# SS Minnekahda

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Transatlantic liner

Postcard by R Schmidt of Minnekahda when American Line chartered her in 1921. History Name Minnekahda Owner 1918: Atlantic Transport Co, Ltd 1921: International Mercantile Marine Co 1922: Atlantic Transport Co of West Virginia Port of registry 1918: Belfast 1920: New York Route 1920: London – New York 1921–25: New York – Hamburg 1925–31: New York – London Ordered April 1913 Builder Harland & Wolff, Belfast Yard number 446 Laid down 1914 Launched 8 March 1917 Completed 21 March 1918 Refit 1921, 1926 Identification 1918: UK official number 136369 code letters JSLH 1921: US official number 220814 code letters MBVP 1934: call sign KDKK Fate Scrapped 1936 General characteristics Type Ocean liner Tonnage 1917: 17,221 GRT, 10,844 NRT 1921: 17,281 GRT, 10,208 NRT Length 620.5 ft (189.1 m) Beam 66.4 ft (20.2 m) Depth 47.3 ft (14.4 m) Decks 4 Installed power 1,831 NHP, 13,600 ihp Propulsion 3 × screws 2 × triple expansion engines 1 × low-pressure steam turbine Speed 15+1⁄2 knots (28.7 km/h) Capacity 16,000 tons of cargo, including 49,580 cubic feet (1,404 m3) refrigerated 1921: 2,150 3rd class passengers 1925: 750 tourist class passengers Troops 3,010 Sensors & processing systems submarine signalling by 1930: wireless direction finding

**SS *Minnekahda*** was a [transatlantic](/source/Transatlantic_crossing) [ocean liner](/source/Ocean_liner) that was launched in Ireland in 1917 and scrapped in Scotland in 1936. She was [laid down](/source/Keel_laying) in 1914 but the [First World War](/source/World_War_I) delayed her completion. Because of the war she was completed in 1918 as a [troop ship](/source/Troopship), and then worked as a [cargo ship](/source/Cargo_ship).

*Minnekahda* was not fitted out as a civilian passenger liner until 1921. She was refitted in 1926 to carry fewer passengers in more comfort. From 1931 she was laid up in [New Jersey](/source/New_Jersey).

*Minnekahda* was in the fleet of the [Atlantic Transport Line](/source/Atlantic_Transport_Line), which was part of the [International Mercantile Marine Company](/source/International_Mercantile_Marine_Company). She was registered in the [United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland) until 1920, and then in the [United States](/source/United_States).

## Building

[Harland & Wolff](/source/Harland_%26_Wolff) built *Minnekahda* in [Belfast](/source/Belfast) on slipway number 6 as yard number 446. She was laid down in 1914, but work on her was suspended after the First World War broke out that August. As the [Central Powers' U-boat campaign depleted Allied shipping](/source/Atlantic_U-boat_campaign_of_World_War_I), the need for replacement ships increased, and Harland & Wolff resumed work on *Minnekahda*. She was launched on 8 March 1917 and completed as a troop ship on 21 March 1918.[1]

*Minnekahda*'s registered length was 620.5 ft (189.1 m), her beam was 66.4 ft (20.2 m) and her depth was 47.3 ft (14.4 m).[2] Her holds could carry 16,000 tons of cargo,[3] including 49,580 cubic feet (1,404 m3) of refrigerated space.[4] As built, her [tonnages](/source/Tonnage) were 17,221 [GRT](/source/Gross_register_tonnage) and 10,844 [NRT](/source/Net_register_tonnage).[2]

*Minnekahda* was one of a series of Harland & Wolff steamships that were propelled by a combination of reciprocating steam engines and a [steam turbine](/source/Steam_turbine). She had three [screws](/source/Propeller). A pair of four-cylinder [triple expansion engines](/source/Marine_steam_engine#Triple_or_multiple_expansion) drove her [port and starboard](/source/Port_and_starboard) screws. Exhaust steam from those engines powered one low-pressure turbine that drove her middle screw.[2]

Harland & Wolff had used this arrangement first on [*Laurentic* (1908)](/source/SS_Laurentic_(1908)) for [White Star Line](/source/White_Star_Line), and most notably on the three [*Olympic*-class](/source/Olympic-class_ocean_liner) [ocean liners](/source/Ocean_liner). Between them, *Minnekahda*'s three engines were rated at a total of 1,831 [NHP](/source/Horsepower#Nominal_horsepower)[5] or 13,600 [ihp](/source/Horsepower#Indicated_horsepower)[6] and gave her a speed of 15+1⁄2 or 16 knots (28.7 or 29.6 km/h).[1][7]

[Atlantic Transport Line](/source/Atlantic_Transport_Line) [registered](/source/Ship_registration) *Minnekahda* at [Belfast](/source/Belfast_Harbour). Her UK [official number](/source/Official_number) was 136369 and her [code letters](/source/Code_letters) were JSLH.[2]

## British troop and cargo ship

*Minnekahda* in [dazzle camouflage](/source/Dazzle_camouflage), approaching New York on 4 December 1918 with 3,010 U.S. troops aboard

*Minnekahda* served as an armed [troop transport](/source/Troopship) during [World War I](/source/World_War_I), engaged in carrying troops from the [United States](/source/United_States) to Europe. In July 1918, she was involved in a [friendly fire](/source/Friendly_fire) incident. She departed [New York City](/source/New_York_City) on 21 July 1918 with 3,800 U. S. troops aboard as one of a convoy of five troop transports. In the predawn hours of 23 July, the [United States Navy](/source/United_States_Navy) [submarine](/source/Submarine) [USS *N-3*](/source/USS_N-3) was on the surface in the [Atlantic Ocean](/source/Atlantic_Ocean), charging her [batteries](/source/Electric_battery) in calm, hazy weather with bright moonlight, when she suddenly sighted one of the ships of the convoy at 02:55 at a range of only 1,800 yards (1,650 m). *Minnekahda* soon also appeared, headed straight at *N-3* and only about 200 yards (183 m) away. *N-3* immediately made a preliminary recognition signal by firing a green [flare](/source/Flare_(pyrotechnic)), then sent a recognition signal by blinker light. *Minnekahda* did not respond except to blow her [steam whistle](/source/Steam_whistle). *N-3*′s crew heard someone aboard *Minnekahda* order "Fire!" As *N-3* continued to flash the recognition signal by blinker light, *N-3*′s [commanding officer](/source/Commanding_officer) hailed *Minnekahda*, calling out "Don't fire, this is an American submarine!" At that instant, one of *Minnekahda*′s guns fired a 6-or-7.5-inch (152 or 191 mm) round (according to different sources),[8][9] and the [shell](/source/Shell_(projectile)) hit *N-3* forward at the [waterline](/source/Waterline), failing to explode but inflicting considerable damage and causing leaks. *Minnekahda* closed to a range of 50 yards (46 m), close enough for *N-3*′s crew to see men aboard *Minnekahda* and hear them receive an order to load. As *N-3* continued to flash the recognition signal, several men on *N3*′s deck yelled "Don't fire!" and "Don't shoot, this is the *N-3*!" Finally, someone on *Minnekahda* asked where *N-3*′s flag was. *N-3*′s crew immediately brought a [United States flag](/source/United_States_flag) on deck and shined a light on it. *Minnekahda* promptly ceased fire. The U.S. Navy [destroyer](/source/Destroyer) [USS *Preble*](/source/USS_Preble_(DD-12)), serving as one of the convoy's escorts, approached at [flank speed](/source/Flank_speed) as if to ram *N-3*, and *N-3* made recognition signals and backed at full speed, avoiding a collision with *Preble* by only a few feet. *N-3* hailed *Preble*, which stopped and sent a boat to *N-3* to assess her damage. *N-3* had suffered no crew casualties, but *Minnekahda*′s unexploded shell was found in *N-3*′s forward [superstructure](/source/Superstructure_(ship)), and *N-3*′s torpedo compartment was partially flooded. After pumping 2,800 US gallons (2,331 imp gal; 10,599 L) of [diesel fuel](/source/Diesel_fuel) overboard to lighten herself forward, *N-3* proceeded to port on the surface under her own power.[9]

*Minnekahda* repatriated [Allied](/source/Allies_of_World_War_I) troops after the [armistice with Germany](/source/Armistice_of_11_November_1918) that ended World War I on 11 November 1918. On 23 November 1918 she left [Liverpool](/source/Port_of_Liverpool) taking home 3,010 members of the [American Expeditionary Forces](/source/American_Expeditionary_Forces). She sailed in convoy with two other British troop ships, [*Lapland*](/source/SS_Lapland) and *[Orca](/source/SS_Calgaric)*, and an escort of [destroyers](/source/Destroyer). On the voyage one U.S. soldier aboard *Minnekahda* died of [pneumonia](/source/Pneumonia), which he caught as a secondary infection after contracting the [Spanish flu](/source/Spanish_flu). Atlantic storms slowed the convoy by 36 hours, and *Lapland* and *Minnekahda* reached New York on 5 December 1918.[10]

In February 1919 *Minnekahda* repatriated 12 [companies](/source/Company_(military_unit)) of the [United States Army](/source/United_States_Army)′s [329th Infantry Regiment](/source/329th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)).[11] On 16 January 1920 she left [London](/source/Port_of_London) on her final trooping voyage, crossing the Atlantic via [Halifax](/source/Halifax%2C_Nova_Scotia), [Nova Scotia](/source/Nova_Scotia), [Canada](/source/Canada), to [New York City](/source/New_York_City).[1]

On 27 March 1920 *Minnekahda* started service between London and New York as a cargo ship.[1] Her cargo included 17 tons of [gold bullion](/source/Gold_bar), worth $9,800,000, in her specie room. The bullion was from [HM Treasury](/source/HM_Treasury), as an instalment repayment of war loans. When she docked in New York on 7 April, motor trucks under armed guard met her to take the bullion to the [Federal Reserve Bank of New York](/source/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_New_York).[12]

[American Line](/source/American_Line) [chartered](/source/Chartering_(shipping)) *Minnekadha* for a single round trip from New York to London and [Hamburg](/source/Port_of_Hamburg) and back to New York that began on 17 July 1920. She began her last voyage as a cargo ship on 8 October 1920, leaving London for New York.[1]

## Immigrant liner

On 3 November 1920 Atlantic Transport Line changed *Minnekahda*'s port of registration to New York.[3] Her US official number was 220814 and her code letters were MBVP.[13]

[Bethlehem Steel](/source/Bethlehem_Steel) at [Fore River Shipyard](/source/Fore_River_Shipyard) in [Quincy, Massachusetts](/source/Quincy%2C_Massachusetts) refitted the ship[1] at a cost of $700,000 to carry civilian passengers. She was a one-class ship, with cabins of two, four or six berths. Public rooms included a lounge and a smoking room. *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)* reported her total capacity as 2,500 passengers,[14] but other sources give the total as 2,150.[1] Her tonnages were revised to 17,281 GRT and 10,208 NRT.[13]

*Minnekahda* in [American Line](/source/American_Line) colors, passing under the [Levensau High Bridge](/source/Levensau_High_Bridge) on the [Kiel Canal](/source/Kiel_Canal), probably in 1921.

*Minnekahda*'s first voyage as a passenger liner was another charter to American Line for a single round trip. She left New York on 31 March 1921, called at [Naples](/source/Port_of_Naples) and Hamburg, and returned to New York. On 21 May that year she entered regular Atlantic Transport Line service between New York and Hamburg.[1]

When *Minnekahda* docked in New York on 26 July 1922, a squad of 30 [US Customs](/source/United_States_Customs_Service) personnel searched her and inspected her disembarking passengers and crew. Her [Quartermaster](/source/Quartermaster#United_States) was found in possession of undeclared diamonds and other jewelry worth a total of $10,000, and was arrested on suspicion of smuggling.[15]

Many of *Minnekahda*'s westbound passengers were migrants from Europe to the United States. In one sailing from Hamburg via [Southampton](/source/Port_of_Southampton) to New York in October 1923 she carried 827 passengers, most of whom were German migrants.[16]

On 30 November 1924 *Minnekahda* ran aground off the German coast near Hamburg. After 2,500 tons of her cargo was unloaded onto lighters, and she was refloated by 3 December 1924. [Tugs](/source/Tugboat) assisted her to reach Hamburg.[17] Her final voyage from Hamburg began on 10 January 1925.[1]

## Tourist liner

In 1921 the [US Congress](/source/United_States_Congress) had adopted the [Emergency Quota Act](/source/Emergency_Quota_Act), which set quotas to limit immigration to the US from each country. In April 1924 it passed the [Immigration Act of 1924](/source/Immigration_Act_of_1924), which significantly reduced those quotas. In March 1925 Atlantic Transport Line announced that it would reduce *Minnekahda*'s passenger accommodation to 750 berths, all tourist class. The company changed her European port of departure from Hamburg to London, and announced that she would now bring British tourists to the US.[18] Her new route included a call at [Boulogne](/source/Boulogne-sur-Mer).[19] The return fare was £38 per passenger.[18] Her first voyage on her new route started on 24 March 1925.[1] In the 1925 tourist season she made ten round trips and carried 6,228 tourists.[20]

On 4 and 5 December 1925 on a westbound voyage from London to New York, *Minnekahda* encountered a "hurricane-force" storm that tore away 15 feet (5 m) of railing from the after part of her deck. On 8 December she docked in New York, and US Customs officers immediately came aboard and searched her. Her officers complained at the roughness of the search, turning passengers' luggage "topsy-turvy". The [Ship's Clerk](/source/Purser) said that Customs officers entered his cabin in his absence, threw his two suitcases on the floor and broke the locks.[21]

Although announced in March 1925, *Minnekahda*'s refit to 750 tourist berths was undertaken in the winter of 1925–1926, in Boulogne. A new boat deck was added to increase her promenade space, and her cabins and bathrooms were improved.[20]

On 25 September 1927 *Minnekahda* struck a submerged shipwreck a few miles outside Boulogne. The collision tore off part of her [bilge keel](/source/Bilge_keel), damaged six hull plates on her [starboard](/source/Port_and_starboard) side and broke one of the blades of her starboard propeller. [Admiralty charts](/source/Admiralty_chart) showed no known wreck at that position. [Trinity House](/source/Trinity_House) sent a [tender](/source/Lighthouse_tender) to mark the wreck with a [buoy](/source/Buoy) until it could be made safe.[22]

[RMS *Majestic*](/source/RMS_Majestic_(1914)), which in October 1927 took 500 passengers who had been booked to sail on *Minnekahda*

*Minnekahda* had been scheduled to embark passengers in London, and to leave on 1 October for New York. The sailing was canceled for her to be repaired, and her 500 passengers were transferred to [RMS *Majestic*](/source/RMS_Majestic_(1914)). *Minnekahda* resumed passenger service with a departure from London on 29 October.[22]

In 1929 *Minnekahda* began the tourist season by leaving New York on 6 April, bound for London via Boulogne. She carried only 240 passengers, but that was 75 more than she carried on a similar sailing in April 1928. From this the IMM predicted a successful season in the North Atlantic trade.[23]

In August 1929 the IMM reported that its business was thriving, thanks to the increasing popularity of tourist class travel. It announced that several ships had carried record numbers of passengers, including *Minnekahda* which carried 809 on a single sailing that departed on 29 June. IMM also stated that she carried a total of 1,932 passengers spread over three sailings, and this was a record for the IMM fleet.[24]

In a storm on a westbound voyage on 31 January 1930 a huge wave hit *Minnekahda*. It tore off part of the deck railing from her starboard side, damaged some of her [davits](/source/Davit) and carried away several of her ventilators. Several inches of water flooded her smoking room. Much of the rest of her voyage was also stormy. The ship reduced speed and reached New York on 5 February, two days late.[25]

By mid-1930 *Minnekahda* was equipped with wireless [direction finding](/source/Direction_finding).[26] On a westbound voyage on 19 July 1930 a young woman passenger jumped overboard. The ship stopped her starboard engine, turned around, and launched two lifeboats. One of the boats, commanded by her [Third Officer](/source/Third_mate), rescued the young woman and took her back aboard, where she was admitted to the [ship's hospital](/source/Sick_bay).[27]

On 12 August 1931 *Minnekahda* took part in the successful test of a [radio facsimile](/source/Radiofax) system. [General Electric](/source/General_Electric) transmitted a copy of the *Union-Star* newspaper of [Schenectady](/source/Schenectady%2C_New_York) by wireless to *Minnekahda* and the [United States Lines](/source/United_States_Lines) ship [*America*](/source/SS_Amerika_(1905)). Charles J. Young, son of the [RCA](/source/RCA_Corporation) founder [Owen D. Young](/source/Owen_D._Young), and Dr [Ernst Alexanderson](/source/Ernst_Alexanderson), invented the system. It took 15 minutes to copy a single page measuring 8+1⁄2 by 9 inches (220 by 230 mm).[28]

## Fate

On 12 October 1931 *Minnekahda* docked in New York, ending her final voyage from London. She was laid up first at Pier 52, and then moved to [Staten Island](/source/Staten_Island) for the winter. Throughout her ten-year passenger career she had the same [Master](/source/Master_mariner), [Captain](/source/Sea_Captain) Johan Jensen, who was born in [Denmark](/source/Denmark) and became a US citizen.[29]

By 1934 a new four-letter call sign KDKK replaced *Minnekahda*'s code letters and earlier three-letter call sign.[30]

By 1936 *Minnekahda* was laid up at [Hoboken, New Jersey](/source/Hoboken%2C_New_Jersey). That February she was sold for scrap. At first it was reported that Turner & Hickman of [Glasgow](/source/Glasgow) had bought her for $125,000,[31] but in mid-March it was reported that her buyers were WH Arnott, Young and Co. On 14 March she moved to the [Morse Dry Dock](/source/Morse_Dry_Dock_and_Repair_Company) in [Brooklyn](/source/Brooklyn) to be prepared for her voyage after four and a half years laid up.[32]

*Minnekahda* was re-registered under the UK flag[33] and embarked a UK crew.[32] On 14 April she left New York for Scotland[6] carrying a cargo of scrap iron.[32] On 29 April she reached Arnott, Young's yard [Dalmuir](/source/Dalmuir) on the [River Clyde](/source/River_Clyde) to be scrapped.[6]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-H&W_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-H&W_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-H&W_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-H&W_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-H&W_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-H&W_1-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-H&W_1-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-H&W_1-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-H&W_1-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-H&W_1-9) ["Minnekahda"](http://www.theyard.info/ships/ships.asp?entryid=446). *Harland and Wolff Shipbuilding and Engineering Works*. Retrieved 28 June 2022.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd's_Register_1917,_IIMIN_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd's_Register_1917,_IIMIN_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd's_Register_1917,_IIMIN_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd's_Register_1917,_IIMIN_2-3) [Lloyd's Register 1917, II](#CITEREFLloyd's_Register_1917,_II), MIN.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd's_Register_1917,_I_4-0)** [Lloyd's Register 1917, I](#CITEREFLloyd's_Register_1917,_I).

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1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-SAS_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-SAS_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-SAS_6-2) ["Minnekahda"](http://shippingandshipbuilding.uk/view.php?year_built=&builder=&ref=203335). *Shipping and Shipbuilding*. Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust. Retrieved 28 June 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarnack1930325_7-0)** [Harnack 1930](#CITEREFHarnack1930), p. 325.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** [Naval History and Heritage Command, *Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*: N-3 Accessed 26 March 2023](https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/n/n-3.html)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-proceedingsmistakenattacks_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-proceedingsmistakenattacks_9-1) [Doughty, Leonard, Jr., Lieutenant Commander, "Mistaken Attacks in the World War," *Proceedings*, October 1934.](https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1934/december/mistaken-attacks-world-war)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["Returning troops speed President"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/12/05/97048517.html?pageNumber=4). *The New York Times*. 5 December 1918. p. 4. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["$9,800,000 in gold here from England"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/04/07/96879230.html?pageNumber=18). *The New York Times*. 7 April 1920. p. 18. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd's_Register_1921MIN_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd's_Register_1921MIN_13-1) [Lloyd's Register 1921](#CITEREFLloyd's_Register_1921), MIN.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["Steerage liner inspected"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/03/31/98661612.html?pageNumber=24). *The New York Times*. 31 March 1921. p. 24. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["Customs men seize $10,000 in jewelry"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1922/07/27/99044985.html?pageNumber=31). *The New York Times*. 27 July 1922. p. 31. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** ["Minnekahda in From Hamburg"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1923/10/26/105933528.html?pageNumber=17). *The New York Times*. 26 October 1923. p. 17. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** ["Liner Minnekahda is Refloated"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1924/12/04/98810201.html?pageNumber=21). *The New York Times*. 4 December 1924. p. 21. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-NYT-1925-0320_18-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-NYT-1925-0320_18-1) ["Cheap trips on liner"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1925/03/20/101651384.html?pageNumber=40). *The New York Times*. 20 March 1925. p. 40. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["Minnekahda Now on London Route"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1924/12/21/101629176.html?pageNumber=22). *The New York Times*. 21 December 1924. p. 22. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-NYT-1926-0320_20-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-NYT-1926-0320_20-1) ["Tourist season opens"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1926/03/20/104202859.html?pageNumber=7). *The New York Times*. 20 March 1926. p. 7. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** ["Says Customs men broke into cabins"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1925/12/09/100034331.html?pageNumber=18). *The New York Times*. 9 December 1925. p. 18. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-NYT-1927-1015_22-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-NYT-1927-1015_22-1) ["Liner, Twice Warned by Vermonter of Mishap, Now Being Repaired After Hitting a Wreck"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1927/10/15/117998984.html?pageNumber=21). *The New York Times*. 15 October 1927. p. 21. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** ["Gain in travel expected"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/04/06/95905563.html?pageNumber=35). *The New York Times*. 6 April 1929. p. 35. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["Sets new record for third class"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/08/13/95988181.html?pageNumber=51). *The New York Times*. 13 August 1929. p. 51. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** ["Gale-beaten ships dock days late"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1930/02/06/95749436.html?pageNumber=17). *The New York Times*. 6 February 1930. p. 17. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd's_Register_1930MIN_26-0)** [Lloyd's Register 1930](#CITEREFLloyd's_Register_1930), MIN.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** ["Minnekahda's Lifeboats Picks Up Detroit Passenger After Fifteen Minutes"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1930/07/22/96911580.html?pageNumber=4). *The New York Times*. 22 July 1930. p. 4. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** ["Paper facsimile radioed"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1931/08/13/118221046.html?pageNumber=22). *The New York Times*. 13 August 1931. p. 22. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** ["Transfers Jensen to Baltimore liner"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1931/12/03/98084228.html?pageNumber=55). *The New York Times*. 3 December 1931. p. 55. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd's_Register_1934MIN_30-0)** [Lloyd's Register 1934](#CITEREFLloyd's_Register_1934), MIN.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** ["Wrecking Firm buys Minnekahda"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1936/02/26/88638435.html?pageNumber=43). *The New York Times*. 26 February 1936. p. 43. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-NYT-1936-0315_32-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-NYT-1936-0315_32-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-NYT-1936-0315_32-2) ["Events of interest in shipping world"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1936/03/15/88643873.html?pageNumber=159). *The New York Times*. 15 March 1936. p. 159. Retrieved 28 June 2022 – via Times Machine.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd's_Register_1935MIN–MIR_33-0)** [Lloyd's Register 1935](#CITEREFLloyd's_Register_1935), MIN–MIR.

## Bibliography

- Bonsor, NRP (1979). *North Atlantic Seaway*. Vol. 3. Jersey: Brookside Publications. pp. 1, 095–1, 096. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0905824024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0905824024).

- Harnack, Edwin P (1930) [1903]. *All About Ships & Shipping* (4th ed.). London: [Faber and Faber](/source/Faber_and_Faber).

- ["Part II.—List of vessels having a capacity of less than 80,000 cubic feet (if not holding Lloyd's R.M.C.)."](https://archive.org/details/HECROS1918SV/page/n335/mode/1up). *Lloyd's Register of Shipping*. Vol. I–Sailing Vessels, Owners, &c. London: [Lloyd's Register](/source/Lloyd's_Register) of Shipping. 1917 – via [Internet Archive](/source/Internet_Archive).

- [*Lloyd's Register of Shipping*](https://archive.org/details/HECROS1918ST/page/n678/mode/1up). Vol. II–Steamers. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1917 – via Internet Archive.

- [*Lloyd's Register of Shipping*](https://archive.org/details/HECROS1922ST/page/n841/mode/1up). Vol. II–Steamers. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1921 – via Internet Archive.

- [*Lloyd's Register of Shipping*](https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/30/30b0804.pdf) (PDF). Vol. II–Steamers and Motorships of 300 Tons Gross and Over. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1930 – via [Southampton City Council](/source/Southampton_City_Council).

- [*Lloyd's Register of Shipping*](https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/34/34b0571.pdf) (PDF). Vol. II–Steamers and Motorships of 300 Tons Gross and Over. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1934 – via Southampton City Council.

- [*Lloyd's Register of Shipping*](https://archive.org/details/HECROS1936ST/page/n566/mode/1up). Vol. II–Steamers and Motorships of 300 Tons Gross and Over. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1935 – via Internet Archive.

- [*Mercantile Navy List*](https://www.crewlist.org.uk/data/viewimages?&name=Minnekahda&steamsail=Steam&submit=Enter&year=1919). 1919 – via Crew List Index Project.

## External links

- ["Menu"](https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/c2466de0-c54b-012f-748d-58d385a7bc34?canvasIndex=0). [Atlantic Transport Line](/source/Atlantic_Transport_Line). 25 December 1926 – via [New York Public Library](/source/New_York_Public_Library). – Christmas Day dinner menu

v t e Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in July 1918 Shipwrecks 2 Jul: USS Covington 4 Jul: SM U-20 5 Jul: Columbia 12 Jul: Kawachi 14 Jul: SM UC-77, Djemnah, Waitemata 16 Jul: Garibaldino 17 Jul: Carpathia 19 Jul: Australien, USS San Diego, SM UB-110 20 Jul: HMS E34, Justicia, SM UB-124 24 Jul: HMS Pincher Unknown date: USS Oosterdijk, SM UB-65, SM UB-108 Other incidents 1 Jul: USS Covington 6 Jul: HMS C25 19 Jul: Justicia 23 Jul: HMT Boorara, Minnekahda, USS N-3, USS Preble Unknown date: San Jacinto 1917 1918 1919 June 1918 August 1918

v t e Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1924 Shipwrecks 10 Jan: HMS L24 16 Jan: USS Tacoma 11 Mar: Wyoming 19 Mar: Submarine No. 43 12 Apr: HMAS Australia 27 May: Tsugaru 7 Jun: America 17 Jun: Shogiku Maru No. 2 10 Jul: Iwami 25 Jul: Hizen 2 Sep: Aki 7 Sep: Satsuma 22 Sep: Clifton 23 Sep: Perun 1 Nov: Glenlyon 25 Nov: USS Washington 29 Nov: HMS Vernon II 12 Dec: USS Castine Other incidents 10 Jan: HMS Resolution 11 Jan: Rhenania 6 Feb: USS S-50 19 Mar: Tatsuta 7 Apr: HMS L25 8 Apr: Submarine No. 22 28 Apr: Spreewald 7 May: Bärenfels 16 May: Submarine No. 45 14 June: Submarine No. 62, Kongō 23 Jul: HMAS Brisbane 28 Jul: Bergensfjord 29 Jul: Submarine No. 24 23 Aug: Frederik VIII 31 Aug: Bardic 23 Oct: Port Nicholson October (unknown date): USS Trenton 2 Nov: HMS Venomous 27 Nov: Dieppe 30 Nov: Minnekahda 1923 1925

v t e Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1927 Shipwrecks 25 Feb: Artemis 11 Mar: El Sol 27 Jun: Craster Hall 5 Aug: Chiyoda, O-2 18 Aug: Hennepin 22 Aug: Prince Rupert 24 Aug: Warabi 21 Oct: Irene 25 Oct: Principessa Mafalda 28 Oct: Fortuna 3 Nov: Greycliffe 21 Nov: Georgia 7 Dec: Kamloops 17 Dec: USS S-4 30 Dec: Seneca Other incidents 29 Jan: Celtic 6 Mar: USCGC Seminole 11 Mar: Sac City 1 May: USS Colorado 2 May: Astoria 5 Jul: RMS Ebro 15 Jul: Veendam 24 Aug: Jintsū 25 Sep: Minnekahda 6 Oct: Domala 19 Oct: Irene 20 Oct: Irene, HMS L4, HMS L5 3 Nov: Tahiti 8 Nov: Catala 20 Nov: Pierre Chailley 27 Nov: Wahehe November (unknown date): Hougomont 12 Dec: Fylgia 16 Dec: Equity 17 Dec: USCGD Paulding 29 Dec: Galatée 29 Dec: J. A. Moffett Jr. 31 Dec: Consul Horn Unknown date: America Unknown date: Pelican 1926 1928

v t e Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1930 Shipwrecks 4 Jan: Edgar Quinet 17 Jan: Arctic 23 Jan: Monte Cervantes 1 Feb: Edgar F. Coney 11 Feb: München 28 Feb: HMCS Thiepval 29 Mar: HMS L1 10 Apr: St. Sunniva 21 May: Asia 25 May: City of Honolulu 13 Jun: Miss England II 26 Jun: John B. King 3 Aug: Akashi 17 Aug: Tahiti 24 Nov: HMAS Torrens 10 Dec: Empress of Scotland Unknown date: Baymaud, Half Moon Other incidents 10 Jan: Edward Luckenbach 31 Jan: Minnekahda 17 Feb: El Paraguayo 18 Feb: Iron Monarch 6 Mar: Arabia Maru 28 Apr: Fresnel 29 Apr: Gairsoppa 22 May: SS Kaisar-I-Hind May (unknown date): USFS Widgeon 6 Jun: Arpha 27 Jun: Pierre Chailley June (unknown date): Equity 2 Jul: Mona 14 Jul: Pengreep 19 Jul: Minnekahda 7 Aug: Tregenna 8 Aug: Penguin 15 Aug: Tahiti 3 Sep: USC&GS Oceanographer 8 Sep: Maria M. 21 Sep: MV Penguin 26 Sep: HMS Conquest 21 Nov: Frederik VIII 1 Dec: Georges Philippar 12 Dec: Arcturus 18 Dec: Ceramic Unknown date: HMS Peterel 1929 1931

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [SS Minnekahda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Minnekahda) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Minnekahda?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.