# Salticus

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{{Short description|Genus of spiders}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = 
| image = Edwards Salticus scenicus 01.jpg
| image_caption = Female ''[Salticus scenicus](/source/Salticus_scenicus)''
| image2 = Salticus austinensis on lichen cropped.jpg
| image2_caption = ''S. austinensis''
| taxon = Salticus
| authority = [Latreille](/source/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille), 1804<ref name=wsc />
| type_species = ''[Salticus scenicus](/source/Salticus_scenicus)''
| type_species_authority = ([Clerck](/source/Carl_Alexander_Clerck), 1757)<ref name=wsc />
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text.
| synonyms = ''[Attus](/source/Attus)''
}}

'''''Salticus''''' (from Latin “''saltus''” – leap or jump<ref name="latin" />) is a [genus](/source/genus_(biology)) of the family [Salticidae](/source/Salticidae) (the jumping spiders). ''Salticus'' is the type genus for the family Salticidae.<ref name="edwards2011" />

==Description==

left|thumb|Male ''Salticus'' spider resting his pedipalps on his chelicerae

Coloration is determined by various scales (modified setae) covering a brown or black integument. Narrow scales (or hairs) may be black or red/rust colored, while broad scales are either iridescent (often magenta or green) or opaque granular white or yellow.<ref name="hill1979" />

alt=Salticus palpalis male|left|thumb|A mature male ''Salticus palpalis'' from Arizona, US.

Several common species have a dorsal pattern of black narrow scales and white granular scales arranged in transverse stripes, especially on the [abdomen](/source/Spider_anatomy), from which the common name “zebra spiders” originates, e.g. Holarctic ''[Salticus scenicus](/source/Zebra_spider)'' ([Clerck](/source/Carl_Alexander_Clerck), 1757). Some ''Salticus'' species in the Southwestern US and Mexico have red and white transverse stripes on the abdomen, e.g. ''Salticus palpalis'' ([Banks](/source/Nathan_Banks), 1904). Some lack the “zebra” stripes completely and have both dorsal abdomen and [cephalothorax](/source/Spider_anatomy) covered with iridescent scales, e.g. ''[Salticus peckhamae](/source/Salticus_peckhamae)'' (Cockerell, 1897).<ref name="peckham1909" /> Since the dorsal coloration does not seem to be involved in the male's courtship display the coloration may have been selected for camouflage or [mimicry](/source/mimicry). For example, there is a strong similarity between ''S. palpalis'' and ''[Agapostemon](/source/Agapostemon)'' sweat bees.<ref name="cowles2018" />

''Salticus'' species range in length from 3-7 mm.<ref name="peckham1909" /><ref name="bellmann2011" /> Males are smaller than females, but have elongated [chelicerae](/source/chelicerae) and [pedipalp](/source/pedipalp)s.

==Habits==
Like most Salticidae, they prefer open, sunny habitats. They are often found on vertical surfaces including man-made structures such as walls and fences or natural such as tree trunks. They are commonly found near water, where they feast on emergent aquatic [gnat](/source/gnat)s and other insects. One study recorded dipterans as 70% of prey items.[http://britishspiders.org.uk/bulletin/130406.pdf] ''Salticus'' species have been observed preying on insects several times their body size.

==Distribution==
This genus has at least one species recorded from every continent except Antarctica. One common species, ''S. scenicus'', is a widely distributed [Holarctic](/source/Holarctic) species associated with human habitations. ''S. scenicus'' has the second most jumping spider observations on [iNaturalist](/source/iNaturalist). Most other ''Salticus'' species have a more restricted distribution. Two areas with high species diversity are the Southwestern portion of the United States (into Mexico) and the [Mediterranean](/source/Mediterranean_Sea). Four species have been recorded from the [Canary Islands](/source/Canary_Islands)

==Species==
thumb|thumbtime=42|''Salticus cingulatus''

{{as of|2025|10}}, this genus includes 45 species:<ref name="wsc" />
{{Div col}}
* ''[Salticus afghanicus](/source/Salticus_afghanicus)'' <small>[Logunov](/source/%3Aspecies%3ADmitri_V._Logunov) & Zamanpoore, 2005</small> – [Afghanistan](/source/Afghanistan)
* ''[Salticus aiderensis](/source/Salticus_aiderensis)'' <small>Logunov & Rakov, 1998</small> – [Turkmenistan](/source/Turkmenistan)
* ''[Salticus alegranzaensis](/source/Salticus_alegranzaensis)'' <small>[Wunderlich](/source/J%C3%B6rg_Wunderlich), 1995</small> – [Canary Islands](/source/Canary_Islands)
* ''[Salticus annulatus](/source/Salticus_annulatus)'' <small>(Giebel, 1870)</small> – [South Africa](/source/South_Africa)
* ''[Salticus austinensis](/source/Salticus_austinensis)'' <small>[Gertsch](/source/Willis_J._Gertsch), 1936</small> – [United States](/source/United_States), [Mexico](/source/Mexico), Central America
* ''[Salticus beneficus](/source/Salticus_beneficus)'' <small>([O. Pickard-Cambridge](/source/Octavius_Pickard-Cambridge), 1885)</small> – [India](/source/India)
* ''[Salticus bonaerensis](/source/Salticus_bonaerensis)'' <small>Holmberg, 1876</small> – [Argentina](/source/Argentina)
* ''[Salticus brasiliensis](/source/Salticus_brasiliensis)'' <small>[Lucas](/source/Hippolyte_Lucas), 1833</small> – [Brazil](/source/Brazil)
* ''[Salticus canariensis](/source/Salticus_canariensis)'' <small>Wunderlich, 1987</small> – Canary Islands
* ''[Salticus cingulatus](/source/Salticus_cingulatus)'' <small>(Panzer, 1797)</small> – Europe, [Turkey](/source/Turkey), [Russia](/source/Russia) (Europe to Far East), [Kazakhstan](/source/Kazakhstan), [Mongolia](/source/Mongolia)
* ''[Salticus confusus](/source/Salticus_confusus)'' <small>Lucas, 1846</small> – [Portugal](/source/Portugal), [Spain](/source/Spain), [France](/source/France) (Corsica), [Bulgaria](/source/Bulgaria), [Greece](/source/Greece) (Crete), [Morocco](/source/Morocco), [Algeria](/source/Algeria)
* ''[Salticus conjonctus](/source/Salticus_conjonctus)'' <small>([Simon](/source/Eug%C3%A8ne_Simon), 1868)</small> – Spain, France, [Italy](/source/Italy)
* ''[Salticus coronatus](/source/Salticus_coronatus)'' <small>(Camboué, 1887)</small> – [Madagascar](/source/Madagascar)
* ''[Salticus devotus](/source/Salticus_devotus)'' <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885)</small> – [Pakistan](/source/Pakistan)
* ''[Salticus dzhungaricus](/source/Salticus_dzhungaricus)'' <small>Logunov, 1992</small> – Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan
* ''[Salticus falcarius](/source/Salticus_falcarius)'' <small>([Hentz](/source/Nicholas_Marcellus_Hentz), 1846)</small> – United States
* ''[Salticus flavicruris](/source/Salticus_flavicruris)'' <small>(Rainbow, 1897)</small> – [Australia](/source/Australia) (New South Wales)
* ''[Salticus gomerensis](/source/Salticus_gomerensis)'' <small>Wunderlich, 1987</small> – Canary Islands
* ''[Salticus insperatus](/source/Salticus_insperatus)'' <small>Logunov, 2009</small> – [Iran](/source/Iran)
* ''[Salticus iteacus](/source/Salticus_iteacus)'' <small>Metzner, 1999</small> – Greece
* ''[Salticus jugularis](/source/Salticus_jugularis)'' <small>Simon, 1900</small> – Australia (Queensland)
* ''[Salticus karakumensis](/source/Salticus_karakumensis)'' <small>Logunov & Ponomarev, 2020</small> – Turkmenistan
* ''[Salticus kraali](/source/Salticus_kraali)'' <small>([Thorell](/source/Tamerlan_Thorell), 1878)</small> – [Indonesia](/source/Indonesia) (Ambon)
* ''[Salticus latidentatus](/source/Salticus_latidentatus)'' <small>[Roewer](/source/Carl_Friedrich_Roewer), 1951</small> – Russia (South Siberia, Far East), Mongolia, [China](/source/China), [Japan](/source/Japan)
* ''[Salticus lucasi](/source/Salticus_lucasi)'' <small>Zamani, Hosseini & Moradmand, 2020</small> – Iran
* ''[Salticus major](/source/Salticus_major)'' <small>(Simon, 1868)</small> – Portugal, Spain, France
* ''[Salticus meticulosus](/source/Salticus_meticulosus)'' <small>Lucas, 1846</small> – Algeria
* ''[Salticus modicus](/source/Salticus_modicus)'' <small>(Simon, 1875)</small> – France
* ''[Salticus mutabilis](/source/Salticus_mutabilis)'' <small>Lucas, 1846</small> – [Macaronesia](/source/Macaronesia), Europe, North Africa, Turkey, [Caucasus](/source/Caucasus). Introduced to Argentina
* ''[Salticus noordami](/source/Salticus_noordami)'' <small>Metzner, 1999</small> – Greece, Turkey, [Cyprus](/source/Cyprus), [Israel](/source/Israel), Iran
* ''[Salticus palpalis](/source/Salticus_palpalis)'' <small>([Banks](/source/Nathan_Banks), 1904)</small> – United States, Mexico
* ''[Salticus paludivagus](/source/Salticus_paludivagus)'' <small>Lucas, 1846</small> – Algeria
* ''[Salticus peckhamae](/source/Salticus_peckhamae)'' <small>(Cockerell, 1897)</small> – United States
* ''[Salticus perogaster](/source/Salticus_perogaster)'' <small>(Thorell, 1881)</small> – [Papua New Guinea](/source/Papua_New_Guinea) (Yule Is.)
* ''[Salticus propinquus](/source/Salticus_propinquus)'' <small>Lucas, 1846</small> – Mediterranean
* ''[Salticus proszynskii](/source/Salticus_proszynskii)'' <small>Logunov, 1992</small> – [Kyrgyzstan](/source/Kyrgyzstan), Kazakhstan
* ''[Salticus ravus](/source/Salticus_ravus)'' <small>([Bösenberg](/source/%3Aspecies%3AFriedrich_Wilhelm_B%C3%B6senberg), 1895)</small> – Canary Islands
* ''[Salticus ressli](/source/Salticus_ressli)'' <small>Logunov, 2015</small> – Turkey
* ''[Salticus scenicus](/source/Salticus_scenicus)'' <small>([Clerck](/source/Carl_Alexander_Clerck), 1757)</small> – North America, Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East), Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Iran (type species)
* ''[Salticus scitulus](/source/Salticus_scitulus)'' <small>(Simon, 1868)</small> – France (Corsica)
* ''[Salticus tricinctus](/source/Salticus_tricinctus)'' <small>([C. L. Koch](/source/Carl_Ludwig_Koch), 1846)</small> – Mediterranean to Central Asia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan
* ''[Salticus turkmenicus](/source/Salticus_turkmenicus)'' <small>Logunov & Rakov, 1998</small> – Turkmenistan
* ''[Salticus unciger](/source/Salticus_unciger)'' <small>(Simon, 1868)</small> – France, [Switzerland](/source/Switzerland), Italy, [Malta](/source/Malta), [Slovenia](/source/Slovenia), [Albania](/source/Albania)
* ''[Salticus unicolor](/source/Salticus_unicolor)'' <small>(Simon, 1868)</small> – [Slovakia](/source/Slovakia), [Hungary](/source/Hungary), Bulgaria, Greece
* ''[Salticus zebraneus](/source/Salticus_zebraneus)'' <small>(C. L. Koch, 1837)</small> – Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe, Caucasus), Iran
{{Div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
  <ref name="wsc">{{cite web | url=https://wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/2941 | title=Gen. ''Salticus'' Latreille, 1804 | publisher=World Spider Catalog  | doi=10.24436/2 | accessdate=2025-10-17}}</ref>
  <ref name="peckham1909">{{Cite book |last=Peckham |first=George Williams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VkwbAAAAYAAJ&q=peckham+1909&pg=PA355 |title=Revision of the Attidae of North America |date=1909 |publisher=Democrat Printing Company, State Printer |language=en}}</ref>
  <ref name="latin">{{Cite web |title=Latin Definition for: saltus, saltus (ID: 33976) - Latin Dictionary and Grammar Resources - Latdict |url=https://latin-dictionary.net/definition/33976/saltus-saltus |access-date=2020-07-18 |website=latin-dictionary.net}}</ref>
  <ref name="edwards2011">{{Cite journal |last=Edwards |first=G.B. |date=2011 |title=A review of the type designations of the genus Salticus Latreille, genus Attus Walckenaer, and the family Salticidae Blackwall (Arachnida: Araneae), with special reference to historical connections with the Genus Myrmarachne MacLeay |url=https://peckhamia.com/peckhamia/PECKHAMIA_93.1.pdf |journal=Peckhamia |volume=93 |issue=1 |pages=1–11}}</ref>
  <ref name="hill1979">{{Cite journal |last=HILL |first=DAVID EDWIN |date=1979 |title=The scales of salticid spiders |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=193–218 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1979.tb01091.x |issn=0024-4082}}</ref>
  <ref name="cowles2018">{{Cite book |last=Cowles |first=Jillian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3GYDwAAQBAJ&q=amazing+arachnids&pg=PA7 |title=Amazing Arachnids |date=2018-06-12 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-17658-1 |language=en}}</ref>
  <ref name="bellmann2011">{{Cite book |last=Bellmann |first=Heiko |title=Nueva Guia de Campo de Aracnidos de Europa |publisher=Ediciones Omega |year=2011 |isbn=978-84-282-1558-9 |location=Barcelona, Spain}}</ref>
}}

==Further reading==
*Murphy, Frances & Murphy, John (2000): An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia. ''Malaysian Nature Society'', Kuala Lumpur.

==External links==
* {{inaturalist taxon}}
* Dr. Heiko Metzner's ''Worldwide Database of Jumping Spiders'' (includes descriptions, distribution maps, drawings/photos for most species listed in the ''World Spider Catalog'') [https://www.jumping-spiders.com]
* Video of ''Salticus scenicus'' [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uGLGJ1bjkQ]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1720738|from2=Q4818757}}

Category:Salticidae
Category:Salticidae genera
Category:Articles containing video clips
Category:Cosmopolitan spiders
Category:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Salticus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salticus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salticus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.