# SS Norlom

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***Norlom*** was a [Design 1105](/source/Design_1105_ship) [cargo ship](/source/Cargo_ship) that was built in 1919 as ***Editor*** by [Skinner & Eddy Corporation](/source/Skinner_%26_Eddy_Corporation), [Seattle, Washington](/source/Seattle,_Washington), United States for the [United States Shipping Board](/source/United_States_Shipping_Board) (USSB), which became the [United States Maritime Commission](/source/United_States_Maritime_Commission) (USMC) in 1937. In 1941, she was transferred to the British [Ministry of War Transport](/source/Ministry_of_War_Transport) (MoWT) and renamed ***Empire Dunlin***. She was transferred to Norway in 1942 and renamed *Norlom*. She served until [2 December 1943](/source/Air_raid_on_Bari) when she was bombed and sunk at [Bari](/source/Bari), Italy.

## Description

The ship was built in 1919 by [Skinner & Eddy Corporation](/source/Skinner_%26_Eddy_Corporation), [Seattle, Washington](/source/Seattle,_Washington).[1] She was yard number 60.[2]

The ship was 402 feet 6 inches (122.68 m) long, with a beam of 54 feet 8 inches (16.66 m). She had a depth of 21 feet 1 inch (6.43 m) . She was assessed at , .[3] Her [DWT](/source/Deadweight_tonnage) was 9,698.[4]

The ship was propelled by a 510 [nhp](/source/Nominal_horsepower) [triple expansion steam engine](/source/Triple_expansion_steam_engine), which had cylinders of 24+1⁄2 inches (62 cm), 41+1⁄2 inches (105 cm) and 72 inches (180 cm) diameter by 48 inches (120 cm) stroke. The engine was built by [Hooven, Owens, Rentschler and Company](/source/Hooven,_Owens,_Rentschler_and_Company), [Hamilton, Ohio](/source/Hamilton,_Ohio).[3] It drove a single screw propeller and could propel the ship at 10.5 knots (19.4 km/h).[5]

## History

### Pre-war

*Editor* was launched in 1919,[1] and completed in September of that year.[2] She was built for the USSB.[1] The United States [Official Number](/source/Official_Number) 218887 and [Code Letters](/source/Code_Letters) LSTG were allocated. Her port of registry was [Seattle](/source/Seattle).[3] From 1921 to 1924, she served on the [Rotterdam](/source/Rotterdam), Netherlands – [New York](/source/New_York_City) route.[5] With the change of Code Letters in 1934, *Editor* was allocated KOBG.[6] *Editor* was transferred to the USMC in 1937.[7]

### World War II

#### SS Editor

*Editor* departed from [Houston, Texas](/source/Houston,_Texas) on 24 January 1941 for [Halifax](/source/Halifax_Regional_Municipality), [Nova Scotia](/source/Nova_Scotia), Canada, arriving on 5 February.[8] She loaded a cargo of scrap iron, "special cargo", steel and vehicles.[9][10] She was due to sail with Convoy HX 114, which departed on 11 March for the British port of [Liverpool](/source/Liverpool), [Lancashire](/source/Lancashire) but she did not sail.[11] Instead *Editor* departed on 20 March as a member of [Convoy SC 26](/source/Convoy_SC_26), which arrived at Liverpool on 8 April.[9][10] Her destination was [Manchester](/source/Manchester), Lancashire.[10]

#### SS Empire Dunlin

*Editor* was then transferred to the MoWT and renamed *Empire Dunlin*.[1] She was allocated the United Kingdom [Official Number](/source/Official_Number) 168161 and the Code Letters GNLL. Her port of registry was changed to London and she was placed under the management of J Billmeir & Co Ltd.[12] She departed from Liverpool on 25 May as a member of Convoy OG 63, which arrived at [Gibraltar](/source/Gibraltar) on 7 June. She detached from the convoy,[13] and sailed to [Philadelphia, Pennsylvania](/source/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania), arriving on 13 June. She departed that day and sailed to the [Hampton Roads](/source/Hampton_Roads), [Virginia](/source/Virginia), arriving on 14 June and remaining at anchor there until 2 August. *Empire Dunlin* sailed on that day, but returned to the Hampton Roads on 7 August. She again remained at anchor until 23 September, when she departed for [Sydney](/source/Sydney,_Nova_Scotia), [Cape Breton](/source/Cape_Breton_Island), Canada, arriving on 28 September.[14] Laden with a cargo of scrap steel, she departed the next day as a member of Convoy SC 47, which arrived at Liverpool on 20 October.[15] *Empire Dunlin* left the convoy at [Oban](/source/Oban), [Argyllshire](/source/Argyllshire), on the west coast of Scotland on 17 October. She departed two days later with Convoy WN 195,[14] which arrived at [Methil](/source/Methil), [Fife](/source/Fife) (on the Scottish east coast) on 22 October.[16] She left the convoy at [Kirkwall](/source/Kirkwall), [Orkney Islands](/source/Orkney_Islands) on 21 October, departing the next day to join Convoy WN 196,[14] which had left Oban on 20 October and arrived at Methil on 23 October.[17] She then joined Convoy FS 629, which departed the next day and arrived at [Southend](/source/Southend-on-Sea), [Essex](/source/Essex) on 26 October.[18] She left the convoy at [Hull](/source/Kingston_upon_Hull), [Yorkshire](/source/North_Riding_of_Yorkshire) on 26 October,[14] for repairs to collision and weather damage.[18]

*Empire Dunlin* joined Convoy FN 556, which had departed from Southend on 18 November and arrived at Methil on 20 November.[19] She then joined Convoy EN 9, which departed that day and arrived at Oban on 23 November.[20] She left the convoy at [Loch Ewe](/source/Loch_Ewe) on 22 November and then sailed to New York, arriving on 17 December.[14]

*Empire Dunlin* departed from New York on 4 January 1942 and sailed to Sydney, arriving on 8 January.[14] She then joined Convoy SC 64, which departed the next day and arrived at Liverpool on 23 January. She was carrying general cargo bound for London.[21] She left the convoy at Loch Ewe and sailed to Southend via convoys WN 235, WN 236, FS 712 and FN 631, arriving on 31 January.[14]

*Empire Dunlin* departed from Southend on 14 February as a member of Convoy FN 631, which arrived at Methil on 16 February. She then joined Convoy EN 49,[14] which departed on 20 February and arrived at Oban on 23 February. She was in ballast,[22] and left the convoy at Loch Ewe on 22 February. *Empire Dunlin* then sailed to Philadelphia, arriving on 18 March. She departed on 24 April and sailed to New York, arriving the next day.[14] On 26 April 1942, *Empire Dunlin* was on a voyage from New York to the United Kingdom with a cargo of steel when she ran aground on Valiant Rock, off [New London, Connecticut](/source/New_London,_Connecticut), United States. The ship developed a leak and was abandoned. She was refloated on 11 May and towed to New York for repairs,[23] arriving on 13 May.[24]

*Empire Dunlin* departed from New York on 25 August,[25] sailing to [Cape Cod Bay](/source/Cape_Cod_Bay), [Massachusetts](/source/Massachusetts), where she joined Convoy BX 35,[14] which departed from [Boston](/source/Boston) on 26 August and arrived at Halifax two days later.[25] Carrying general cargo and steel, she joined Convoy SC 98, which departed from Halifax on 29 August and arrived at Liverpool on 13 September.[26] She left the convoy at Loch Ewe on 12 September and joined Convoy WN 336, which arrived at Methil on 15 September.[14] She then joined Convoy FS 909, which departed the next day and arrived at Southend on 18 September.[27] She left the convoy at Hull on 18 September.[14]

#### SS Norlom

On 1 October,[23] *Empire Dunlin* was transferred to the Norwegian Government and renamed *Norlom*.[1] She was placed under the management of [Nortraship](/source/Nortraship). Her port of registry was changed to [Oslo](/source/Oslo),[28] even though Norway was [occupied by the Germans](/source/Occupation_of_Norway_by_Nazi_Germany). She departed from [Spurn Head](/source/Spurn_Head) on 27 October to join Convoy FN 850,[29] which had departed from Southend the previous day and arrived at Methil on 29 October.[30] She then joined Convoy EN 156, which departed that day and arrived at Loch Ewe on 1 November.[31] She sailed on to Oban, arriving that day and departing eight days later to join Convoy ON 144,[29] which had departed from Liverpool on 7 November and arrived at New York on 27 November. Her destination was Halifax,[32] where she arrived on 25 November.[29] Laden with general cargo, *Norlom* departed from Halifax on 15 December as a member of Convoy HX 219 destined for Liverpool[33] but left the convoy at Loch Ewe on 28 December and sailed to the [Tyne](/source/River_Tyne) via Methil, arriving on 1 January 1943.[29]

*Norlom* left the Tyne on 29 January to join Convoy FN 930,[29] which had departed from Southend the previous day and arrived back at Methil on 30 January.[34] joining Convoy EN 191, which departed that day and arrived at Loch Ewe on 1 February.[29] *Norlom* sailed the next day,[24] bound for [Iceland](/source/Iceland), where on 8 February she joined Convoy ON 165 from Liverpool and arrived at New York on 1 March.[35] On 17 February, a fault developed with her rudder when she was at [51°50′N 40°12′W](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=51_50_N_40_12_W).[23] *Norlom* was bound for New York, but put in at [St. John's](/source/St._John's,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador) [Newfoundland](/source/Dominion_of_Newfoundland), arriving on 23 February.[35] She departed from St. John's on 25 April as a member of Convoy JH 50, which arrived at Halifax two days later. *Norlom* then joined convoy XB 49,[29] which departed on 2 May and arrived at Boston two days later.[36] She left the convoy at the [Cape Cod Canal](/source/Cape_Cod_Canal) and sailed to New York, arriving on 5 May and departing the next day for [Baltimore, Maryland](/source/Baltimore,_Maryland), where she arrived on 7 May. She departed from Baltimore on 19 May and sailed to Boston via New York. *Norlom* was a member of Convoy BX 54, which departed on 26 May and arrived at Halifax on 28 May.[29] Laden with steel and general cargo, she departed from Halifax on 5 June as a member of Convoy SC 133, which arrived at Liverpool on 19 June.[37] She left the convoy at Loch Ewe and joined Convoy WN 433,[29] which sailed that day and arrived at Methil on 21 June.[38] She then joined Convoy FS 1148, which departed that day and arrived at Southend on 23 June.[39] She left the convoy at [Middlesbrough](/source/Middlesbrough), Yorkshire, arriving on 22 June.[29]

*Norlom* departed from Middlesbrough on 9 July to join Convoy FN 1068,[29] which had departed from Southend the previous day and arrived at Methil on 10 July.[40] She then joined Convoy EN 254, which departed on 11 July and arrived at Loch Ewe two days later.[41] She sailed on to Oban, arriving on 14 July and sailing the next day to join Convoy ONS 13,[29] which had departed from Liverpool on 14 July and arrived at Halifax on 29 July.[42] She then joined Convoy ON 193, which had departed from Liverpool on 16 July and arrived at New York on 31 July.[43] *Norlom* departed from New York on 5 August as a member of Convoy NG 378, which arrived at [Guantanamo Bay](/source/Guant%C3%A1namo_Bay), Cuba on 12 August. She departed that day with Convoy GAT 80,[29] which arrived at [Trinidad](/source/Trinidad) on 18 August.[44] She left the convoy at [La Romana](/source/La_Romana,_La_Romana), Dominican Republic on 14 August, departing eight days later for [San Pedro de Macorís](/source/San_Pedro_de_Macor%C3%ADs), where she arrived on 23 August.[29]

Laden with a cargo of sugar,[45] *Norlom* departed from San Pedro de Macorís on 25 August and sailed to Guantanamo Bay. She then joined Convoy GK 754, which sailed on 28 August and arrived at [Key West, Florida](/source/Key_West,_Florida) on 31 August. She departed the next day with Convoy KN 262, which arrived at New York on 7 September, departing two days later for Boston, from where she departed on 11 September as a member of Convoy BX 73, which arrived at Halifax on 13 September.[29] *Norlom* was a member of Convoy SC 142, which departed from Halifax on 15 September and arrived at Liverpool on 29 September,[45] although *Norlom* did not arrive until 30 September.[29]

Carrying a cargo of [coal](/source/Coal) and [lorries](/source/Lorry), *Norlom* departed from Liverpool on 27 October as a member of Convoy OS57 km, which split at sea on 9 November. Convoy OS 57 arrived at [Freetown](/source/Freetown), Sierra Leone on 27 October. She was in the part of the convoy which formed Convoy KMS 31 and arrived at Gibraltar on 10 November. *Norlom* was armed with a 4-inch or 4.7-inch gun and ten machine guns.[46] Passing Gibraltar,[29] she then joined Convoy KMS 31, which arrived at [Port Said](/source/Port_Said), [Egypt](/source/Egypt) on 21 November. Her destination was [Augusta](/source/Augusta,_Sicily), Italy,[47] where she arrived on 16 November. *Norlom* departed the next day with Convoy AH 9, which was bound for Bari. She left the convoy at [Taranto](/source/Taranto) on 18 November. She departed on 24 November for Bari, arriving the next day.[29]

### Loss

Main article: [Air raid on Bari](/source/Air_raid_on_Bari)

On 2 December, *Norlom* was in port at Bari when a large force consisting 105 [Junkers Ju 88](/source/Junkers_Ju_88) aircraft of the [Luftwaffe](/source/Luftwaffe) bombed the port.[48] The [Liberty ship](/source/Liberty_ship) [SS *John L. Motley*](/source/SS_John_L._Motley), laden with a cargo of ammunition, was hit and exploded. Another Liberty ship, the [SS *John Harvey*](/source/SS_John_Harvey) was carrying a cargo of US [mustard gas](/source/Sulfur_mustard) bombs, some of which released their contents.[49] A bulk fuel line was severed, and blazing fuel set fire to a number of ships, including *Norlom*, which sank.[48] In total, twenty-eight ships were sunk,[48] and six were damaged in the raid.[49] Of *Norlom's* crew of 32 and six [DEMS](/source/Defensively_Equipped_Merchant_Ships) gunners, three crew and a gunner were killed in the raid. Her first officer died on 14 December from injuries received in the attack. A sixth crewmember died after the war from the effects of the mustard gas.[23] *Norlom* was assessed as "possibly salvable".[50] Those lost on board *Norlom* are commemorated at the [Minnehallen](/source/Minnehallen), [Stavern](/source/Stavern), Norway. The ship was refloated in November 1946 and scrapped at Bari in 1947.[23]

## References

1. Mitchell, W.H. & Sawyer, L.A. (1995). *The Empire Ships*. London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. p. not cited. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.

1. ["Skinner & Eddy, Seattle WA"](http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/4emergencylarge/wwone/skinnereddy.htm). Shipbuilding History. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20111010150005/http://shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/4emergencylarge/wwone/skinnereddy.htm) 10 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["LLOYD'S REGISTER, STEAMERS & MOTORSHIPS"](https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/30/30b0357.pdf). Plimsoll Ship Data. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Norwegian Merchant Navy, Individual Ships, Photos and Facts"](http://www.dypevag.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/ships.htm#Norlom). Magne Dypevåg. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110716162324/http://www.dypevag.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/ships.htm#Norlom) 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 17 July 2010.

1. ["EDITOR"](http://www.ellisisland.org/shipping/Formatship.asp?shipid=2609). Ellis Island. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Lloyd's Resister, Steamers & Motorships"](https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/37/37b0264.pdf). *Plimsoll Ship Data*. PortCities Southampton. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["EMPIRE - D - E"](http://www.mariners-l.co.uk/EmpireD.html). Mariners. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Editor"](http://convoyweb.org.uk/ports/index.html?search.php?vessel=EDITOR~armain). *Convoyweb.org*. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Convoy SC.26"](http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/sc/index.html?sc.php?convoy=26!~scmain). *Convoy Web*. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["CONVOY SC 26"](http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/sc26.html). *Warsailors*. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Convoy HX 114"](http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/hx114.html). *Warsailors*. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["LLOYD'S REGISTER, NAVIRES A VAPEUR ET A MOTEURS"](https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/40/40b1066.pdf). *Plimsoll Ship Data*. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Convoy OG.63"](http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/ports/index.html?home.php~armain). *Convoy Web*. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Empire Dunlin"](http://convoyweb.org.uk/ports/index.html?search.php?vessel=EMPIRE%20DUNLIN~armain). *Convoy Web*. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Convoy SC.47"](http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/sc/index.html?sc.php?convoy=47!~scmain). *Convoy Web*. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

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1. ["Convoy FS.629 = Convoy FS.29 / Phase 7"](http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/fs/index.html?fs.php?convoy=0629!~fsmain). Convoyweb. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Convoy FN.556 = Convoy FN.56 / Phase 6"](http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/fn/index.html?fn.php?convoy=0556!~fnmain). Convoyweb. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Convoy EN.9 (Series 2)"](http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/en/index.html?en.php?convoy=9!~enmain). Convoyweb. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

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1. ["D/S Norlom"](http://www.warsailors.com/singleships/norlom.html). Warsailors. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["m.s. "NORLOM" (ex Empire Dunlin)"](http://www.warsailors.com/riksarkivet2/norlom1.gif). Warsailors. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Convoy BX.35"](http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/bx/index.html?bx.php?convoy=35!~bxmain). Convoyweb. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

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1. ["LLOYD'S REGISTER, NAVIRES A VAPEUR ET A MOTEURS"](https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/43/43b0708.pdf). Plimsoll Ship Data. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["NORLOM"](http://convoyweb.org.uk/ports/index.html?search.php?vessel=NORLOM~armain). Convoyweb. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Convoy FN.850"](http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/fn/index.html?fn.php?convoy=0850!~fnmain). Convoyweb. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Convoy EN.156"](http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/en/index.html?en.php?convoy=156!~enmain). Convoyweb. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Convoy ON.144"](http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/on/index.html?onz.php?convoy=144!~onzmain). Convoyweb. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Convoy HX.219"](http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/hx/index.html?hx.php?convoy=219!~hxmain). Convoyweb. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

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1. ["Convoy SC 133"](http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/sc133.html). *Warsailors*. Siri Lawson. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

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1. ["Convoy FS.1148 = Convoy FS.48 / Phase 12"](http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/fs/index.html?fs.php?convoy=1148!~fsmain). Convoyweb. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Convoy FN.1068 = Convoy FN.68 / Phase 11"](http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/fn/index.html?fn.php?convoy=1068!~fnmain). Convoyweb. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Convoy EN.254"](http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/en/index.html?en.php?convoy=254!~enmain). Convoyweb. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Convoy ONS.13"](http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/ons/index.html?ons.php?convoy=13!~onsmain). Convoyweb. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Convoy ON.193"](http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/on/index.html?onz.php?convoy=193!~onzmain). Convoyweb. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Convoy GAT.80"](http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/gat/index.html?gat.php?convoy=80!~gatmain). Convoyweb. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["CONVOY DV 142"](http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/sc142.html). Warsailors. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Convoy OS.57/KMS.31"](http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/oskms/index.html?os057.htm~osmain). Convoyweb. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

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1. ["Norlom (+1943)"](http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?154673). Wrecksite. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["Naval Armed Guard Service: Tragedy at Bari, Italy on 2 December 1943"](http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq104-4.htm). Naval History & Heritage Command. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20080112101131/http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq104-4.htm) 12 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

1. ["image from "the Norwegian National Archives""](http://www.warsailors.com/riksarkivet2/norlom2.gif). *Warsailors*. Retrieved 17 July 2011.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [SS Norlom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Norlom) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Norlom?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.