# SSR4

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Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

SSR4 Identifiers Aliases SSR4, TRAPD, CDG1Y, signal sequence receptor subunit 4 External IDs OMIM: 300090; MGI: 1099464; HomoloGene: 4573; GeneCards: SSR4; OMA:SSR4 - orthologs Gene location (Human) Chr. X chromosome (human)[1] Band Xq28 Start 153,793,516 bp[1] End 153,798,499 bp[1] Gene location (Mouse) Chr. X chromosome (mouse)[2] Band X A7.3|X 37.41 cM Start 72,830,634 bp[2] End 72,834,436 bp[2] RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in pituitary gland anterior pituitary body of pancreas seminal vesicula trachea pylorus minor salivary glands corpus epididymis stromal cell of endometrium body of stomach Top expressed in seminal vesicula parotid gland islet of Langerhans submandibular gland molar gastrula lacrimal gland cervix calvaria decidua More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 6748 20832 Ensembl ENSG00000180879 ENSMUSG00000002014 UniProt P51571 Q62186 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001204526 NM_001204527 NM_006280 NM_001166480 NM_009279 NM_001358212 NM_001358213 RefSeq (protein) NP_001191455 NP_001191456 NP_006271 NP_001159952 NP_033305 NP_001345141 NP_001345142 Location (UCSC) Chr X: 153.79 – 153.8 Mb Chr X: 72.83 – 72.83 Mb PubMed search [3] [4] Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

**Translocon-associated protein subunit delta** is a [protein](/source/Protein) that in humans is encoded by the *SSR4* [gene](/source/Gene).[5][6]

SSR4, also called TRAPD, is assumed to be involved in [protein secretion](/source/Protein_secretion). It is located in the [Xq28](/source/Xq28) region, arranged in a compact head-to-head manner with the [IDH3G](/source/IDH3G) gene. These two genes are driven by a bidirectional [promoter](/source/Promoter_(genetics)) located between them and encode proteins involved in unrelated [biochemical pathways](/source/Biochemical_pathways) located in different compartments of the cell. The nontranscribed intergenic region represents only 133 bp and is embedded in a [CpG island](/source/CpG_island). The CpG island functions as a bidirectional promoter to initiate the [transcription](/source/Transcription_(biology)) of both functionally unrelated genes with distinct [expression](/source/Gene_expression) patterns. SSR4 consists of six [exons](/source/Exons) and is approximately 70 kb telomeric length from the ALD gene. Although [alternative splicing](/source/Alternative_splicing) of exon 5 has not been detected in the human SSR4 gene, transcript variants missing the region homologous to the human exon 5 have been detected in both *[Xenopus laevis](/source/Xenopus_laevis)* and *[Mus musculus](/source/Mus_musculus)*.[6]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2) [GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000180879](http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000180879) – [Ensembl](/source/Ensembl_genome_database_project), May 2017

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2) [GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000002014](http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000002014) – [Ensembl](/source/Ensembl_genome_database_project), May 2017

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Human PubMed Reference:"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=6748). *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Mouse PubMed Reference:"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=20832). *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pmid9286695_5-0)** Brenner V, Nyakatura G, Rosenthal A, Platzer M (Nov 1997). "Genomic organization of two novel genes on human Xq28: compact head to head arrangement of IDH gamma and TRAP delta is conserved in rat and mouse". *Genomics*. **44** (1): 8–14. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1006/geno.1997.4822](https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fgeno.1997.4822). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [9286695](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9286695).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-entrez_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-entrez_6-1) ["Entrez Gene: SSR4 signal sequence receptor, delta (translocon-associated protein delta)"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6748). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210418022451/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6748) from the original on 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2017-09-11.

## Further reading

- Holthuis JC, van Riel MC, Martens GJ (1996). ["Translocon-associated protein TRAP delta and a novel TRAP-like protein are coordinately expressed with pro-opiomelanocortin in Xenopus intermediate pituitary"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1136246). *Biochem. J*. 312 ( Pt 1) (Pt 1): 205–13. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1042/bj3120205](https://doi.org/10.1042%2Fbj3120205). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [1136246](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1136246). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [7492314](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7492314).

- Hartmann E, Görlich D, Kostka S, et al. (1993). "A tetrameric complex of membrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum". *Eur. J. Biochem*. **214** (2): 375–81. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17933.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1432-1033.1993.tb17933.x). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[11858/00-001M-0000-0015-3BD2-F](https://hdl.handle.net/11858%2F00-001M-0000-0015-3BD2-F). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [7916687](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7916687).

- Wang L, Dobberstein B (1999). ["Oligomeric complexes involved in translocation of proteins across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum"](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0014-5793%2899%2901075-3). *FEBS Lett*. **457** (3): 316–22. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1999FEBSL.457..316W](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999FEBSL.457..316W). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01075-3](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0014-5793%2899%2901075-3). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [10471800](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10471800).

- Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). ["DNA Cloning Using In Vitro Site-Specific Recombination"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC310948). *Genome Res*. **10** (11): 1788–95. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1101/gr.143000](https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgr.143000). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [310948](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC310948). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11076863](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11076863).

- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). ["Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC139241). *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A*. **99** (26): 16899–903. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2002PNAS...9916899M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PNAS...9916899M). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1073/pnas.242603899](https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.242603899). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [139241](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC139241). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12477932](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12477932).

- Miyazaki K, Fujita T, Ozaki T, et al. (2004). ["NEDL1, a novel ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase for dishevelled-1, targets mutant superoxide dismutase-1"](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M312389200). *J. Biol. Chem*. **279** (12): 11327–35. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1074/jbc.M312389200](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M312389200). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [14684739](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14684739).

- Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). ["Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs"](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fng1285). *Nat. Genet*. **36** (1): 40–5. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/ng1285](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fng1285). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [14702039](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14702039).

- Wang Z, VandeBerg JL (2005). "Cloning and molecular characterization of a human ortholog of Monodelphis TRAPD in ultraviolet B-induced melanoma". *Melanoma Res*. **14** (2): 107–14. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1097/00008390-200404000-00005](https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00008390-200404000-00005). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [15057039](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15057039). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [12281868](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12281868).

- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). ["The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528928). *Genome Res*. **14** (10B): 2121–7. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1101/gr.2596504](https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgr.2596504). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [528928](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528928). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [15489334](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15489334).

- Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, et al. (2004). ["From ORFeome to Biology: A Functional Genomics Pipeline"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528930). *Genome Res*. **14** (10B): 2136–44. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1101/gr.2576704](https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgr.2576704). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [528930](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528930). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [15489336](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15489336).

- Mehrle A, Rosenfelder H, Schupp I, et al. (2006). ["The LIFEdb database in 2006"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1347501). *Nucleic Acids Res*. **34** (Database issue): D415–8. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/nar/gkj139](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkj139). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [1347501](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1347501). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [16381901](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16381901).

- Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, et al. (2007). ["Large-scale mapping of human protein–protein interactions by mass spectrometry"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1847948). *Mol. Syst. Biol*. **3** (1) 89. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/msb4100134](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fmsb4100134). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [1847948](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1847948). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [17353931](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17353931).

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [SSR4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSR4) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSR4?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.