# Rumba flamenca > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Rumba_flamenca > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Rumba_flamenca.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumba_flamenca > Source revision: 1344400427 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{short description|Flamenco style}} {{infobox music genre | name = Rumba flamenca | stylistic_origins = [Flamenco](/source/Flamenco), [guaracha](/source/guaracha), [Cuban rumba](/source/Cuban_rumba) | cultural_origins = [Andalusia](/source/Andalusia), late 19th century | instruments = Vocals, flamenco guitar, castanets, hand clapping, cajón | subgenres = | derivatives = [Rumba catalana](/source/Rumba_catalana) | regional_scenes = }} '''Rumba flamenca''', also known as '''flamenco rumba''' or simply '''rumba''' ({{IPA|es|ˈrumba}}), is a ''[palo](/source/Palo_(flamenco))'' (style) of [flamenco](/source/flamenco) music developed in [Andalusia](/source/Andalusia), [Spain](/source/Spain). It is known as one of the ''[cantes de ida y vuelta](/source/cantes_de_ida_y_vuelta)'' (roundtrip songs), music which diverged in the new world, then returned to Spain in a new form. The genre originated in the 19th century in Andalusia, southern Spain, where Cuban music first reached the country. ==History== Rumba flamenca was primarily influenced by [guaracha](/source/guaracha), an uptempo style of vocal music which originated in [Havana](/source/Havana)'s musical theatre.{{cite book|last=Pérez Custodio|first=Diana|title=Paco de Lucía: La evolución del flamenco a través de sus rumbas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=le_X9hOxYkgC|date=2005|publisher=Universidad de Cádiz|location=Cádiz, Spain|pages=96–97|isbn=9788496274754|language=es}}{{cite book|last1=Martínez|first1=Silvia|last2=Fouce|first2=Héctor|title=Made in Spain: Studies in Popular Music|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|location=New York, NY|page=45|isbn=9781136460067|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NeodAAAAQBAJ}} Some elements from [Cuban rumba](/source/Cuban_rumba) were also incorporated, although minor, despite the name.{{cite book|last1=Navarro García|first1=Jesús Raúl|title=Cuba y Andalucía entre las dos orillas|date=2002|publisher=Consejería de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucía|location=Sevilla, Spain|page=301|language=es}} Although unlikely, both guaracha and Cuban rumba might have been influenced by flamenco earlier in the 19th century. Guarachas can be traced back to the Spanish [jácaras](/source/j%C3%A1caras), thus justifying the classification of rumba flamenca as a ''[cante de ida y vuelta](/source/Cantes_de_ida_y_vuelta)''. The first rumba flamenca recordings were made by [La Niña de los Peines](/source/La_Ni%C3%B1a_de_los_Peines) in the 1910s. During the late 20th century, [Paco de Lucía](/source/Paco_de_Luc%C3%ADa), together with percussionist [Rubem Dantas](/source/Rubem_Dantas), incorporated Afro-Peruvian musical elements such as the [cajón](/source/caj%C3%B3n) (wooden box) and certain rhythms.{{cite book|last1=Coderque|first1=Isabel|title=Flamencos: Cañizares, Duquende, Ginesa Ortega, Mayte Martín, Miguel Poveda|date=1997|publisher=Institut de Cultura|location=Barcelona, Spain}} {{TOC right}} ==Terminology== In term rumba as applied to the flamenco style stems from its use in Cuba to refer to [Cuban rumba](/source/Cuban_rumba) (originally, "rumba" meant "party"). Within flamenco circles, the genre is simply called "rumba", and other terms have been used to distinguish it from Cuban rumba, including '''gypsy rumba''' ('''''rumba gitana''''') and '''Spanish rumba''', which are nonetheless ambiguous since they may also be used to mean [Catalan rumba](/source/Catalan_rumba) or other contemporary styles such as tecno-rumba. ==Instrumentation== The rumba flamenca instrumentation consists of [flamenco guitar](/source/flamenco_guitar)s, [hand clapping](/source/Palmas_(music)), occasional body slapping, [castanet](/source/castanet)s and the cajón.{{cite web|url=http://www.hothousechicago.org/?p=196|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231143950/http://www.hothousechicago.org/?p=196|url-status=dead|archive-date=2010-12-31|title=Flamenco Rumba? Is that for real?? |author=Tony Dumas |access-date=2012-01-31}} As a result, it bears little resemblance to Cuban rumba, whose instrumentation is based on the [conga](/source/conga)s and [claves](/source/claves). Nonetheless, some artists such as Paco de Lucía and [Tomatito](/source/Tomatito) have included congas alongside their cajones in their ensembles, although with a minor role. ==Music theory== In Cuba, the rumba is performed with multiple percussion instruments, playing in [duple meter](/source/duple_meter). The flamenco version of it uses palmas, guitar, and [golpes](/source/Golpe_(guitar_technique)) (slapping the guitar). In addition, rumba flamenca has a particular guitar strumming pattern absent in other flamenco styles.{{cite book|last1=Mello|first1=Chris|title=The Latin Guitar Handbook|date=2009|publisher=Mel Bay|location=Pacific, MO|pages=81–82|isbn=9781609746940|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xDaAY0mckMC}} The rhythm is a modified [tresillo rhythm](/source/Clave_(rhythm)) with eight beats grouped into a repeating pattern of 3+3+2. Unlike traditional flamenco, rumbas may be played in any key, major, minor and [modal](/source/Musical_mode). At approx. 100-120bpm, the tempo of rumba flamenca is slower than other more traditional flamenco styles such as [bulerías](/source/buler%C3%ADas) and [fandango](/source/fandango)s. There are 4 beats per bar with an accent on the 2nd and 4th beats. ==Dance== The rumba flamenca dance has some origins in [Catalonia](/source/Catalonia), specifically in the downtown areas of [Barcelona](/source/Barcelona), where gypsies performed [rumba catalana](/source/rumba_catalana) at the times of this genre's flowering popularity. The dance that it accompanied was improvised with prominent hip and shoulder movements, more overtly sexual than other styles of flamenco dances. ==See also== *[New flamenco](/source/New_flamenco) ==References== {{Reflist|20em}} {{palos}} {{Rumba}} {{Music of Spain}} {{Music in Spanish}} Category:Rumba flamenca Category:Flamenco styles Category:Romani music --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Rumba flamenca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumba_flamenca) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumba_flamenca?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.