# SOX3

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Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

SOX3 Identifiers Aliases SOX3, GHDX, MRGH, PHP, PHPX, SOXB, SRY-box 3, SRY-box transcription factor 3 External IDs OMIM: 313430; MGI: 98365; HomoloGene: 4118; GeneCards: SOX3; OMA:SOX3 - orthologs Gene location (Human) Chr. X chromosome (human)[1] Band Xq27.1 Start 140,502,985 bp[1] End 140,505,069 bp[1] Gene location (Mouse) Chr. X chromosome (mouse)[2] Band X A6|X 33.66 cM Start 59,934,972 bp[2] End 59,937,036 bp[2] RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in ventricular zone ganglionic eminence right uterine tube secondary oocyte hypothalamus amygdala anterior pituitary nucleus accumbens C1 segment anterior cingulate cortex Top expressed in ventricular zone somite epiblast suprachiasmatic nucleus medial ganglionic eminence Ileal epithelium primitive streak nasal placode optic vesicle lumbar spinal ganglion More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding transcription corepressor activity RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Cellular component nucleus nucleoplasm Biological process multicellular organism development sensory organ development central nervous system development face development pituitary gland development regulation of transcription, DNA-templated negative regulation of neuron differentiation transcription, DNA-templated hypothalamus development negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II sex-determination system negative regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II cell differentiation neuron differentiation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 6658 20675 Ensembl ENSG00000134595 ENSMUSG00000045179 UniProt P41225 P53784 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005634 NM_009237 RefSeq (protein) NP_005625 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr X: 140.5 – 140.51 Mb Chr X: 59.93 – 59.94 Mb PubMed search [3] [4] Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

**Transcription factor SOX-3** is a [protein](/source/Protein) that in humans is encoded by the *SOX3* [gene](/source/Gene).[5][6] This gene encodes a member of the [SOX](/source/SOX_genes) (SRY-related [HMG-box](/source/HMG-box)) family of [transcription factors](/source/Transcription_factor) involved in the regulation of embryonic brain development and in determination of cell fate. The encoded protein acts as a transcriptional activator.[7]

Mutations in this gene have been associated with X-linked [hypopituitarism](/source/Hypopituitarism) (XH) and X-linked intellectual disability. Patients with XH are male, have short stature, exhibit a mild form of intellectual disability and present pan-hypopituitarism.[6][8] A duplication of the SOX3 gene has also been discovered to cause XX male sex reversal.[9]

SRY-box transcription factor 3, SOX3, is a transcription factor that is encoded by the SOX3 gene. This gene is responsible for ensuring proper embryonic development and determining the fate of different cells. Regarding its developmental facet, SOX3, alongside other SOX transcription factors, ensures the proper formation of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis.[10] The proper development of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis is necessary as it serves to ensure proper systemic hormonal function. When SOX3 expression is affected, the development of different structures can be affected as well. Specifically, both the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland can suffer in accomplishing proper growth. Due to this, conditions such as hypopituitarism and intellectual disability are found in cases with a lack of SOX3. Also, craniofacial abnormalities can be seen as a result of a lack of the SOX3 gene. To aid in the further understanding of the SOX3 gene, mice have been used as knockout models to study the effects of the gene’s absence.[11]

## Function

SOX3 belongs to the family of [SRY](/source/SRY)-related HMG-box containing genes which behave as transcription factors. SOX3 has been found to be involved in the regulation of embryonic brain development, the determination of cell fate and in XX male sex reversal.[7]

SOX3 contains a single exon and is found in a highly conserved region of the X chromosome. The SOX3 gene shares some conservation with the SRY gene, and encodes a protein that is similar, sharing 67% amino acid identity across the DNA-binding HMG domain.[12] This has led to the hypothesis that the SRY gene arose from SOX3 through a gain of function mutation within the proto-Y chromosome. Evidence to support this hypothesis arose from the discovery of a rare human case of XX sex reversal, that is thought to have occurred through a de novo duplication of the SOX3 gene.[9] Such a duplication is thought to result in a gain of function expression of SOX3 in the genital ridge of the developing embryo leading to XX male sex reversal.

## See also

- [SOX gene family](/source/SOX_gene_family)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2) [GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000134595](http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000134595) – [Ensembl](/source/Ensembl_genome_database_project), May 2017

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2) [GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000045179](http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000045179) – [Ensembl](/source/Ensembl_genome_database_project), May 2017

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Human PubMed Reference:"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=6658). *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Mouse PubMed Reference:"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=20675). *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pmid15800844_5-0)** Woods KS, Cundall M, Turton J, Rizotti K, Mehta A, Palmer R, et al. (May 2005). ["Over- and underdosage of SOX3 is associated with infundibular hypoplasia and hypopituitarism"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1199372). *American Journal of Human Genetics*. **76** (5): 833–849. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/430134](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F430134). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [1199372](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1199372). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [15800844](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15800844).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-entrez_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-entrez_6-1) ["Entrez Gene: SOX3 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 3"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6658).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-pmid14517545_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-pmid14517545_7-1) Bylund M, Andersson E, Novitch BG, Muhr J (November 2003). "Vertebrate neurogenesis is counteracted by Sox1-3 activity". *Nature Neuroscience*. **6** (11): 1162–1168. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/nn1131](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnn1131). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [14517545](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14517545). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [19874781](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19874781).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-barber_8-0)** Barber, TM, Cheetham T, Ball SG (2004). ["X-linked hypopituitarism: clinical and biochemical features of a rare cause of short stature"](http://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0007/ea0007p248.htm). *Endocrine Abstracts*. **7** (1): 248.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-XX_male_sex_reversal_with_genital_a_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-XX_male_sex_reversal_with_genital_a_9-1) Moalem S, Babul-Hirji R, Stavropolous DJ, Wherrett D, Bägli DJ, Thomas P, et al. (July 2012). "XX male sex reversal with genital abnormalities associated with a de novo SOX3 gene duplication". *American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A*. **158A** (7): 1759–1764. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1002/ajmg.a.35390](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fajmg.a.35390). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [22678921](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22678921). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [6220503](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6220503).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** “SOX3 SRY-Box Transcription Factor 3 [Homo Sapiens (Human)] - Gene - NCBI.” National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6658.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Rizzoti K, Brunelli S, Carmignac D, Thomas PQ, Robinson IC, Lovell-Badge R (March 2004). ["SOX3 is required during the formation of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis"](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fng1309). *Nature Genetics*. **36** (3): 247–255. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/ng1309](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fng1309). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [14981518](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14981518). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [20696074](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20696074).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Foster JW, Graves JA (March 1994). ["An SRY-related sequence on the marsupial X chromosome: implications for the evolution of the mammalian testis-determining gene"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC43277). *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America*. **91** (5): 1927–1931. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1994PNAS...91.1927F](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994PNAS...91.1927F). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1073/pnas.91.5.1927](https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.91.5.1927). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [43277](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC43277). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [8127908](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8127908).

## Further reading

- Kamachi Y, Uchikawa M, Kondoh H (April 2000). "Pairing SOX off: with partners in the regulation of embryonic development". *Trends in Genetics*. **16** (4): 182–187. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S0168-9525(99)01955-1](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-9525%2899%2901955-1). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [10729834](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10729834).

- Bowles J, Schepers G, Koopman P (November 2000). ["Phylogeny of the SOX family of developmental transcription factors based on sequence and structural indicators"](https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fdbio.2000.9883). *Developmental Biology*. **227** (2): 239–255. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1006/dbio.2000.9883](https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fdbio.2000.9883). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11071752](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11071752).

- Schepers GE, Teasdale RD, Koopman P (August 2002). ["Twenty pairs of sox: extent, homology, and nomenclature of the mouse and human sox transcription factor gene families"](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1534-5807%2802%2900223-X). *Developmental Cell*. **3** (2): 167–170. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00223-X](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1534-5807%2802%2900223-X). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12194848](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12194848).

- Denny P, Swift S, Brand N, Dabhade N, Barton P, Ashworth A (June 1992). ["A conserved family of genes related to the testis determining gene, SRY"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC336939). *Nucleic Acids Research*. **20** (11): 2887. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/nar/20.11.2887](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2F20.11.2887). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [336939](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC336939). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [1614875](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1614875).

- Stevanović M, Lovell-Badge R, Collignon J, Goodfellow PN (December 1993). "SOX3 is an X-linked gene related to SRY". *Human Molecular Genetics*. **2** (12): 2013–2018. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/hmg/2.12.2013](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhmg%2F2.12.2013). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [8111369](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8111369).

- Collignon J, Sockanathan S, Hacker A, Cohen-Tannoudji M, Norris D, Rastan S, et al. (February 1996). "A comparison of the properties of Sox-3 with Sry and two related genes, Sox-1 and Sox-2". *Development*. **122** (2): 509–520. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1242/dev.122.2.509](https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fdev.122.2.509). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [8625802](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8625802).

- Laumonnier F, Ronce N, Hamel BC, Thomas P, Lespinasse J, Raynaud M, et al. (December 2002). ["Transcription factor SOX3 is involved in X-linked mental retardation with growth hormone deficiency"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC420004). *American Journal of Human Genetics*. **71** (6): 1450–1455. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/344661](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F344661). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [420004](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC420004). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12428212](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12428212).

- Aota S, Nakajima N, Sakamoto R, Watanabe S, Ibaraki N, Okazaki K (May 2003). "Pax6 autoregulation mediated by direct interaction of Pax6 protein with the head surface ectoderm-specific enhancer of the mouse Pax6 gene". *Developmental Biology*. **257** (1): 1–13. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S0012-1606(03)00058-7](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0012-1606%2803%2900058-7). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12710953](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12710953).

- Weiss J, Meeks JJ, Hurley L, Raverot G, Frassetto A, Jameson JL (November 2003). ["Sox3 is required for gonadal function, but not sex determination, in males and females"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC262333). *Molecular and Cellular Biology*. **23** (22): 8084–8091. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1128/MCB.23.22.8084-8091.2003](https://doi.org/10.1128%2FMCB.23.22.8084-8091.2003). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [262333](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC262333). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [14585968](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14585968).

- Dattani MT (December 2003). "Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome: a novel pituitary phenotype due to mutation in a novel gene". *Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism*. **16** (9): 1207–1209. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1515/jpem.2003.16.9.1207](https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fjpem.2003.16.9.1207). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [14714741](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14714741). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [45542882](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:45542882).

- Raverot G, Lejeune H, Kotlar T, Pugeat M, Jameson JL (August 2004). "X-linked sex-determining region Y box 3 (SOX3) gene mutations are uncommon in men with idiopathic oligoazoospermic infertility". *The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism*. **89** (8): 4146–4148. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1210/jc.2004-0191](https://doi.org/10.1210%2Fjc.2004-0191). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [15292361](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15292361). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [24592833](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24592833).

- Solomon NM, Ross SA, Morgan T, Belsky JL, Hol FA, Karnes PS, et al. (September 2004). ["Array comparative genomic hybridisation analysis of boys with X linked hypopituitarism identifies a 3.9 Mb duplicated critical region at Xq27 containing SOX3"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1735898). *Journal of Medical Genetics*. **41** (9): 669–678. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1136/jmg.2003.016949](https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fjmg.2003.016949). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [1735898](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1735898). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [15342697](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342697).

- Savare J, Bonneaud N, Girard F (June 2005). ["SUMO represses transcriptional activity of the Drosophila SoxNeuro and human Sox3 central nervous system-specific transcription factors"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1142414). *Molecular Biology of the Cell*. **16** (6): 2660–2669. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1091/mbc.E04-12-1062](https://doi.org/10.1091%2Fmbc.E04-12-1062). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [1142414](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1142414). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [15788563](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15788563).

## External links

- [SOX3+protein,+human](https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=SOX3+protein%2C+human) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine [Medical Subject Headings](/source/Medical_Subject_Headings) (MeSH)

*This article incorporates text from the [United States National Library of Medicine](/source/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine), which is in the [public domain](/source/Public_domain).*

v t e Transcription factors and intracellular receptors (1) Basic domains (1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) Activating transcription factor AATF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AP-1 c-Fos FOSB FOSL1 FOSL2 JDP2 c-Jun JUNB JunD BACH 1 2 BATF BLZF1 C/EBP α β γ δ ε ζ CREB 1 3 L1 CREM DBP DDIT3 GABPA GCN4 HLF MAF B sMaf F G K NFE 2 L1 L2 L3 NFIL3 NRL NRF 1 2 3 XBP1 (1.2) Basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) Group A AS-C ASCL1 ASCL2 ATOH1 HAND 1 2 MESP2 Myogenic regulatory factors MyoD Myogenin MYF5 MYF6 NeuroD 1 2 Neurogenins 1 2 3 OLIG 1 2 Paraxis TCF15 Scleraxis SLC LYL1 TAL 1 2 Twist Group B FIGLA Myc c-Myc l-Myc n-Myc MXD4 TCF4 Group C bHLH-PAS AhR AHRR ARNT ARNTL ARNTL2 CLOCK HIF 1A EPAS1 3A NPAS 1 2 3 PER 1 2 3 Period SIM 1 2 Group D DEC 1 2 BHLHA9 Pho4 ID 1 2 3 4 Group E HES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 HEY 1 2 L Group F bHLH-COE EBF1 (1.3) bHLH-ZIP AP-4 MAX MXD1 MXD3 MITF MNT MLX MLXIPL MXI1 Myc SREBP 1 2 USF1 (1.4) NF-1 NFI A B C X SMAD R-SMAD 1 2 3 5 9 I-SMAD 6 7 4) (1.5) RF-X RFX 1 2 3 4 5 6 ANK (1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH) AP-2 α β γ δ ε (2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains (2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys4) subfamily 1 Thyroid hormone α β CAR FXR LXR α β PPAR α β/δ γ PXR RAR α β γ ROR α β γ Rev-ErbA α β VDR subfamily 2 COUP-TF (I II Ear-2 HNF4 α γ PNR RXR α β γ Testicular receptor 2 4 TLX subfamily 3 Steroid hormone Androgen Estrogen α β Glucocorticoid Mineralocorticoid Progesterone Estrogen related α β γ subfamily 4 NUR NGFIB NOR1 NURR1 subfamily 5 LRH-1 SF1 subfamily 6 GCNF subfamily 0 DAX1 SHP (2.2) Other Cys4 GATA 1 2 3 4 5 6 MTA 1 2 3 TRPS1 (2.3) Cys2His2 General transcription factors TFIIA TFIIB TFIID TFIIE 1 2 TFIIF 1 2 TFIIH 1 2 4 2I 3A 3C1 3C2 ATBF1 BCL 6 11A 11B CTCF E4F1 EGR 1 2 3 4 ERV3 GFI1 GLI family 1 2 3 REST S1 S2 YY1 HIC 1 2 HIVEP 1 2 3 IKZF 1 2 3 ILF 2 3 Sp/KLF family KLF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 SP 1 2 4 7 8 MTF1 MYT1 OSR1 PRDM9 SALL 1 2 3 4 TSHZ3 WT1 Zbtb7 7A 7B ZBTB 11 16 17 20 21 32 33 40 zinc finger 3 7 9 10 19 22 24 33B 34 35 41 43 44 51 74 143 146 148 165 202 217 219 238 239 259 267 268 281 300 318 330 346 350 365 366 384 423 451 452 471 593 638 644 649 655 804A (2.4) Cys6 HIVEP1 (2.5) Alternating composition AIRE DIDO1 GRLF1 ING 1 2 4 JARID 1A 1B 1C 1D 2 JMJD1B (2.6) WRKY WRKY (3) Helix-turn-helix domains (3.1) Homeodomain Antennapedia ANTP class protoHOX Hox-like ParaHox Gsx 1 2 Xlox PDX1 Cdx 1 2 4 extended Hox: Evx1 Evx2 MEOX1 MEOX2 Homeobox A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A7 A9 A10 A11 A13 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B13 C4 C5 C6 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 D1 D3 D4 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 GBX1 GBX2 MNX1 metaHOX NK-like BARHL1 BARHL2 BARX1 BARX2 BSX DBX 1 2 DLX 1 2 3 4 5 6 EMX 1 2 EN 1 2 HHEX HLX LBX1 LBX2 MSX 1 2 NANOG NKX 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-5 3-1 3-2 HMX1 HMX2 HMX3 6-1 6-2 NOTO TLX1 TLX2 TLX3 VAX1 VAX2 other ARX CRX CUTL1 FHL 1 2 3 HESX1 HOPX LMX 1A 1B NOBOX TALE IRX 1 2 3 4 5 6 MKX MEIS 1 2 PBX 1 2 3 PKNOX 1 2 SIX 1 2 3 4 5 PHF 1 3 6 8 10 16 17 20 21A POU domain PIT-1 BRN-3: A B C Octamer transcription factor: 1 2 3/4 6 7 11 SATB2 ZEB 1 2 (3.2) Paired box PAX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PRRX 1 2 PROP1 PHOX 2A 2B RAX SHOX SHOX2 VSX1 VSX2 Bicoid GSC BICD2 OTX 1 2 PITX 1 2 3 (3.3) Fork head / winged helix E2F 1 2 3 4 5 FOX proteins A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 D3 D4 D4L1 D4L3 D4L4 D4L5 D4L6 E1 E3 F1 F2 G1 H1 I1 I2 I3 J1 J2 J3 K1 K2 L1 L2 M1 N1 N2 N3 N4 O1 O3 O4 O6 P1 P2 P3 P4 Q1 R1 R2 S1 (3.4) Heat shock factors HSF 1 2 4 (3.5) Tryptophan clusters ELF 2 4 5 EHF ELK 1 3 4 ERF ETS 1 2 ERG SPIB ETV 1 4 5 6 FLI1 Interferon regulatory factors 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 MYB MYBL2 (3.6) TEA domain transcriptional enhancer factor 1 2 3 4 (4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts (4.1) Rel homology region NF-κB NFKB1 NFKB2 REL RELA RELB NFAT C1 C2 C3 C4 5 (4.2) STAT STAT 1 2 3 4 5 6 (4.3) p53-like p53 p63 p73 family p53 TP63 p73 TBX 1 2 3 5 19 21 22 TBR1 TBR2 TFT MYRF (4.4) MADS box Mef2 A B C D SRF (4.6) TATA-binding proteins TBP TBPL1 (4.7) High-mobility group BBX HMGB 1 2 3 4 HMGN 1 2 3 4 HNF 1A 1B SOX 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 21 SRY SSRP1 TCF/LEF TCF 1 3 4 LEF1 TOX 1 2 3 4 (4.9) Grainyhead TFCP2 (4.10) Cold-shock domain CSDA YBX1 (4.11) Runt CBF CBFA2T2 CBFA2T3 RUNX1 RUNX2 RUNX3 RUNX1T1 (0) Other transcription factors (0.2) HMGI(Y) HMGA 1 2 HBP1 (0.3) Pocket domain Rb RBL1 RBL2 (0.5) AP-2/EREBP-related factors Apetala 2 EREBP B3 (0.6) Miscellaneous ARID 1A 1B 2 3A 3B 4A CAP IFI 16 35 MLL 2 3 T1 MNDA NFY A B C Rho/Sigma see also transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [SOX3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOX3) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOX3?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.