# Rutoideae

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{{Short description|Subfamily of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Ruta chalepensis11.jpg
| image_caption = ''[Ruta chalepensis](/source/Ruta_chalepensis)''
| taxon = Rutoideae
| authority = Arn.<ref name=AppeBaylHeslGrop21>{{Citation |mode=cs1 |last1=Appelhans |first1=Marc S. |last2=Bayly |first2=Michael J. |last3=Heslewood |first3=Margaret M. |last4=Groppo |first4=Milton |last5=Verboom |first5=G. Anthony |last6=Forster |first6=Paul I. |last7=Kallunki |first7=Jacquelyn A. |last8=Duretto |first8=Marco F. |date=2021 |title=A new subfamily classification of the ''Citrus'' family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers |journal=Taxon |volume=70 |issue=5 |pages=1035–1061 |doi=10.1002/tax.12543 |name-list-style=amp |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021Taxon..70.1035A |hdl=11343/288824 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = See text.
| range_map = Rutoideae distribution.svg
| range_map_caption = Range of subfamily Rutoideae ''sensu lato''
}}

'''Rutoideae''' is a flowering plant subfamily in the family [Rutaceae](/source/Rutaceae). The subfamily has had varying [circumscription](/source/Circumscription_(taxonomy))s. In a 2012 classification of the family it was one of only two subfamilies and contained most of the genera, whereas in a 2021 classification it has only five genera.<ref name="GropKallPiraAnto12" /><ref name="AppeBaylHeslGrop21" />

==Taxonomy==
In 1896, Engler published a division of the family Rutaceae into seven subfamilies. Rutoideae was one of the larger subfamilies.<ref name="Engl96" /> Engler's division into subfamilies largely relied on the characteristics of the fruit, as did others used until [molecular phylogenetic](/source/Molecular_phylogenetics) methods were applied, which showed that Rutoideae cannot be clearly differentiated from other members of the family based on fruit.<ref name="AppeBaylHeslGrop21" /> In 2012, Groppo et al. divided Rutaceae into only two subfamilies, a small [Cneoroideae](/source/Cneoroideae), and a greatly enlarged subfamily Rutoideae ''s.l.'' with all the remaining genera.<ref name="GropKallPiraAnto12" /> A 2014 classification by Morton and Telmer split this circumscription of Rutoideae into a smaller Rutoideae and a much larger Amyridoideae ''s.l.'', which contained most of Engler's Rutoideae.<ref name="MortTelm14" /> A 2021 study by Appelhans et al., which sampled many more genera than earlier studies, found that Morton and Telmer's Rutoideae was [paraphyletic](/source/Paraphyly). Applehans et al. divided the family into six subfamilies, with their Rutoideae containing only five genera. They considered that a revised classification at the tribal level was not feasible at the time their paper was published.<ref name="AppeBaylHeslGrop21" />

===Genera===
Five genera were placed in Rutoideae in the Appelhans et al. (2021) classification of the Rutaceae into subfamilies:<ref name="AppeBaylHeslGrop21" />
* ''[Boenninghausenia](/source/Boenninghausenia)'' {{small|Rchb. ex Meisn.}}
* ''[Chloroxylon](/source/Chloroxylon)'' {{small|DC.}}
* ''[Psilopeganum](/source/Psilopeganum)'' {{small|Hemsl.}}
* ''[Ruta](/source/Ruta)'' {{small|L.}}
* ''[Thamnosma](/source/Thamnosma)'' {{small|Torr. & Frém.}}

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Engl96">{{Citation|title=Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien|volume=III(4)|publisher=Engelmann|publication-place=Leipzig|last=Engler|first=A.|name-list-style=amp|date=1896}}</ref>

<ref name="GropKallPiraAnto12">{{Citation|title=Chilean ''Pitavia'' more closely related to Oceania and Old World Rutaceae than to Neotropical groups: Evidence from two cpDNA non-coding regions, with a new subfamilial classification of the family|journal=PhytoKeys|issue=19|pages=9–29|last1=Groppo|first1=M.|last2=Kallunki|first2=J.A.|last3=Pirani|first3=J.R.|last4=Antonelli|first4=A.|name-list-style=amp|date=2012|doi=10.3897/phytokeys.19.3912|doi-access=free |pmc=3597001|pmid=23717188 |bibcode=2012PhytK..19....9G }}</ref>

<ref name="MortTelm14">{{Citation|title=New Subfamily Classification for the Rutaceae|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275969900|volume=99|journal=Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden|issue=4|pages=620–641|last1=Morton|first1=Cynthia M.|last2=Telmer|first2=Cheryl|name-list-style=amp|date=2014|doi=10.3417/2010034 |bibcode=2014AnMBG..99..620M }}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q4401179}}

Category:Rutoideae
Category:Rosid subfamilies
Category:Plants with compound leaves

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Rutoideae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutoideae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutoideae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.