# Samlandic

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{{Short description|German dialect}}
{{Infobox language
|name             = Samlandic
|nativename       = Samländisch
|state            = [Poland](/source/Poland), [Russia](/source/Russia) (formerly [Germany](/source/German_Empire))
|region           = [East Prussia](/source/East_Prussia)
|ethnicity=[Germans](/source/Germans)
|familycolor=Indo-European 
|fam2=[Germanic](/source/Germanic_languages) 
|fam3=[West Germanic](/source/West_Germanic_languages)
|fam4=[North Sea Germanic](/source/North_Sea_Germanic)
|fam5=[Low German](/source/Low_German)
|fam6=[East Low German](/source/East_Low_German)
|fam7=[Low Prussian](/source/Low_Prussian)
|isoexception=dialect
}}

'''Samlandic''' was a [Low Prussian dialect](/source/Low_Prussian_dialect) of [Low German](/source/Low_German). It was divided into Ostsamländisch and Westsamländisch.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tWVxnfaQAhIC&q=Saml%C3%A4ndisch+Niederpreussisch&pg=PA892|title = Dialektologie. 2. Halbband|isbn = 9783110203332|last1 = Besch|first1 = Werner|last2 = Knoop|first2 = Ulrich|last3 = Putschke|first3 = Wolfgang|last4 = Wiegand|first4 = Herbert E.|date = 14 July 2008| publisher=Walter de Gruyter }}</ref> Both were from [East Prussia](/source/East_Prussia).<ref name="Memelland">Thorwald Poschenrieder, ''Deutsch- und baltischsprachige Preußen des Memellandes'', in: ''Collegium Europaeum Jenense an der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena: Deutsch-litauische Kulturbeziehungen: Kolloquium zu Ehren von August Schleicher an der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena vom 19. bis 20. Mai 1994. Herausgegeben von Gertrud Bense, Maria Kozianka, Gottfried Meinhold. Ausgabe 1995'', Jena, 1995, p. 109–150, here esp. p. 130 (map ''Die Sprachen und deutschen Mundarten Ostpreußens'')<br/> {{cite web |url=http://www.tausendschoen-verlag.de/PDF/Memelland.pdf |title=Memelland.pdf|website=www.tausendschoen-verlag.de |access-date=2021-10-20}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Westsamländisch was spoken West of [Königsberg](/source/Kaliningrad).<ref name="Memelland" /> Westsamländisch had a border with [Ostsamländisch](/source/Ostsaml%C3%A4ndisch).<ref name="Memelland" />

Ostsamländisch was spoken around [Königsberg](/source/Kaliningrad), [Labiau](/source/Polessk) and [Wehlau](/source/Znamensk%2C_Kaliningrad_Oblast).<ref name="Memelland" /> Ostsamländisch had a border with [Natangian](/source/Natangian), [Westsamländisch](/source/Westsaml%C3%A4ndisch) and [Eastern Low Prussian](/source/Eastern_Low_Prussian).<ref name="Memelland" />

Samlandic was spoken around [Neukuhren](/source/Pionersky%2C_Kaliningrad_Oblast) and [Heydekrug](/source/%C5%A0ilut%C4%97).<ref name="Walther Ziesemer 1924, p. 127">Walther Ziesemer: ''Die ostpreußischen Mundarten''. Ferdinand Hirt, 1924, p. 127</ref>

== Phonology ==
Westsamländisch has, in contrast to the remainder of Samlandic, for (I) ''go'', (I) ''stand'' etc. ''jon'', ''schton'' etc.<ref name="Walther Ziesemer 1924, p. 127"/> ''O'' before R is spoken with a long vowel.<ref name="Walther Ziesemer 1924, p. 127"/> It has ''ick sint'' meaning ''I am'' and ''tije'' for ''ten''.<ref name="Walther Ziesemer 1924, p. 127"/> Westsamländisch has long u as long ü.<ref name="Walther Ziesemer 1924, p. 127"/> ''A'' is palatal.<ref>Walther Mitzka. ''Kleine Schriften zur Sprachgeschichte und Sprachgeographie''. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1968, p. 324</ref> It has {{lang|nds|dorx}} (with the ''ach''-Laut) for High German ''durch'', English ''through''.<ref>Walther Ziesemer: ''Die ostpreußischen Mundarten''. Ferdinand Hirt, Breslau, 1924, p. 133</ref>

== History ==
During the latter age of the [Teutonic order](/source/Teutonic_order), Latvian-Curonian fishermen came to nowadays [Pionerski](/source/Pionersky%2C_Kaliningrad_Oblast), [Primorye](/source/Primorye%2C_Kaliningrad_Oblast), and [Filino](/source/Filino).<ref>Walther Ziesemer: ''Die ostpreußischen Mundarten''. Ferdinand Hirt, 1924, p. 128</ref>

== Culture ==
[Anke van Tharaw](/source/%C3%84nnchen_von_Tharau) is a poem written in Samlandic.

== Bibliography ==
* Wanda Nimtz-Wendlandt: ''Die Nehringer'', Elwert, 1986. {{ISBN|3-7708-0834-7}}.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Samlandic}}
Category:East Prussia
Category:Low Prussian dialect
Category:Languages of Russia

{{germanic-lang-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Samlandic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samlandic) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samlandic?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.