lower courts created by the legislation and terminating their [Federalist](/source/Federalist_Party) judges despite lifetime appointments; Chase, two years after the repeal in May 1803, had denounced it in his charge to a Baltimore [grand jury](/source/Grand_jury), saying that it would "take away all security for property and personal liberty, and our Republican constitution will sink into a [mobocracy](/source/Mob_rule)."[14] Earlier in April 1800, Chase, acting as a district judge, had made strong attacks upon [Thomas Cooper](/source/Thomas_Cooper_(American_politician%2C_born_1759)), who had been indicted under the [Alien and Sedition Acts](/source/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts); Chase had taken the air of a prosecutor rather than a judge.[15] Also in 1800, when a [grand jury](/source/New_Castle_Court_House_Museum) in [New Castle, Delaware](/source/New_Castle%2C_Delaware) declined to indict a local printer, Chase refused to discharge them, saying he was aware of one specific printer whom he wished them to indict for seditious behavior.[16] Jefferson saw the attack as indubitable bad behavior and an opportunity to reduce the Federalist influence on the judiciary by impeaching Chase, launching the process from the White House when he wrote to Congressman [Joseph Hopper Nicholson](/source/Joseph_Hopper_Nicholson) of Maryland, asking: "Ought the seditious and official attack [by Chase] on the principles of our Constitution . . .to go unpunished?"[17]

On March 12, 1804, the House voted 73 to 32 to [impeach](/source/Federal_impeachment_in_the_United_States) Chase.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] The House of Representatives voted on December 4, 1804 to adopt eight [articles of impeachment](/source/Articles_of_impeachment), one of which involved Chase's handling of the trial of [John Fries](/source/John_Fries). Two more focused on his conduct in the [political libel](/source/Political_libel) trial of [James Callender](/source/James_T._Callender). One article covered Chase's conduct with the New Castle grand jury, charging that he "did descend from the dignity of a judge and stoop to the level of an informer by refusing to discharge the grand jury, although entreated by several of the said jury so to do." Three articles focused on procedural errors made during Chase's adjudication of various matters, and an eighth was directed at his "intemperate and inflammatory … peculiarly indecent and unbecoming … highly unwarrantable … highly indecent" remarks while "charging" or authorizing a Baltimore grand jury.[18] The United States Senate—controlled by the [Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans](/source/Democratic-Republican_Party)—began the [impeachment trial](/source/Federal_impeachment_trial_in_the_United_States) of Chase on February 9, 1805, with Vice President [Aaron Burr](/source/Aaron_Burr) presiding and Virginia Representative John Randolph leading the prosecution.

All the counts involved Chase's work as a trial judge in lower circuit courts. (In that era, Supreme Court justices had the added duty of serving as individuals on circuit courts, a practice that was ended in the late 19th century.) The heart of the allegations was that political bias had led Chase to treat defendants and their counsel in a blatantly unfair manner. Chase's defense lawyers called the prosecution a political effort by his Republican enemies.[19][20] In answer to the articles of impeachment, Chase argued that all of his actions had been motivated by adherence to precedent, judicial duty to restrain advocates from improper statements of law, and considerations of judicial efficiency.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

The Senate voted to acquit Chase of all charges on March 1, 1805. There were 34 senators present (25 Democratic-Republicans and 9 Federalists), and 23 votes were needed to reach the required two-thirds majority for conviction/removal from office. Of the eight votes taken, the closest vote was 18 for conviction/removal from office and 16 for acquittal in regards to the Baltimore grand jury charge.[21] He is the only U.S. Supreme Court justice to have been impeached.[5] Judge [Alexander Pope Humphrey](/source/Alexander_Pope_Humphrey) recorded in the *Virginia Law Register* an account of the impeachment trial and acquittal of Chase.[22]

The impeachment raised constitutional questions over the nature of the judiciary and was an important point in series of efforts to define the appropriate extent of "judicial independence" in America, especially with regard to the Supreme Court and Constitution. It set de facto limits on the impeachment power, fixed the concept that the judiciary was prohibited from openly engaging in partisan politics in the same way, defined the role of the judge in a criminal jury trial, and clarified judicial "independence". The construction was largely attitudinal, as it modified political norms without their explicit codification.[23]

The acquittal of Chase—by lopsided margins on several counts—set an unofficial precedent that many historians say helped ensure the so-called independence of the judiciary. As Chief Justice [William Rehnquist](/source/William_Rehnquist) noted in his book *Grand Inquests*, some senators declined to convict Chase despite their partisan hostility to him, apparently because they doubted that the mere "quality" of his judging was grounds for removal.[14] All impeachments of federal judges since Chase have been based on allegations of legal or ethical misconduct, not on judicial performance. For their part, federal judges were generally much more cautious than Chase in trying to avoid the appearance of political partisanship.

## Death and legacy

Samuel Chase died of a heart attack in 1811. He was interred in what is now Baltimore's [Old Saint Paul's Cemetery](/source/Old_Saint_Paul's_Cemetery).[24][25] The [World War II](/source/World_War_II) [Liberty Ship](/source/Liberty_Ship) [SS *Samuel Chase*](/source/SS_Samuel_Chase) was named in his honor.

## See also

- [List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States](/source/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States)

- [Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence](/source/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-HOM_1-0)** Scharf, John Thomas (1879). [*History of Maryland: 1765–1812*](https://archive.org/details/historymaryland02thomgoog). Hatboro, Pa., Tradition Press. p. [179](https://archive.org/details/historymaryland02thomgoog/page/n212).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Bernstein2001_2-0)** [Bernstein, Richard B.](/source/Richard_B._Bernstein) (2011) [2009]. ["Appendix: The Founding Fathers: A Partial List"](https://archive.org/details/foundingfathersr0000bern/page/176/mode/2up). *The Founding Fathers Reconsidered*. New York: Oxford University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0199832576](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199832576).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-SCOTUSjustices_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-SCOTUSjustices_3-1) ["Justices 1789 to Present"](https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/members_text.aspx). Washington, D.C.: Supreme Court of the United States. Retrieved February 14, 2022.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-mdoe_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-mdoe_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-mdoe_4-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-mdoe_4-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-mdoe_4-4) ["Chase, Samuel (1741–1811)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080509001446/http://www.mdoe.org/chasesamuel.html). *Maryland Online Encyclopedia (MdOE)*. Maryland Online Encyclopedia, a joint project of the [Maryland Historical Society](/source/Maryland_Historical_Society), the Maryland Humanities Council, the [Enoch Pratt Free Library](/source/Enoch_Pratt_Free_Library), and the Maryland State Department of Education. 2005. Archived from [the original](http://www.mdoe.org/chasesamuel.html) on May 9, 2008. Retrieved December 5, 2007.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-SCHS_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-SCHS_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-SCHS_5-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-SCHS_5-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-SCHS_5-4) ["Samuel Chase"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070713052523/http://www.supremecourthistory.org/02_history/subs_timeline/images_associates/007.html). The Supreme Court Historical Society. Archived from [the original](http://www.supremecourthistory.org/02_history/subs_timeline/images_associates/007.html) on July 13, 2007. Retrieved December 5, 2007.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Samuel Chase | Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence"](https://www.dsdi1776.com/signer/samuel-chase/). May 25, 2022. Retrieved May 5, 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["James W. Pfister: Justices Samuel Chase, Clarence Thomas and judicial independence"](https://news.yahoo.com/james-w-pfister-justices-samuel-073024859.html). *Yahoo News*. April 30, 2023. Retrieved May 5, 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Biography of Anne Baldwin Chase – Colonial Hall"](http://colonialhall.com/chase/chaseAnn.php). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120427010437/http://colonialhall.com/chase/chaseAnn.php) from the original on April 27, 2012. Retrieved September 29, 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** [Sanderson, John J, p. 67, *Biography of the Signers To the Declaration of Independence*, Volume 5, published by R W Pomery (1823).](https://books.google.com/books?id=3qTukW8wzJkC&dq=george+steuart&pg=PA363) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160105121629/https://books.google.com/books?id=3qTukW8wzJkC&pg=PA363&dq=george+steuart&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=1&ei=Bn1PS8G9LpeGygTzueHiCw&cd=6#v=onepage&q=george%20steuart&f=false) January 5, 2016, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) Retrieved January 21, 2010.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["Chase–Lloyd House"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090308091203/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=932&ResourceType=Building). *National Historic Landmark summary listing*. National Park Service. Archived from [the original](http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=932&ResourceType=Building) on March 8, 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["Samuel Chase, MSA SC 3520-235"](https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/000200/000235/html/235bio.html?). *msa.maryland.gov*. Retrieved November 25, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["Archived copy"](https://csac.history.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/281/2017/07/MD-Biographical-Gazetteer-for-Tim.pdf) (PDF). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210806082156/https://csac.history.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/281/2017/07/MD-Biographical-Gazetteer-for-Tim.pdf) (PDF) from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** McMillion, Barry J. (January 28, 2022). [Supreme Court Nominations, 1789 to 2020: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President](https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/RL33225.pdf) (PDF) (Report). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. Retrieved February 14, 2022.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-rehn_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-rehn_14-1) Rehnquist, William H. *Grand Inquests: The Historic Impeachments of Justice Samuel Chase and President Andrew Johnson.* Quill: 1992, p. 52.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** [The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions; Guideposts of Limited Government](http://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_03_3_watkins.pdf) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140826161825/http://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_03_3_watkins.pdf) August 26, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) by WILLIAM J. WATKINS, JR.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** ["The Sedition Act Trials – Historical Background and Documents"](http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/tu_sedbio_chase.html). Federal Judicial Center. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150204194517/http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/tu_sedbio_chase.html) from the original on February 4, 2015. Retrieved February 4, 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Jerry W. Knudson, "The Jeffersonian Assault on the Federalist Judiciary, 1802–1805: Political Forces and Press Reaction," *American Journal of Legal History* 1970 14(1): 55–75; Richard Ellis, "The Impeachment of Samuel Chase," in *American Political Trials,* ed. by Michael R. Belknap (1994) pp. 57–76, quote on p. 64.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-HJ1_18-0)** ["House Journal vol. 5"](https://voteview.com/source_images/house_journal/5/0#page/29/mode/2up). *voteview.com*. pp. 33–45. Retrieved July 3, 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** Dickenson, Al (May 24, 2022). ["Weaponizing Impeachment: Justice Samuel Chase and President Thomas Jefferson's Battle Over the Process"](https://allthingsliberty.com/2022/05/weaponizing-impeachment-justice-samuel-chase-and-president-thomas-jeffersons-battle-over-the-process/). *Journal of the American Revolution*. Retrieved September 19, 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** Senate Historical Office. ["Impeachment Trial of Justice Samuel Chase, 1804-05"](https://www.senate.gov/about/powers-procedures/impeachment/impeachment-chase.htm). Retrieved November 15, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** Jost, Kenneth (March 14, 2012). [*Supreme Court A to Z*](https://books.google.com/books?id=BWRHToRZG18C&pg=PA238). SAGE. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781608717446](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781608717446). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210726031813/https://books.google.com/books?id=BWRHToRZG18C&pg=PA238) from the original on July 26, 2021. Retrieved October 10, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** Humphrey, Alexander Pope (1899). "The Impeachment of Samuel Chase". *The Virginia Law Register*. **5** (5): 281–302. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/1098896](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1098896). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [1098896](https://www.jstor.org/stable/1098896).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Keith E. Whittington, "Reconstructing the Federal Judiciary: The Chase Impeachment and the Constitution," *Studies in American Political Development* 1995 v9#1: 55–116.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["Here Lies the Supreme Court: Gravesites of the Justices"](https://web.archive.org/web/20050903032026/http://www.supremecourthistory.org/04_library/subs_volumes/04_c20_e.html). Archived from [the original](http://www.supremecourthistory.org/04_library/subs_volumes/04_c20_e.html) on September 3, 2005. Retrieved September 3, 2005. [Supreme Court Historical Society](/source/Supreme_Court_Historical_Society) at [Internet Archive](/source/Internet_Archive).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** *See also*, Christensen, George A., *Here Lies the Supreme Court: Revisited*, *Journal of Supreme Court History*, Volume 33 Issue 1, pp. 17–41 (February 19, 2008), [University of Alabama](/source/University_of_Alabama).

## Further reading

- [Abraham, Henry J.](/source/Henry_J._Abraham) (1992). [*Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court*](https://archive.org/details/justicespresiden0000abra) (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-19-506557-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-506557-3).

- Cushman, Clare (2001). *The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789–1995* (2nd ed.). (Supreme Court Historical Society, Congressional Quarterly Books). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-56802-126-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56802-126-7).

- Frank, John P. (1995). [Friedman, Leon](/source/Leon_Friedman_(legal_scholar)); Israel, Fred L. (eds.). [*The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions*](https://archive.org/details/justicesofunited0000unse). Chelsea House Publishers. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-7910-1377-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7910-1377-4).

- [Hall, Kermit L.](/source/Kermit_L._Hall), ed. (1992). [*The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States*](https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00hall). New York: Oxford University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-19-505835-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-505835-6).

- Haw, James; F. F. Beirne; R. S. Jett (1980). *Stormy Patriot: the Life of Samuel Chase*. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-938420-00-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-938420-00-3).

- Martin, Fenton S.; Goehlert, Robert U. (1990). [*The U.S. Supreme Court: A Bibliography*](https://archive.org/details/ussupremecourtbi0000mart). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Books. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-87187-554-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87187-554-3).

- [Papenfuse, Edward C.](/source/Edward_C._Papenfuse) (July 1, 1987). *Biographical Dictionary of the Maryland Legislature. 2 Vol. Set*. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-8018-3570-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-3570-4).

- [Urofsky, Melvin I.](/source/Melvin_I._Urofsky) (1994). [*The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary*](https://archive.org/details/supremecourtjust00melv). New York: Garland Publishing. p. 590. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-8153-1176-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8153-1176-1).

## External links

[Wikisource](/source/Wikisource) has the text of a 1999 *[New International Encyclopedia](/source/New_International_Encyclopedia)* article about "**[Samuel Chase](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Chase,_Samuel)**".

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Samuel Chase](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Samuel_Chase).

- [Samuel Chase](https://www.fjc.gov/node/1379031) at the *[Biographical Directory of Federal Judges](/source/Biographical_Directory_of_Federal_Judges)*, a publication of the [Federal Judicial Center](/source/Federal_Judicial_Center).

- [ColonialHall.com: Samuel Chase](http://www.colonialhall.com/chase/chase.asp) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20080521220834/http://www.colonialhall.com/chase/chase.asp) May 21, 2008, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

- [Samuel Chase, Freedom Firebrand – Delmarva Heritage Series](http://nabbhistory.salisbury.edu/resources/wroten/wroten_schase.html)

- [Oyez Project](/source/Oyez.org), [Supreme Court media, Samuel Chase.](https://www.oyez.org/justices/samuel_chase/)

- [Samuel Chase](http://www.supremecourthistory.org/history-of-the-court/associate-justices/samuel-chase-1796-1811/), [Supreme Court Historical Society](/source/Supreme_Court_Historical_Society).

- [*Booknotes* interview with William Rehnquist on *Grand Inquests: The Historic Impeachments of Justice Samuel Chase and President Andrew Johnson*, July 5, 1992.](https://www.c-span.org/video/?26896-1/grand-inquests-historic-impeachments)

Legal offices Preceded by John Blair Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States 1796–1811 Succeeded by Gabriel Duvall

v t e Continental Association Signatories President of Congress Peyton Randolph New Hampshire John Sullivan Nathaniel Folsom Massachusetts Bay Thomas Cushing Samuel Adams John Adams Robert Treat Paine Rhode Island Stephen Hopkins Samuel Ward Connecticut Eliphalet Dyer Roger Sherman Silas Deane New York Isaac Low John Alsop John Jay James Duane Philip Livingston William Floyd Henry Wisner Simon Boerum New Jersey James Kinsey William Livingston Stephen Crane Richard Smith John De Hart Pennsylvania Joseph Galloway John Dickinson Charles Humphreys Thomas Mifflin Edward Biddle John Morton George Ross The Lower Counties Caesar Rodney Thomas McKean George Read Maryland Matthew Tilghman Thomas Johnson, Junr William Paca Samuel Chase Virginia Richard Henry Lee George Washington Patrick Henry, Junr Richard Bland Benjamin Harrison Edmund Pendleton North Carolina William Hooper Joseph Hewes Richard Caswell South Carolina Henry Middleton Thomas Lynch Christopher Gadsden John Rutledge Edward Rutledge Related Virginia Association Loudoun Resolves Fairfax Resolves Suffolk Resolves First Continental Congress Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress Charles Thomson Journals of the Continental Congress Carpenters' Hall Display National Archives Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom

v t e United States Declaration of Independence Physical history of the Declaration of Independence Memorial to the 56 Signers Founding Fathers Syng inkstand Primary author Thomas Jefferson Signatories President of Congress John Hancock (Massachusetts) New Hampshire Josiah Bartlett William Whipple Matthew Thornton Massachusetts Samuel Adams John Adams Robert Treat Paine Elbridge Gerry Rhode Island Stephen Hopkins William Ellery Connecticut Roger Sherman Samuel Huntington William Williams Oliver Wolcott New York William Floyd Philip Livingston Francis Lewis Lewis Morris New Jersey Richard Stockton John Witherspoon Francis Hopkinson John Hart Abraham Clark Pennsylvania Robert Morris Benjamin Rush Benjamin Franklin John Morton George Clymer James Smith George Taylor James Wilson George Ross Delaware George Read Caesar Rodney Thomas McKean Maryland Samuel Chase William Paca Thomas Stone Charles Carroll of Carrollton Virginia George Wythe Richard Henry Lee Thomas Jefferson Benjamin Harrison Thomas Nelson Jr. Francis Lightfoot Lee Carter Braxton North Carolina William Hooper Joseph Hewes John Penn South Carolina Edward Rutledge Thomas Heyward Jr. Thomas Lynch Jr. Arthur Middleton Georgia Button Gwinnett Lyman Hall George Walton Delegates voting for Independence (did not sign) New York: Robert R. Livingston, Henry Wisner Maryland: John Rogers, Matthew Tilghman Related Halifax Resolves Augusta Declaration Virginia Declaration of Rights Second Continental Congress Lee Resolution Committee of Five "All men are created equal" "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness" "Consent of the governed" 27 grievances Document's history signing Charles Thomson Timothy Matlack Journals of the Continental Congress United Colonies Independence Hall Syng inkstand American Revolution Display and legacy National Archives Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom Independence Day Anniversaries Centennial Sesquicentennial Bicentennial Semiquincentennial Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence (Washington, D.C.) Signers Monument (Georgia) Pine portrait Trumbull portrait Statue of Liberty

v t e Marshall Court (1801–1835) Justices Marshall Cushing Paterson Chase Washington Moore Johnson Livingston Todd Duvall Story Thompson Trimble McLean Baldwin Wayne Decisions By volume Cranch 5 (1) 6 (2) 7 (3) 8 (4) 9 (5) 10 (6) 11 (7) 12 (8) 13 (9) Wheat. 14 (1) 15 (2) 16 (3) 17 (4) 18 (5) 19 (6) 20 (7) 21 (8) 22 (9) 23 (10) 24 (11) 25 (12) Pet. 26 (1) 27 (2) 28 (3) 29 (4) 30 (5) 31 (6) 32 (7) 33 (8) 34 (9) By topic Aboriginal title Criminal law (list) Statutes Judiciary Act of 1789 Crimes Act of 1790 Judiciary Act of 1793 Midnight Judges Act (1801) Judiciary Act of 1802 Crimes Act of 1825 Topics Circuit assignments

v t e Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States (list) Chief justices John Jay (1789–1795, cases) John Rutledge (1795, cases) Oliver Ellsworth (1796–1800, cases) John Marshall (1801–1835, cases) Roger B. Taney (1836–1864, cases) Salmon P. Chase (1864–1873, cases) Morrison Waite (1874–1888, cases) Melville Fuller (1888–1910, cases) Edward Douglass White (1910–1921, cases) William Howard Taft (1921–1930, cases) Charles Evans Hughes (1930–1941, cases) Harlan F. Stone (1941–1946, cases) Fred M. Vinson (1946–1953, cases) Earl Warren (1953–1969, cases) Warren E. Burger (1969–1986, cases) William Rehnquist (1986–2005, cases) John Roberts (2005–present, cases) Associate justices J. Rutledge* (1790–1791) Cushing (1790–1810) Wilson (1789–1798) Blair (1790–1795) Iredell (1790–1799) T. Johnson (1792–1793) Paterson (1793–1806) S. Chase (1796–1811) Washington (1798–1829) Moore (1800–1804) W. Johnson (1804–1834) Livingston (1807–1823) Todd (1807–1826) Duvall (1811–1835) Story (1812–1845) Thompson (1823–1843) Trimble (1826–1828) McLean (1829–1861) Baldwin (1830–1844) Wayne (1835–1867) Barbour (1836–1841) Catron (1837–1865) McKinley (1838–1852) Daniel (1842–1860) Nelson (1845–1872) Woodbury (1845–1851) Grier (1846–1870) Curtis (1851–1857) Campbell (1853–1861) Clifford (1858–1881) Swayne (1862–1881) Miller (1862–1890) Davis (1862–1877) Field (1863–1897) Strong (1870–1880) Bradley (1870–1892) Hunt (1873–1882) J. M. Harlan (1877–1911) Woods (1881–1887) Matthews (1881–1889) Gray (1882–1902) Blatchford (1882–1893) L. Lamar (1888–1893) Brewer (1890–1910) Brown (1891–1906) Shiras (1892–1903) H. Jackson (1893–1895) E. White* (1894–1910) Peckham (1896–1909) McKenna (1898–1925) Holmes (1902–1932) Day (1903–1922) Moody (1906–1910) Lurton (1910–1914) Hughes* (1910–1916) Van Devanter (1911–1937) J. Lamar (1911–1916) Pitney (1912–1922) McReynolds (1914–1941) Brandeis (1916–1939) Clarke (1916–1922) Sutherland (1922–1938) Butler (1923–1939) Sanford (1923–1930) Stone* (1925–1941) O. Roberts (1930–1945) Cardozo (1932–1938) Black (1937–1971) Reed (1938–1957) Frankfurter (1939–1962) Douglas (1939–1975) Murphy (1940–1949) Byrnes (1941–1942) R. Jackson (1941–1954) W. Rutledge (1943–1949) Burton (1945–1958) Clark (1949–1967) Minton (1949–1956) J. M. Harlan II (1955–1971) Brennan (1956–1990) Whittaker (1957–1962) Stewart (1958–1981) B. White (1962–1993) Goldberg (1962–1965) Fortas (1965–1969) T. Marshall (1967–1991) Blackmun (1970–1994) Powell (1972–1987) Rehnquist* (1972–1986) Stevens (1975–2010) O'Connor (1981–2006) Scalia (1986–2016) Kennedy (1988–2018) Souter (1990–2009) Thomas (1991–present) Ginsburg (1993–2020) Breyer (1994–2022) Alito (2006–present) Sotomayor (2009–present) Kagan (2010–present) Gorsuch (2017–present) Kavanaugh (2018–present) Barrett (2020–present) K. Jackson (2022–present) *Also served as chief justice of the United States

Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF GND FAST WorldCat National United States Netherlands Norway Israel People US Congress Deutsche Biographie Other IdRef Open Library NARA SNAC 2 Yale LUX

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Samuel Chase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Chase) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Chase?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.