# Sabetta

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{{Infobox Russian city
|en_name=Sabetta
|ru_name=Сабетта
|image_skyline=Tor icebreaker (2225296).jpg
|image_caption=Russian icebreaker ''Tor'' in the ice-covered port of Sabetta
|coordinates = {{coord|71.2733|N|72.0725|E|source:wikidata|display=inline,title}}
|federal_subject=[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug](/source/Yamalo-Nenets_Autonomous_Okrug)
}}

'''Sabetta''' ({{langx|ru|Сабетта}}) is the location of a port and liquified natural gas ([LNG](/source/LNG)) plant—[Yamal LNG](/source/Yamal_LNG)—on the [Yamal Peninsula](/source/Yamal_Peninsula), in the north of [Russia](/source/Russia) along the [Northern Sea Route](/source/Northern_Sea_Route), as well as a [shift settlement](/source/shift_settlement) for  "[fly-in fly-out](/source/fly-in_fly-out)" workers of the plant.

==Location==
The site chosen for the port is on the western shore of the [Ob estuary](/source/Ob_estuary), on the Yamal peninsula. It is close to, and will serve, the Yuzhno-Tambeyskoye gas field.<ref>{{cite news|title=Russian crisis money for Yamal|url=http://barentsobserver.com/en/energy/2015/01/russian-crisis-money-yamal-05-01|accessdate=12 January 2015|agency=Barents Observer|date=5 January 2015|archive-date=8 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108034856/http://barentsobserver.com/en/energy/2015/01/russian-crisis-money-yamal-05-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Project==
The port is a joint venture between [Novatek](/source/Novatek)—a large producer of natural gas—and the [Russian government](/source/Government_of_Russia). The groundbreaking ceremony was held in July 2012,<ref>{{cite web|title=Port of Sabetta|url=http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/-port-sabetta-yamal-peninsula-russia|website=Ship Technology|accessdate=12 January 2015}}</ref> but construction of the port itself was scheduled to begin in the summer of 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://barentsobserver.com/en/energy/2013/04/construction-sabetta-port-start-summer-17-04|title=Construction of Sabetta port to start this summer|accessdate=12 January 2015|agency=Barents Observer|date=17 April 2013|archive-date=16 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816063841/http://barentsobserver.com/en/energy/2013/04/construction-sabetta-port-start-summer-17-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> The project includes a large [LNG plant](/source/LNG_train), capable of producing 16.5 million tons of LNG per year. The port would allow LNG to be exported by sea, year round, from Siberian oil & gas fields. Construction of the LNG plant itself is contracted to JGC and Technip.

A 180&nbsp;km railway line is planned, connecting [Bovanenkovo](/source/Bovanenkovo) to Sabetta.<ref>{{cite news|title=More details announced for the Arctic Northern Sea Route expansion|url=http://siberiantimes.com/business/siberianexport/news/n0062-more-details-announced-for-the-arctic-northern-sea-route-expansion/|accessdate=12 January 2015|agency=Siberian Times|issue=16 December 2014|archive-date=13 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113224314/http://siberiantimes.com/business/siberianexport/news/n0062-more-details-announced-for-the-arctic-northern-sea-route-expansion/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In December 2014, amid the [2014–15 Russian financial crisis](/source/2014%E2%80%9315_Russian_financial_crisis), the Russian government gave a 150 billion rouble subsidy to the LNG project.

The port and first phase of the plant were opened  by [President Putin](/source/President_Putin) on 8 December 2017.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}

According to Novatek on 22 October 2019, the natural gas reserves in the [Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug](/source/Yamalo-Nenets_Autonomous_Okrug) represent 80% of Russia's natural gas and 15% of the world's natural gas supply.<ref name=Novatek20191022>{{cite web |url=https://www.novatek.ru/ru/press/releases/index.php?id_4=3507 |title=Пресс-релизы и мероприятия: Сообщение ПАО "НОВАТЭК" в отношении танкеров ледового класса Arc7 |trans-title=Press releases and events: Communication from PAO NOVATEK regarding Arc7 ice class tankers |work=[Novatek](/source/Novatek) website |location=[Moscow](/source/Moscow) |date=22 October 2019 |access-date=4 January 2020 |archive-date=22 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022164959/https://www.novatek.ru/ru/press/releases/index.php?id_4=3507}}</ref>

== Transportation==
[Sabetta International Airport](/source/Sabetta_International_Airport) {{airport codes|SBT|USDA}} is serving the city.

A [$](/source/USD)3.22 billion proposal for a railway project connecting Sabetta to the broader [Eurasian rail network](/source/Eurasian_rail_network) was approved in March 2017.<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=[The Diplomat](/source/The_Diplomat_(magazine)) |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/03/chinas-belt-and-road-enters-the-arctic |title=China's Belt and Road Enters the Arctic |first1=Heidar |last1=Gudjonsson |first2=Egill Thor |last2=Nielsson |date=March 31, 2017 |access-date=April 1, 2017 |quote=The proposed $3.22 billion railway connecting Sabetta Port to the Eurasian railway network was recently awarded Russia’s infrastructure project of the year.}}</ref>

==Shipping==
The port requires extensive dredging of channels; this is being performed by [DEME](/source/DEME) and [Jan De Nul](/source/Jan_De_Nul).<ref>{{cite web|title=Sabetta Port Project|url=http://www.deme-group.com/projects/sabetta-port-project |publisher=DEME|accessdate=12 January 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150306105209/http://www.deme-group.com/projects/sabetta-port-project |archivedate=6 March 2015}}</ref> Ice also poses serious challenges to shipping.

[DSME](/source/DSME) is building fifteen [LNG carrier](/source/LNG_carrier)s for the project.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dsme-beats-hyundai-heavy-in-shipbuilding-performance/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150802103806/http://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dsme-beats-hyundai-heavy-in-shipbuilding-performance/ |url-status=dead|archive-date=2 August 2015|accessdate=12 January 2015|work=Hellenic Shipping News|title=DSME beats Hyundai Heavy in shipbuilding performance|date=6 January 2015}}</ref>

As well as LNG exports, some goods imports are expected too; the port plan includes at least one berth for customs inspections of foreign ships.

In 2016 Chemical reactors were shipped from [South Korea](/source/South_Korea) through Sabetta, on its way to the Pavlodar oil refinery.<ref name=thebarentsobserver2019-07-31/>

Barges of grain will travel 2,000 kilometers down the [Irtysh](/source/Irtysh_River), to be transferred to freighters, for shipment to [Japan](/source/Japan).<ref name=thebarentsobserver2019-07-31/>

===United States sanctions beginning September 2019===
Following the [14 September 2019 attack](/source/2019_Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack) allegedly by [Iran](/source/Iran) on [Saudi Arabia](/source/Saudi_Arabia)n oil fields at [Khurais](/source/Khurais) and [Abqaiq](/source/Abqaiq) (''Biqayq'' in Arabic) during the 2019–2021 Persian Gulf crisis, the US imposed sanctions under [Executive Order 13846](/source/Executive_Order_13846) against several companies including Cosco Shipping Tanker (Dalian) Seaman and Ship Management Company Ltd and the Cosco Shipping Tanker Dalian (大連中遠海運油品運輸有限公司) which are two [Cosco Shipping Company](/source/COSCO_Shipping) subsidiaries that are supporting LNG shipments from Sabetta.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-usa/u-s-imposing-sanctions-on-chinese-entities-over-iranian-oil-pompeo-idUSKBN1WA1M6 |title=China criticizes new U.S. sanctions over Iranian oil deals |work=[Reuters](/source/Reuters) |date=25 September 2019 |access-date=4 January 2020}}</ref><ref name=kru0>{{cite news |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4103811 |title=США включили в санкционный список по Ирану китайские компании |trans-title=US includes Chinese companies on Iran sanctions list |language=ru |work=[Kommersant](/source/Kommersant) |date=25 September 2019 |access-date=4 January 2020}}</ref>{{clarify|date=December 2024}} 

As of late September 2019, the Joint Venture [TC LNG](/source/TC_LNG) between the Canadian firm [Teekay](/source/Teekay) and China LNG Shipping Ltd (CLNG) which has more than one third of Sabetta's LNG ice fleet, six ARC7 LNG tankers: ''Eduard Toll'' ({{langx|ru|«Эдуард Толль»}}), ''Rudolf Samoilovich'' ({{langx|ru|«Рудольф Самойлович»}}), ''Nikolay Yevgenov'' ({{langx|ru|«Николай Евгенов»}}), ''Vladimir Voronin'' ({{langx|ru|«Владимир Воронин»}}) all of which are operating, ''Georgy Ushakov'' ({{langx|ru|«Георгий Ушаков»}}) which is going to Sabetta after sea trials, and ''Yakov Gakkel'' ({{langx|ru|«Яков Гаккель»}}) which was at the time under sea trials at a South Korean shipyard.<ref name=kru1/> Also affected are five ARC7 tankers which [Dynagas](/source/Dynagas) will supply in a partnership between [Sinotrans&CSC](/source/Sinotrans_Changhang_Group) and CLNG (25.5% stake), as well as three ARC7 tankers from a joint venture between the Cosco subsidiary [Shanghai LNG](/source/Shanghai_LNG) and Japan's [MOL](/source/Mitsui_O.S.K._Lines) (株式会社商船三井).<ref name=kru1/> However, these former five and later three ARC7 tankers are not directly sanctioned but US [Office of Foreign Assets Control](/source/Office_of_Foreign_Assets_Control) (OFAC) rules require caution to be exercised in the former.<ref name=kru1/>

Of the fifteen ARC7 tankers operating out of Sabetta, only [Sovcomflot](/source/Sovcomflot)'s ''Christophe de Margerie'' is not affected by the 2019 sanctions. Although these ships have been serviced at [Honningsvåg, Norway](/source/Honningsv%C3%A5g%2C_Norway), this will be phased out and future LNG tanker shipments along the [Northern Sea Route](/source/Northern_Sea_Route) may occur between [Murmansk](/source/Murmansk) and [Kamchatka](/source/Kamchatka) in Russia coastal waters.<ref name=kru1>{{cite news |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4110332 |title=Российский СПГ атаковали рикошетом: Санкции США лишают "Ямал СПГ" трети флота |trans-title=Russian LNG ricochet attacked: US sanctions deprive Yamal LNG of a third of its fleet |language=ru |work=[Kommersant](/source/Kommersant) |date=1 October 2019 |access-date=4 January 2020}}</ref><ref name=ofacfaq>{{cite web |url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20190925 |title=Iran-related Designations; Issuance of Iran-related Frequently Asked Question |work=[United States Department of Treasury](/source/United_States_Department_of_Treasury) |date=25 September 2019 |access-date=4 January 2020}}</ref><ref name=eo13846>{{cite web |url=https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/126/13846.pdf |title=Executive Order 13846 (6 August 2018) |work=United States Federal Register Vol 83 No 152 |date=7 August 2018 |access-date=4 January 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200918200023/https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/126/13846.pdf |archive-date=18 September 2020}}{{dl|date=July 2024}}</ref>

On 30 January 2020, the United States lifted sanctions on Cosco Shipping Tanker (Dalian) and its TC LNG.<ref name=Novatek20191022/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4134135 |title=США сняли санкции с компании—владельца танкеров для "Ямал СПГ" |trans-title=US lifts sanctions on the company that owns Yamal LNG tankers |language=ru |work=[Kommersant](/source/Kommersant) |date=22 October 2019 |access-date=20 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/faqs/804 |title=Frequently Asked Questions. Iran Sanctions: Do sanctions on COSCO Shipping Tanker (Dalian) Seaman & Ship Management Co. apply to its corporate parent and affiliates? |work=[United States Department of Treasury](/source/United_States_Department_of_Treasury) |date=31 January 2020 |access-date=4 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pamuk |first1=Humeyra |last2=Gardner |first2=Timothy |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-usa-cosco-idUSKBN1ZU04I |title=U.S. lifts Iran sanctions on one unit of Chinese shipping giant COSCO |work=[Reuters](/source/Reuters) |date=30 January 2020 |access-date=4 January 2020}}</ref>

===After US sanctions===
In 2025, Yamal sent out 270 LNG shipments from Sabetta. Of these, 88 went to France, 57 to Belgium and another 50 to China.<ref>{{cite web |title=Report: Russia Faces Logistical Nightmare in Redirecting Yamal LNG to Asia |url=https://maritime-executive.com/article/report-russia-faces-logistical-nightmare-in-redirecting-yamal-lng-to-asia |website=The Maritime Executive |language=en |date=5 April 2026}}</ref>

==References==
<references>

<ref name=thebarentsobserver2019-07-31>
{{cite news     
| url         = https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/arctic/2019/07/ships-sail-down-great-siberian-river-deliver-shipments-grain-japan-arctic-route
| title       = Ships to sail down great Siberian river, deliver grain to Japan via Arctic route
| work        = [The Barents Observer](/source/The_Barents_Observer)
| author      = Atle Staleseen
| date        = 2019-07-31
| accessdate  = 2019-08-02
| quote       = It is not the first time that shipments are made on the Irtysh to Sabetta and from there further to Asian buyers. In 2016, two 600 ton heavy chemical reactors were sent from South Korea to Sabetta and from there up on the Irtysh to the Pavlodar oil refinery in Kazakhstan.
}}
</ref>

</references>

== External links ==
* [https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/06/10/design-oversight-leaves-580-million-hole-in-arctic-yamal-lng-port-project-a36343 The Moscow Times]: Design Oversight Leaves $580 Million Hole in Arctic Yamal LNG Port Project.
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190716132859/https://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/131285/russia-reveals-sabetta-port-construction-contractors/ World Maritime News]}}: Russia Reveals Sabetta Port Construction Contractors.
* [https://www.eurocheddar.com/economy-in-europe/ruslan-baisarovs-company-has-completed-work-on-the-yamal-seaport/ EuroCheddar]: [Ruslan Baisarov](/source/Ruslan_Baisarov)’s Company Has Completed Work on the Yamal Seaport.

Category:Ports and harbours of Russia
Category:Kara Sea
Category:Natural gas in Russia

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Sabetta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabetta) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabetta?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.