# Sabalan > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Sabalan > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Sabalan.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabalan > Source revision: 1356088495 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Mountain peak in northwestern Iran For the Iranian version of the M47M tank, see [Sabalan (tank)](/source/Sabalan_(tank)). For the village in Iran, see [Savalan, Iran](/source/Savalan%2C_Iran). For the Iranian frigate, see [IRIS Sabalan (73)](/source/IRIS_Sabalan_(73)). This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Sabalan Savalan Sabalan from a highway near Ardabil Highest point Elevation 4,811 m (15,784 ft)[1] Prominence 3,283 m (10,771 ft)[1] Ranked 66th Listing Ultra Coordinates 38°16′01″N 47°50′13″E / 38.26694°N 47.83694°E / 38.26694; 47.83694[1] Geography Sabalan Location in Iran Location Meshkinshahr, Iran. Geology Rock age 5.6–1.4 million years Mountain type Stratovolcano Last eruption Unknown, possibly Holocene. Climbing Easiest route hiking / scrambling **Sabalan** ([Persian](/source/Persian_language): سبلان) or **Savalan** ([Azerbaijani](/source/Azerbaijani_language): ساوالان [\[sævæ'lɒːn\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian))[2], also known as **Sultan Savalan**,[3][4] is an inactive [stratovolcano](/source/Stratovolcano) in [Iranian Azerbaijan](/source/Azerbaijan_(Iran)), particularly [Ardabil province](/source/Ardabil_province). At 4,811 metres (15,784 ft) above sea level, it is the third-highest mountain in [Iran](/source/Iran) and the [Alborz mountain range](/source/Alborz). A permanent [crater lake](/source/Volcanic_crater_lake) has formed at its summit. On one of its slopes around 3,600 metres (11,800 ft) there are large rock formations of eroded volcanic outcrops that resemble animals, birds, and insects. Map of summit region and glaciers of Sabalan. ## Etymology [Mosque](/source/Mosque) at Sabalan The mountain is referred to as *Sabalan* in Persian. It has been used variously across literary sources, especially Arabic ones, from the 10th to the 14th centuries such as in *[Surat al-Ard](/source/Surat_al-Ard)*.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] Sabalan is generally treated as the historically documented form of the mountain's name. The [local Azerbaijani](/source/Ardabil_dialect) name is *Savalan*, and likely a different pronunciation of the Persian *Sabalan*, though some sources claim it stems from the [Talysh](/source/Talysh_language) *Savalun* translating to "*snow-nest head*".[5] Some sources also claim the name *Savalan* comes from the Azerbaijani term *saval* (meaning *harsh*) and the suffix -an, due to the existence of [another place by the same name](/source/Savalan) in the [Qabala district](/source/Qabala_District) of Azerbaijan.[6] It has also been described as the "Qibla of happiness" in by Azerbaijani poet [Khaqani](/source/Khaqani) and "Sultan Savalan" by local Azerbaijanis.[7][8] ## Geography Sabalan is located on the border of [East Azerbaijan province](/source/East_Azerbaijan_province) and Ardabil province of Iran, largely being in Ardabil. The nearest settlement is the village of [Movil](/source/Movil), approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the summit. Located in the extreme northwest of Iran, it is the country's and the Alborz mountain range's third-highest peak after [Damavand](/source/Damavand) and [Alam-Kuh](/source/Alam-Kuh), and Azerbaijan's highest peak overall.[9] The mountain has a number of attractions. On the slopes of the mountain, the [mineral water](/source/Mineral_water) from [springs](/source/Spring_(hydrology)) attracts tourists each year, some of whom have faith in healing properties attributed to the springs.[10] There also is a ski resort nearby called *Alvares* and different tourist areas such as the [Sarein](/source/Sarein) spa. The mountain is known for its views, including the Shirvan gorge, where few climbers venture.[10] Crater lake of Sabalan The mountain is also visible from [Lerik](/source/Lerik_District), [Azerbaijan](/source/Azerbaijan).[11] ## Geology Sabalan is a large [andesite](/source/Andesite) stratovolcano in Meshgin Shahr, described as having a snowy peak,[12][13] in [Ardabil province](/source/Ardabil_province) in Iran. It is the second-highest volcano after [Mount Damavand](/source/Mount_Damavand). The volcano is quite old. Its first eruptions occurred in the [Eocene](/source/Eocene) and later in the [Miocene](/source/Miocene). But the main volcanism happened in the [Pliocene](/source/Pliocene) and the [Pleistocene](/source/Pleistocene) as some of its rocks have been dated to 5–1.4 million years. Some references state that volcanic activity continued into the [Holocene](/source/Holocene), less than 10,000 years ago. The summit region has several peaks exceeding 4,500 metres (14,800 ft), primarily along a southwest–northeast trending ridge. The highest point 4,791 metres (15,719 ft) is at the northeast end of the ridge and is separated from the 4,620 metres (15,160 ft)+ group of southwestern summits by a 4,190 m (13,750 ft) [col](/source/Mountain_pass). The mountain is located in a [continental climate](/source/Continental_climate) with hot, dry summers and extremely cold, snowy winters. Precipitation falls primarily as [snow](/source/Snow) in late autumn, winter, and spring, and is sufficient to sustain seven [glaciers](/source/Glacier) near the summit above 4,000 metres (13,000 ft). The largest of these were more than 1.5 kilometres (1 mi) in length as of the 1970s. There are also extensive [rock glaciers](/source/Rock_glacier), several of which are more than 3 km (2 mi) in length. ## Climbing Sabalan from Fandouqlu Forest The climbing surface includes rocks of various size (Class 2 [scrambling](/source/Scrambling)), and a moderate degree of fitness is required to climb it. The climb from the base camp starts easy, becomes challenging midway, then eases in gradient near the top. The lake on the top remains frozen except for about four weeks in late July to early August. Some climbers start by driving to [hot springs](/source/Hot_springs) of Meshgin Shahr, where they start their climb. This climb takes about two days, reaching the base camp on the first day. Others take a taxi to base camp early in the morning and climb the mountain in one day. In 2006, there was talk of improving the road to the base camp. If this is done, a regular car should be able to make it to the base camp during the climbing season. The road goes through multiple nomadic encampments of shepherds. One or two days of [acclimatization](/source/Acclimatization) in [Tehran](/source/Tehran) or [Ardabil](/source/Ardabil) may be advisable. [Mountaineering](/source/Mountaineering) has been popular among the youth in Iran. On a Friday during the [climbing](/source/Climbing) season (late June to mid-August), one may find hundreds of people on the mountain. Guides can also be found in Ardabil. Adequate climbing equipment can be purchased in Ardabil or Tehran. In 2025, 25 mountain climbers got lost while climbing the mountain due to heavy fog and shortly after rescued and brought back to safety.[14] Sabalan overlooking [Ardabil](/source/Ardabil) ## Symbolism Mountains around Sabalan Despite lying outside of the borders of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Sabalan (Savalan) is described as a very symbolic mountain for the [Azerbaijani people](/source/Azerbaijanis).[15][16] It is central to multiple quotes, such as *Sinəm Savalan dağıdır* (*my chest is Mount Savalan*),[17] poetry,[18][19] such as being used as a pseudonym by Hasan Majidzadah[20] and is present in multiple beliefs and folklores, such as "*the sacred mountain of Azerbaijan*".[4][10][16] The mountain has also become a symbol of [South Azerbaijani separatism](/source/Azerbaijani_separatism_in_Iran),[21] such as when a group of Azerbaijanis climbed it and portrayed themselves, singing poems with the [flag of Azerbaijan](/source/Flag_of_Azerbaijan),[22] or when former [Azerbaijani president](/source/President_of_Azerbaijan) [Abulfaz Elchibey](/source/Abulfaz_Elchibey) used it as a symbol for [Azerbaijani unification](/source/Whole_Azerbaijan).[23] The Azerbaijani children's show actor Sadiq Huseynov was nicknamed *Savalan Baba* (*Grandpa Savalan*).[24] It has mainly been tied to [Zoroastrianism](/source/Zoroastrianism), being described as the place where [Zoroaster](/source/Zoroaster) meditated, lived and "talked to God ([Ahura Mazda](/source/Ahura_Mazda))" at, which is why it's a sacred place in Zoroastrian mythology.[25][16][26][19] Some sources also claim that the [Islamic](/source/Islam) [Prophet](/source/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam) [Muhammad](/source/Muhammad) has talked about Sabalan.[19][27][28] The [Alvand-class frigate](/source/Alvand-class_frigate) [IRIS Sabalan](/source/IRIS_Sabalan) (of the [Islamic Republic of Iran Navy](/source/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Navy)) was named after the mountain in 1972. A plain on the slopes of Sabalan A tent used by local nomads near Sabalan Production of local Sabalan honey ## Surrounding area The area around Sabalan, particularly near [Meshkin](/source/Meshginshahr), Sarab city and [Ardabil city](/source/Ardabil),[29] produces large quantities of grain, including wheat. Due to the microclimate produced by the mountain, Ardabil remains pleasantly cool in the summers. The area is also suitable for cattle breeding and even produces its own kind of honey, the *Sabalan honey* (*ساوالان بالی*).[19][30] There are numerous hot springs around the slopes of Sabalan, with the main concentration within [Sareyn County](/source/Sareyn_County). There are skiing slopes, with snow even in near-summer. A [ski resort](/source/Ski_resort) named "Alvares" is within an hour's drive from [Sareyn](/source/Sareyn) on the south ridge of Sabalan. Mount Sabalan and Alvares ski piste seen from South ## Gallery - Arshoq Castle in [Meshgin Shahr](/source/Meshkinshahr) in foreground, Sabalan in background - Sabalan landscape at 4,100 m - Mount Sabalan - [Igneous rock](/source/Igneous_rock), Mr. Sabalan, [Iran](/source/Iran) - Sabalan from [Sareyn](/source/Sareyn) - Crater lake at night - Sabalan from [Arjaq](/source/Arjaq) - Shelter on Sabalan at 3,600 m ## See also - [List of mountains in Iran](/source/List_of_mountains_in_Iran) - [List of volcanoes in Iran](/source/List_of_volcanoes_in_Iran) - [List of Ultras of West Asia](/source/List_of_Ultras_of_West_Asia) ## References 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-peaklist_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-peaklist_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-peaklist_1-2) ["Iran: 54 Mountain Summits with Prominence of 1,500 meters or greater"](http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/iran.html) Peaklist.org. Retrieved 2011-11-21. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Taranov, Andrey (2012). *Turkish vocabulary for English speakers – 9000 words (American English Collection)*. T&P Books. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1780712925](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1780712925). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["قله سلطان ساوالان از تکله میدانی (1404.06.06) / sultan savalan summit from takleh square"](https://is.wikiloc.com/fjallaklifur-slodir/qlh-sltn-swln-z-tkhlh-mydny-1404-06-06-sultan-savalan-summit-from-takleh-square-229082097). *Wikiloc | Leiðir Heimsins* (in Icelandic). Retrieved 2026-02-14. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_4-1) ["Güney Azərbaycan ədəbiyyatında epik poema (2-ci yazı)"](https://www.xalqcebhesi.az/news/southazerbaijan/36415.html). *Xalq Cəbhəsi Qəzeti | Bütöv Azərbaycanın qəzeti* (in Azerbaijani). 2019-07-23. 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[JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [164018](https://www.jstor.org/stable/164018). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [162201104](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162201104). ([registration required](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Access_to_sources)) ## External links [Portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals): - [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Iran) - [Story of a climb to Mount Sabalan](https://web.archive.org/web/20060207002225/http://blogs.sun.com/roller/page/MortazaviBlog?entry=more_on_climbing_mount_sabalan) - [Hamed Tohidi's Blog about Mount Sabalan](https://web.archive.org/web/20110708013825/http://www.savalan.blog.com/) Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Sabalan](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sabalan). v t e Protected Areas of Iran National Parks Bakhtegan (IW) Bamou Bojagh (IW) Dayer-Nakhiloo Ghamishloo Ghatroyeh Golestan (BR) Kavir (BR) Khabr Khojir Kiasar Kolahghazi Lar Nayband Paband Salouk Sarigol Siyahkooh Sorkh-e Hesar Tandooreh Tang-e Sayad Khar Turan (BR) Lake Urmia (BR, IW) National Natural Monuments Alam-Kuh Damavand Sabalan Sarv-e Abarkuh Taftan Wildlife Refuges Amirkalayeh (IW) Bakhtegan (IW) Hamoon Miandasht Miankaleh (BR, IW) Robat Shur Selkeh (IW) Shadegan (IW) Shidvar (IW) Sorkhankol (IW) Touran (BR) Protected Areas Alvand Arasbaran (BR) Arjan and Parishan (BR, IW) Dena Dinar Kouh Gando (IW) Geno (BR) Hara (BR, IW) Haraz Heleh (IW) Jajrud Kabir Kouh Karkas Karkheh Kavir (BR) Koulak Manesht Mianjangal Mozaffari Siahkeshim (IW) Touran (BR) BR: Biosphere Reserve - IW: International Wetland (Ramsar Site) - All names as inscribed by the Department of Environment, Iran v t e Mountain ranges of the Iranian plateau and their political geography Aladagh Mountains Iran Turkmenistan Alborz Mountains Azerbaijan Iran Hindu Kush Mountains Afghanistan Pakistan Sulaiman Mountains Afghanistan Pakistan Taurus Mountains Syria Turkey Zagros Mountains Armenia Iran Iraq Turkey --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Sabalan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabalan) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabalan?action=history)). 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