# Sadhora

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This article is about former settlement that is part of [Chernivtsi](/source/Chernivtsi). For an administrative division of Chernivtsi city, see [Sadhora Raion](/source/Sadhora_Raion).

**Sadhora** (Ukrainian: Садгора; German: *Sadagora*; Polish: *Sadagóra*; Romanian: *Sadagura*; Yiddish: סאדיגורא Sadigora, also **Sadagura** and **Sadiger**) is a settlement in [Ukraine](/source/Ukraine), now the [Sadhirskyi District](/source/Sadhirskyi_District) of [Chernivtsi](/source/Chernivtsi) city, which is located 6 km from the city center. Previously, it was an independent town.

## History

The settlement was established in 1770 by former [Saxon](/source/Saxony) and [Polish](/source/Poland) official of [Danish](/source/Denmark) origin and then commander-in-chief of the [Russian](/source/Imperial_Russia) army in [Moldavia](/source/Principality_of_Moldavia) and [Wallachia](/source/Wallachia), Baron [Piotr Mikołaj Gartenberg Sadogórski](/source/Piotr_Miko%C5%82aj_Gartenberg_Sadog%C3%B3rski), and named *Sadogóra* after him.[1] During the [Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774](/source/Russo-Turkish_War_(1768%E2%80%931774)), he established a [mint](/source/Mint_(facility)) in a formerly wooded area by a river to mint coins to make payments for his soldiers.[1] Beginning in 1771, the coins that were minted at Sadogóra displayed the coats of arms of both Moldavia and Wallachia on the same side. The mint was closed down at the end of the war, in 1774. The local Catholic church of Saint Michael was founded in 1778.[1] A chapel of the dissolved nunnery from [Revna](/source/Revne,_Chernivtsi_Oblast) was moved to Sadogóra in 1787.[1]

Sadhora is located in [Bukovina](/source/Bukovina), a region which was part of the [Principality of Moldavia](/source/Principality_of_Moldavia) until the 1770s when it was conquered by the [Habsburg monarchy](/source/Habsburg_monarchy), becoming part of the [Duchy of Bukovina](/source/Duchy_of_Bukovina) under the [Austrian Empire](/source/Austrian_Empire) starting in 1849, then becoming an Austrian "[crownland](/source/Crown_land#Austria)" from 1867 until the end of [World War I](/source/World_War_I), after which it was part of [Romania](/source/Romania) in 1918–1940. According to the 1930 Romanian census, the population was 63.1% [Ukrainian](/source/Ukrainians), 16.3% [Jewish](/source/Jews), 14.9% [Polish](/source/Poles_in_Romania), 4.0% [Romanian](/source/Romanians) and 1.1% [German](/source/Germans).[2]

## Jewish history

Main article: [Sadigura (Hasidic dynasty)](/source/Sadigura_(Hasidic_dynasty))

Sadagóra had a significant [Jewish](/source/Jews) community and it is important in the history of [Hasidic Judaism](/source/Hasidic_Judaism). Before World War I, the Jewish population numbered over 5,000.[3]

Rabbi [Yisroel Friedman](/source/Israel_Friedman_of_Ruzhyn), the [Ruzhiner Rebbe](/source/Ruzhin_(Hasidic_dynasty)), relocated his court to Sadagóra in 1842. In 1838 he had been accused of complicity in the death of two Jews accused of being informers and was imprisoned for two years by the Russian authorities. On his release he fled to [Chișinău](/source/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u), then to [Iași](/source/Ia%C8%99i) and other places before finally settling in Sadagóra in 1842, where he re-established his Hasidic court in all its glory.

The Ruzhiner Rebbe lived in Sadagóra for ten years, building a palatial home and a large [synagogue](/source/Synagogue). Tens of thousands of Hasidim frequented his court.[4] When he died at the age of 54 on 9 October 1850,[5] each of his sons moved to different towns to establish their own courts. His eldest son,[6] Rabbi Sholom Yosef Friedman, remained in Sadagóra to continue leading the court his father had founded, but died ten months later.[3] At this point, the second son[6] of the Ruzhiner Rebbe, Rabbi [Avrohom Yaakov Friedman](/source/Avrohom_Yaakov_Friedman_(first_Sadigura_rebbe)), assumed the mantle of leadership of the Sadigura Hasidim, becoming known as the first Sadigura Rebbe.[7] After his death, his second son, Rabbi Yisrael Friedman (1852-1907), succeeded him as Rebbe. He, in turn, was succeeded by his eldest son, Rabbi Aharon of Sadigura (1877-1913), and by another son, Rabbi [Avrohom Yaakov Friedman](/source/Avrohom_Yaakov_Friedman_(third_Sadigura_rebbe)), who escaped to [Vienna](/source/Vienna) with the outbreak of World War I in 1914 and established his court in that city for the next 24 years,[3][8] effectively putting an end to the once-flourishing Jewish community in Sadagóra . The remaining Jews of Sadagóra were decimated by the [Nazis](/source/Nazism) during World War II.[3] After the *[Anschluss](/source/Anschluss)* of 1938, the Sadigura Rebbe procured a visa to [Palestine](/source/Palestine_(region)), where he led his court in [Tel Aviv](/source/Tel_Aviv) until his death in 1961.[9] Today, Sadigura Hasidism is centered in [Bnei Brak](/source/Bnei_Brak), [Israel](/source/Israel).

## Geography

Historical population Year Pop. ±% 1869 6,009 — 1880 5,019 −16.5% 1930 8,968 +78.7%

[1][2]

Altitude (feet), 941

## Notable people

- [Aharon Appelfeld](/source/Aharon_Appelfeld), writer and novelist
- [Avrohom Yaakov Friedman](/source/Avrohom_Yaakov_Friedman_(first_Sadigura_rebbe)) (1820-1883), first [Sadigura](/source/Sadigura_(Hasidic_dynasty)) [Rebbe](/source/Rebbe)
- [Avrohom Yaakov Friedman](/source/Avrohom_Yaakov_Friedman_(third_Sadigura_rebbe)) (1884-1961), third Sadigura Rebbe
- [Yisroel Friedman](/source/Israel_Friedman_of_Ruzhyn) (1797-1850), Rebbe of [Ruzhin](/source/Ruzhin_(Hasidic_dynasty))
- [Yitzchok Friedman](/source/Yitzchok_Friedman) (1850-1917), first [Boyaner](/source/Boyan_(Hasidic_dynasty)) Rebbe
- [Yossele Rosenblatt](/source/Yossele_Rosenblatt), chazzan
- [Wojciech Rubinowicz](/source/Wojciech_Rubinowicz) (1889–1974), Polish theoretical physicist who made contributions in [quantum mechanics](/source/Quantum_mechanics), [mathematical physics](/source/Mathematical_physics), and the [theory of radiation](/source/Theory_of_radiation)

## References

1. *Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom X* (in Polish). Warszawa. 1889. p. 195.

1. *Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930* (in Romanian). Vol. II. Bucuresti. p. 120.

1. Meringer, Motty (31 August 2009). ["The Sadigur Chassidic Court"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150502102612/http://www.tog.co.il/en/Article.aspx?id=314). *Tog News*. Archived from [the original](http://www.tog.co.il/en/Article.aspx?id=314) on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2013.

1. Friedman, Yisroel. *The Golden Dynasty: Ruzhin, the royal house of Chassidus*. Jerusalem: The Kest-Lebovits Jewish Heritage and Roots Library, 2nd English edition, 2000, p. 15.

1. Assaf, David (2002). [*The Regal Way: The life and times of Rabbi Israel of Ruzhin*](https://books.google.com/books?id=ARUu1mbtwdIC&q=israel+friedman+of+ruzhin&pg=PA170). Stanford University Press. p. 170. ISBN 0804744688.

1. Friedman, *The Golden Dynasty*, p. 20.

1. Friedman, *The Golden Dynasty*, pp. 15–17.

1. Friedman, *The Golden Dynasty*, pp. 38–39.

1. Friedman, *The Golden Dynasty*, p. 45.

- [Leo Bruckenthal](/source/Leo_Bruckenthal). *Geschichte der Juden in der Bukowina* ("History of the Jews in Bukovina"), [Hugo Gold](/source/Hugo_Gold): Tel Aviv, 1962, pp. 98–105.

## External links

- (in Romanian) [Emisiuni monetare Sadagura](http://romaniancoins.ancients.info/sadagura.htm) ("Issuing of money in Sadagura"), includes images of the coins mentioned in the article.
- [Sadgora/Sadhora](https://www.rtrfoundation.org/webart/SADGORA.pdf) (pp. 418) at [Miriam Weiner's](/source/Miriam_Weiner_(genealogist)) [Routes to Roots Foundation](/source/Routes_to_Roots_Foundation).

## Further reading

- Weiner, Miriam; Ukrainian State Archives (in cooperation with); Moldovan State Archives (in cooperation with) (1999). ["Town Clips: Sadgora."](https://www.rtrfoundation.org/webart/SADGORA.pdf) *[Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories](/source/Jewish_Roots_in_Ukraine_and_Moldova)* . Secaucus, NJ: Miriam Weiner Routes to Roots Foundation. p. 418. ISBY 978-0-96-565081-6. OCLC 607423469.

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