# Samannud

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**Samannud** (Arabic: سمنود *Samannūd*) is a city (*[markaz](/source/Markazes_of_Egypt)*) located in [Gharbia Governorate](/source/Gharbia_Governorate), Egypt. Known in [classical antiquity](/source/Classical_antiquity) as **Sebennytos** (Ancient Greek: Σεβέννυτος), Samannud is a historic city that has been inhabited since the [Ancient Egyptian](/source/Ancient_Egypt) period. As of 2019, the population of the *markaz* of Samannud was estimated to be 410,388, with 83,417 people living in urban areas and 326,971 in rural areas.[1]

## Etymology

The place known in arz: سمنود sæmænˈnuːd, was historically called **Sebennytos** or **Sebennytus**.

- Coptic: ϫⲉⲙⲛⲟⲩϯ, and ϫⲉⲃⲉⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ,[2] ʃæmˈnudi, ʃæβæˈnudæ
- Late Coptic: *ⲥⲉⲃⲉⲛⲛⲏⲧⲟⲩ* and *ⲥⲉⲃⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲟⲩ*,[3] sæβænˈnidu, sæβænˈnædu
- Ancient Greek: Σεβέννυτος and Σεβέννυς[4][3] or ἡ Σεβεννυτικὴ πόλις[5]
- [Egyptian](/source/Egyptian_language): **ṯb-(n)-nṯr**)

The name Samannud ultimately derives from the [Ancient Egyptian](/source/Egyptian_language) name **ṯb-(n)-nṯr**, meaning "city of the sacred calf".[6] The name was probably pronounced */ˌcabˈnaːcar/ in Old Egyptian and */ˌcəbˈnuːtə/ or */ˌcəbənˈnuːtə/ in Late Egyptian.[7]

## Ancient history

Samannud (Sebennytos) was an ancient city of [Lower Egypt](/source/Lower_Egypt), located on the now-silted up Sebennytic [branch of the Nile in the Delta](/source/Nile_Delta#Ancient_branches_of_the_Nile). Sebennytos was the [capital](/source/Capital_city) of Lower Egypt's twelfth [nome](/source/Nome_(Egypt))—the [Sebennyte nome (district)](/source/Theb-ka). Sebennytos was also the seat of the [Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt](/source/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt) (380–343 BCE).[8][9][10][11]

Sebennytos is perhaps best known as the hometown of [Manetho](/source/Manetho), a [historian](/source/Historian) and [chronicler](/source/Chronicler) from the [Ptolemaic era](/source/Ptolemaic_dynasty), c. 3rd century BC. Sebennytos was also the hometown of [Nectanebo II](/source/Nectanebo_II); he was its last ruler.[12]

A [temple](/source/Temple) dedicated to the local god [Anhur](/source/Anhur), or Anhur-[Shu](/source/Shu_(Egyptian_god)), and his lioness goddess mate [Mehit](/source/Mehit), once existed at this location but is now reduced to ruins. A fragment from the location where kings would have made offerings to Anhur and his wife, is on display at the [Walters Art Museum](/source/Walters_Art_Museum).[13]

## Modern history

Samannud violently resisted the [Muslim conquest of Egypt](/source/Muslim_conquest_of_Egypt) in 639, and remained rebellious for some time thereafter; the city revolted four times in the first half of the eighth century. Three [Coptic Patriarchs](/source/Pope_of_the_Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria) came from Samannud: [John III](/source/Pope_John_III_of_Alexandria), [Cosmas II](/source/Pope_Cosmas_II_of_Alexandria), and [John V](/source/Pope_John_V_of_Alexandria). The 12th-century [Coptic](/source/Coptic_language) [philologist](/source/Philology) [Yuhanna al-Samannudi](/source/Yuhanna_al-Samannudi) also came from Samannud, and served as its bishop.[14]

Historical population Year Pop. ±% 1996 249,672 — 2006 298,166 +19.4% 2019 410,388 +37.6%

Citypopulation.de[1]

Samannud's bishopric remained active through the late thirteenth century, indicating the presence of a large Christian population at the time.[15]

In 1843, [John Gardner Wilkinson](/source/John_Gardner_Wilkinson) described it as a place of some size, with the usual [bazaars](/source/Bazaars) of the large towns of Egypt, and famous for its pottery, which was sent to Cairo.[16]

The [1885 Census of Egypt](/source/1885_Census_of_Egypt) recorded Samannud as a city in its own district in [Gharbia Governorate](/source/Gharbia_Governorate); at that time, the population of the city was 11,550 (5,686 men and 5,864 women).[17]

## Notable people

- [Pope John III of Alexandria](/source/Pope_John_III_of_Alexandria) (7th century)
- [Pope Cosmas II of Alexandria](/source/Pope_Cosmas_II_of_Alexandria) (9th century)
- [Pope Shenouda I of Alexandria](/source/Pope_Shenouda_I_of_Alexandria) (9th century)
- [Ahmed Abu Ismail](/source/Ahmed_Abu_Ismail) (1915–2013), Minister of Finance
- [Mohamed Nagui](/source/Mohamed_Nagui) (1947–2014), writer
- [Ahmed Mansour](/source/Ahmed_Mansour_(journalist)) (born 1962), journalist

## In religious traditions

In a [Coptic](/source/Copts) tradition, Sebennytos was part of the route of the [Holy Family](/source/Holy_Family) during the [flight into Egypt](/source/Flight_into_Egypt) narrated in the [Gospel of Matthew](/source/Gospel_of_Matthew) ([2:13](/source/Matthew_2:13)–[23](/source/Matthew_2:23)).[18]

## See also

- [List of cities and towns in Egypt](/source/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Egypt)

## References

1. ["Samannūd (Markaz, Egypt)"](https://www.citypopulation.de/en/egypt/admin/al_gharbiyah/1606__samannūd/). *Citypopulation.de*. Retrieved 20 June 2020.

1. ["أسماء بعض البلاد المصرية بالقبطية - كتاب لغتنا القبطية المصرية | St-Takla.org"](https://st-takla.org/books/pauline-todary/coptic-language/egyptian.html). *st-takla.org*

1. Gauthier, Henri (1929). [*Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol .6*](https://archive.org/details/Gauthier1929/page/n39). p. 74.

1. [Ptolemy](/source/Ptolemy) iv. 5. § 50, [Stephanus of Byzantium](/source/Stephanus_of_Byzantium)

1. [Strabo](/source/Strabo) xvii. p. 802

1. Sterling, Gregory E. (1992). [*Historiography and Self-Definition: Josephos, Luke-Acts, and Apologetic Historiography*](https://books.google.com/books?id=KzQ26kOY0VUC). [Brill Publishers](/source/Brill_Publishers). p. 118. ISBN 9004095012. Retrieved 22 June 2020.

1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) *Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction*, Cambridge: [Cambridge University Press](/source/Cambridge_University_Press), ISBN 0-521-44384-9, p. 34

1. Gray, Leon (2010). *The New Cultural Atlas of Egypt*. [Marshall Cavendish](/source/Marshall_Cavendish). p. 143. ISBN 9780761478775.

1. Peck, Harry Thurston (1898). *Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898)*. [Harper and Brothers](/source/Harper_and_Brothers)

1. Smith, William (1858). [*Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography*](https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=nilus-geo&highlight=sebennytus). Retrieved 29 March 2020.

1. Cooper, William Ricketts (1876). [*An Archaic Dictionary: Biographical, Historical, and Mythological: From the Egyptian, Assyrian, and Etruscan Monuments and Papyri*](https://books.google.com/books?id=yhwGAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA496). [S. Bagster and Sons](/source/Samuel_Bagster_the_Elder). p. 496.

1. Bill Manley, The Seventy Great Mysteries of Ancient Egypt" [Thames & Hudson](/source/Thames_%26_Hudson) Ltd, 2003. p.101

1. Watterson, Barbara (2003). [*Gods of Ancient Egypt*](https://books.google.com/books?id=G9wTDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT41). [History Press](/source/History_Press). p. 41. ISBN 978-0-7524-9502-6.

1. Sidarus, Adel (2017). ["Yuhanna al-Samannudi, the Founder of National Coptic Philology in the Middle Ages"](https://books.google.com/books?id=5LNSDwAAQBAJ). *Christianity and Monasticism in Northern Egypt: Beni Suef, Giza, Cairo, and the Nile Delta*. [Oxford University Press](/source/Oxford_University_Press). pp. 139–140. ISBN 978-1617977800. Retrieved 22 June 2020.

1. Tsuji, Asuka (2017). ["The Veneration of Anba Hadid and the Nile Delta in the Thirteenth Century"](https://books.google.com/books?id=5LNSDwAAQBAJ). *Christianity and Monasticism in Northern Egypt: Beni Suef, Giza, Cairo, and the Nile Delta*. [Oxford University Press](/source/Oxford_University_Press). p. 190. ISBN 978-1617977800. Retrieved 24 June 2020.

1. Wilkinson, John Gardner (1843). [*Modern Egypt and Thebes: Being a Description of Egypt, Including the Information Required for Travellers in that Country*](https://books.google.com/books?id=J4QOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA432). [John Murray](/source/John_Murray_(publishing_house)). p. 432.

1. Egypt min. of finance, census dept (1885). [*Recensement général de l'Égypte*](https://books.google.com/books?id=OpQNAAAAQAAJ). p. 288. Retrieved 21 June 2020.

1. ["The Holy Family at Meniet Samanoud"](http://www.touregypt.net/holyfamily.htm). *Tour Egypt*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160912231331/http://www.touregypt.net/holyfamily.htm) 12 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 6 November 2016.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Samannud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samannud) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samannud?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.