# Sam Higginbottom
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{{Short description|British missionary (1874–1958)}}
{{About|the American missionary|the British politician|Samuel Higginbottom|the American businessman|Samuel L. Higginbottom}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Sam Higginbottom
| image = Sam_Higginbottom.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1874|10|27}}
| birth_place = [Manchester](/source/Manchester), [England](/source/England)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1958|7|11|1874|9|27}}
| death_place = [Frostproof, Florida](/source/Frostproof%2C_Florida), [U.S.](/source/U.S.)
| field = [Agricultural economics](/source/Agricultural_economics)
[Rural sociology](/source/Rural_sociology)
| work_institutions = [Ewing Christian College](/source/Ewing_Christian_College)
[Allahabad Agricultural Institute](/source/Allahabad_Agricultural_Institute)
| alma_mater = [Princeton University](/source/Princeton_University)
[Ohio State University](/source/Ohio_State_University)
| native_name =
| spouse = Jane Ethelind Cody
}}
'''Samuel Higginbottom''' (27 October 1874 – 11 June 1958) was an English-born Christian [missionary](/source/missionary) in [Allahabad](/source/Allahabad) (now [Prayagraj](/source/Prayagraj)), India, where he founded the [Allahabad Agricultural Institute](/source/Allahabad_Agricultural_Institute). Higginbottom was born in [Manchester](/source/Manchester), England.[[http://shiats.edu.in/history.asp History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114090857/http://www.shiats.edu.in/history.asp |date=14 November 2016 }}, Allahabad Agricultural Institute website]
==Early life==
Higginbottom was born in [Manchester](/source/Manchester), England in 1874, his mother being Welsh and his father, English. When he was a child, the family moved to [Ty'n-y-Groes](/source/Ty'n-y-Groes) and then [Llandudno](/source/Llandudno) in North Wales. His Welsh-speaking mother attended the Rehoboth Welsh Calvinistic Methodist chapel in Llandudno, while Sam was brought up the English-speaking [Presbyterian Church of Wales](/source/Presbyterian_Church_of_Wales). It was here he became a [communicant](/source/communicant) under the ministry of Revd C.T. Astley.[
Sam left school early and working at different times as a [butcher's boy](/source/butcher), [cab driver](/source/cab_driver), and milk deliverer.][ However, he had a strong youthful interest in the Christian gospel, and resolved to become a preacher or missionary.][
Higginbottom left Llandudno aged twenty for the United States of America. He attended [Mount Hermon School](/source/Northfield_Mount_Hermon_School) in [Massachusetts](/source/Massachusetts) from 1894 to 1899.][ He continued his education at [Amherst College](/source/Amherst_College) and [Princeton University](/source/Princeton_University) in the United States, receiving a [bachelor's degree](/source/bachelor's_degree) from Princeton in 1903.][{{cite book |last=Rees |first=David Benjamin |author-link=David Benjamin Rees |title=Vehicles of Grace and Hope: Welsh Missionaries in India 1800-1970 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8rMKm-Ee1dYC&q=Sam+Higginbottom+-institute&pg=PA59 |year=2002 |publisher=[William Carey Library](/source/William_Carey_Library) |isbn= 9780878085057|page=59}}][{{cite journal|title=Sam Higginbottom. An Appreciation| journal=Indian Farming| volume=5| issue=10| pages=446–448| year=1944|author=[J.N.W.]}}]
==Work in India==
thumb|left|Sam Higginbottom with his wife and three children, from a 1914 publication
On the recommendation of Henry Forman, Higginbottom arrived in India in 1903 as part of the North India Mission of the [Presbyterian](/source/Presbyterian) Church.[[http://www.aaidu.org/history.htm Dr. Sam Higginbottom (1874-1958)], Allahabad Agricultural Institute website.] From then until 1909 he taught economics and science in Allahabad Christian College (now [Ewing Christian College](/source/Ewing_Christian_College)).[ In 1904 he married Jane Ethelind Cody, of [Cleveland, Ohio](/source/Cleveland%2C_Ohio), who joined him in his work.][[https://web.archive.org/web/20121023145230/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,800711-1,00.html Padre Sahib], ''[Time magazine](/source/Time_magazine)'', 19 September 1949] They had five children together.[
In 1909, he returned to the United States and spent three years studying agriculture at [Ohio State University](/source/Ohio_State_University), after which he went back to Allahabad, to teach scientific methods of farming.][ His educational programs grew into the founding of [Allahabad Agricultural Institute](/source/Allahabad_Agricultural_Institute) in 1919. In 2009, [Allahabad Agricultural Institute](/source/Allahabad_Agricultural_Institute) was rechristened as [Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences](/source/Sam_Higginbottom_University_of_Agriculture%2C_Technology_and_Sciences) ([SHUATS](/source/SHUATS)) in honour of the founder.][{{Cite web |url=http://www.shiats.edu.in/notice_chName.asp |title=NEW NAME & Clarification |access-date=24 November 2012 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073453/http://www.shiats.edu.in/notice_chName.asp |url-status=dead }}]
Higginbottom wrote two books: a book about his work published in 1921 and an [autobiography](/source/autobiography) published in 1949. While in India, he developed close friendships with [Mahatma Gandhi](/source/Mahatma_Gandhi) and [Jawaharlal Nehru](/source/Jawaharlal_Nehru).[ He retired in [Florida](/source/Florida) in 1945. Higginbottom died in Frostproof, Florida at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Charles Coates.][{{cite web | url=http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03396.xml#subseries3 | title=A Guide to the Additional Papers of Sam Higginbottom and Jane Ethelind Cody Higginbottom 1844-1971 | publisher=University of Virginia Library | access-date=2 February 2019 }}]
== Collections ==
Higginbottom's papers are housed at the [Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library](/source/Albert_and_Shirley_Small_Special_Collections_Library) at the University of Virginia.