# Rummer

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{{for|the American real estate developer|Robert Rummer}}
{{Short description|Type of large drinking glass}}
[[File:Pieter Claesz - Still Life (1643).jpg|thumb|upright|{{center|Rummer painted by [Pieter Claesz](/source/Pieter_Claesz) in 1643}}]]
thumb|upright|{{center|Roemer}}

A '''rummer''' (also known as a '''Römer''' or '''Roemer''', among other variations) was a type of large drinking glass studded with [prunt](/source/prunt)s to ensure a safe grip, popular mainly in the [Rhineland](/source/Rhineland) and the [Netherlands](/source/Netherlands) from the 15th through the 17th century. Rummers lacked the flared bowl of the [Berkemeyer](/source/Berkemeyer) and had much thinner walls. The hollow base was built up by coiling strands of molten glass around a conical core. Römers were quite distinct from the Berkemeyers, but both types evolved from the German "cabbage stalk" glasses which were cylindrical with prunts. Römers are usually green in colour and with Berkemeyers were sometimes engraved with images and inscriptions.

==Production==
From as early as the third century AD, skilled glass workers along the [Rhine](/source/Rhine) were producing work of great artistic merit. Excavations at [Worms](/source/Worms%2C_Germany), [Trier](/source/Trier), [Cologne](/source/Cologne), and in the [Eifel](/source/Eifel) revealed glass factories that were probably Roman in origin—indeed, {{lang|de|Römer}} is German for 'Roman'. Ancient [Rhenish](/source/Rhenish) graves have yielded gilt-decorated bowls and beakers which were made using the {{lang|it|[fondo d'oro](/source/fondo_d'oro)}} ('base of gold') process in which the design is etched into a layer of gold on the glass surface, and then covered by more glass. These techniques persisted to the fifth century, mythical and biblical themes enjoying great popularity. Out of this era grew that hallmark of German glass, the prunt, a design feature which is still found fifteen centuries later.<ref>[http://www.oldandsold.com/articles01/article606.shtml German glass]</ref>

The word {{lang|de|Roemer}} was anglicised to become ''rummer'', and English variants were widely produced from the late 18th century and throughout the 19th. Many Victorian rummers were engraved with both personal tributes and masonic symbols. Of all antique stemwares these are possibly the most usable, there are still some specialist dealers in the UK.<ref>[https://rockatee.com/collections/drinkwave/ Rockatee drinkware]</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Pieter Claesz - Banketje.jpg|Still Life with Walnut, Bread, and Herring with Silver Salt Cellar and Glass of Wine, [Pieter Claesz](/source/Pieter_Claesz), 1628.
File:Pieter CLAESZ. - A still life with a roemer, a crab and a peeled lemon - Google Art ProjectFXD.jpg|''A still life with a roemer, a crab and a peeled lemon'', Pieter Claesz, 1643
File:Pieter Claesz - Still Life with Fruit and Roemer - Google Art ProjectFXD.jpg|''Still Life with Fruit and Roemer, 1644''
File:Stilleven met vruchten, oesters en een porseleinen kom, SK-A-2329.jpg|{{lang|nl|Stilleven met vruchten, oesters en een porseleinen kom}} by [Abraham Mignon](/source/Abraham_Mignon) (1660–1679) 
File:Pieter Claesz. - Stilleven.jpg|[Pieter Claesz](/source/Pieter_Claesz) (1637)
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commonscat-inline|Roemers}}
* [http://www.cmog.org/dynamic.aspx?id=262#gold_glass Corning Museum of Glass - Glossary of Glassmaking Terms]

{{Glassware}}

Category:Drinking glasses

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Rummer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rummer) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rummer?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.