# Sam Marcy

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American lawyer (1911–1998)

Sam Marcy Chairman of the Workers World Party In office 1959 – February 1, 1998 Personal details Born 1911 Russian Empire Died February 1, 1998 (aged 86) New York City, U.S. Party Workers World Party (after 1959) Other political affiliations Communist Party USA (until 1940s) Socialist Workers Party (1940s–1959) Spouse Dorothy Ballan[1] Occupation Political activist writer

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**Sam Ballan** (1911 – February 1, 1998), known by his [pen name](/source/Pen_name) **Sam Marcy**, was an American lawyer, writer, historian, and [Trotskyist](/source/Trotskyist) activist of the post-[World War II](/source/World_War_II) era. He co-founded the [Workers World Party](/source/Workers_World_Party) in 1959 and served as its chairperson until his death.

## Biography

Marcy was born in the [Russian Empire](/source/Russian_Empire) to [Jewish](/source/Jewish) parents. During the [Russian Civil War](/source/Russian_Civil_War), his family was a target of anti-Jewish [pogroms](/source/Pogroms) by the [White movement](/source/White_movement) and received protection from the communist forces. They resettled in [Brooklyn](/source/Brooklyn), where Marcy became an activist for the [Communist Party USA](/source/Communist_Party_USA). He studied law at [St. Johns University](/source/St._John's_University_(New_York)) and provided legal advice to labor unions in New York.[1]

Marcy grew discontented as a member of the Communist Party, viewing the [Third International](/source/Third_International) as increasingly detached from working class interests and instead a mouthpiece for [Joseph Stalin](/source/Joseph_Stalin), whose oppressive bureaucracy he despised. He joined the Trotskyist movement in the 1940s, building a branch of the [Socialist Workers Party](/source/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)) (SWP) in [Buffalo](/source/Buffalo%2C_New_York).[1] Yet he again became dissatisfied, finding the SWP uncommitted to revolutionary politics and instead oriented toward parliamentary reform.[2] Marcy, [Vince Copeland](/source/Vincent_Copeland), and other SWP members developed a theory of "global [class war](/source/Class_conflict)", according to which Marxists had a duty to defend the existence of the USSR and its satellites in spite of their bureaucracy.[3] The theory not only guided the formation of the [Workers World Party](/source/Workers_World_Party) but has more recently made inroads into academic Marxist debates in the U.S.[4][5][6][7] Over several years Marcy clashed with the SWP leadership on several questions, including their approach to Communist China and North Korea, whether the SWP should endorse [Henry A. Wallace](/source/Henry_A._Wallace),[8] and the [Hungarian Revolution of 1956](/source/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956). On the last question, Marcy's faction supported the Soviet military intervention, arguing that the initial worker uprising had attracted class elements that sought to restore capitalism.[9][10]

In 1959 the "global class war" faction set up a new organization, the Workers World Party, characterized by outspoken defense of all Communist governments in the world. Marcy's writings included extensive works on socialism, the Cold War era and the rise of the powerful [military-industrial complex](/source/Military-industrial_complex). He also wrote about the civil rights struggles of the 1960s, the [anti-war movement](/source/Anti-war_movement) during the Vietnam War, the economic forces behind capitalist downsizing and the impact of [high technology](/source/High_technology).[11] Selections of his works have been translated into many languages, including [Persian](/source/Persian_language), Spanish, [Turkish](/source/Turkish_language), Korean, French and German.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

His writings show a strong support for [Mao Zedong](/source/Mao_Zedong) and the [Chinese Cultural Revolution](/source/Chinese_Cultural_Revolution), and he defended the leadership of the [People’s Republic of China](/source/People%E2%80%99s_Republic_of_China) until the reforms of [Deng Xiaoping](/source/Deng_Xiaoping). Marcy defended both China and the Soviet Union against charges of imperialism despite disagreeing with some policies and practices of the Communist Party leadership of both countries.[12]

In addition to his writings, Marcy and Copeland were some of the organizers of the first demonstration in the United States against the Vietnam War. The demonstration, by WWP affiliate group Youth Against War and Fascism, occurred in August 1962 and was subsequently noted by [Ho Chi Minh](/source/Ho_Chi_Minh) in an interview with the *[National Guardian](/source/National_Guardian)* newspaper.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] Marcy died at [Cabrini Medical Center](/source/Cabrini_Medical_Center) in Manhattan on February 1, 1998, at age 86.[1]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-obituary_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-obituary_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-obituary_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-obituary_1-3) Thomas, Robert McGill Jr. (February 9, 1998). ["Sam Marcy, Marxist Writer, Dies at 86"](https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/09/nyregion/sam-marcy-marxist-writer-dies-at-86.html). *New York Times*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [House Un-American Activities Committee](/source/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee) (1968) *Subversive influences in riots, looting, and burning*

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Lambert, Bruce (June 10, 1993). ["Vincent Copeland, 77, is Dead; Led Anti-War Protests in 1960's"](https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/10/obituaries/vincent-copeland-77-is-dead-led-anti-war-protests-in-1960-s.html). *The New York Times*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Ford, Derek R. (2017). *Education and the production of space: political pedagogy, geography, and urban revolution*. New York: ROUTLEDGE. pp. 34–53. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-367-19437-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-367-19437-6). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [1102795622](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1102795622).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Malott, Curry (2016). *History and education : engaging the global class war*. New York: Peter Lang. pp. 1–100. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4331-3399-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4331-3399-2). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [945730106](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/945730106).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Malott, Curry (2015). *Marx, capital, and education : towards a critical pedagogy of becoming*. Derek Ford. New York: Peter Lang. pp. 8, 40, 51–61, 89, 154. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4539-1602-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4539-1602-5). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [913956545](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/913956545).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Chambers, Collin L. (2017). [*The People's Republic of China and the Global Class War*](https://surface.syr.edu/thesis/121) (MA thesis). Syracuse: Syracuse University. pp. 1–165.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Marcy, Sam (1953) *The Global Class War and the Destiny of American Labor*

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Copeland, Vincent (1956) ["The Class Character of the Hungarian Uprising"](https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/writers/copeland/V-Grey-Class-Character-Hungarian-Uprising.pdf)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Marcy, Sam (July 1, 1993) "The bright side of a long struggle: Remembering Vince Copeland"

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["Selected Works of Sam Marcy"](http://www.workers.org/marcy/cd/).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Marcy, Sam. "Memorandum on the Unfolding War and the Tasks of the Proletariat in the New Phase of the World (Permanent) Revolution." Marxists.org, 1950. [https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/writers/marcy/gclasswar.pdf](https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/writers/marcy/gclasswar.pdf)

## External links

- [Selected works of Sam Marcy at the Workers World Party website](http://www.workers.org/marcy/cd/)

- [Biography by Deirdre Griswold at the Workers World Party website](http://www.workers.org/marcy/cd/samtrib/marcybio.htm)

- ["Sam Marcy, an apologist for bureaucracy"](http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/1998/02/marc-f13.html) Obituary by Fred Mazelis on the *[World Socialist Web Site](/source/World_Socialist_Web_Site)*

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Sam Marcy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Marcy) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Marcy?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.