# Ruizite

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{{Short description|Sorosilicate mineral}}
{{Infobox mineral
| name        = Ruizite
| category    = [Sorosilicate](/source/Sorosilicate)
| boxwidth    = 
| boxbgcolor  = 
| image       = Ruizite-Calcite-180789.jpg
| imagesize   = 260px
| caption     = Clusters of ruizite on [calcite](/source/calcite) from South Africa
| formula     = Ca<sub>2</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>11</sub>(OH)<sub>4</sub>&middot;2H<sub>2</sub>O<ref name=handbook/>
| IMAsymbol   = Rz<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warr|first=L.N.|date=2021|title=IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=85|issue=3 |pages=291–320|doi=10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |bibcode=2021MinM...85..291W |s2cid=235729616 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
| molweight   = 
| strunz      = 9.BJ.35
| dana        = 57.2.2.1
| system      = [Monoclinic](/source/Monoclinic)
| class       = Prismatic (2/m) <br/><small>(same [H-M symbol](/source/H-M_symbol))</small>
| symmetry    = ''P''2<sub>1</sub>/c
| unit cell   = a = 11.95&nbsp;[Å](/source/angstrom), b = 6.17&nbsp;Å <br/>c = 9.03&nbsp;Å, β = 91.37°; Z&nbsp;=&nbsp;4
| color       = Orange, red-brown
| habit       = 
| twinning    = Common on {100}
| cleavage    = 
| fracture    = 
| tenacity    = 
| mohs        = 5
| luster      = 
| polish      = 
| refractive  = n<sub>α</sub> = 1.663<br>n<sub>β</sub> = 1.715<br>n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.734
| opticalprop = Biaxial (-)
| birefringence = δ = 0.071
| 2V          = 60°
| dispersion  = 
| pleochroism = 
| fluorescence= 
| absorption  =
| streak      = [Apricot](/source/Apricot_(color))
| gravity     = 
| density     = 
| melt        = 
| fusibility  = 
| diagnostic  = 
| solubility  = 
| diaphaneity = Translucent
| other       = 
| references  =<ref name=mindat>{{cite web|title=Ruizite|url=http://www.mindat.org/min-3476.html|publisher=Mindat|access-date=December 2, 2012}}</ref>
}}
'''Ruizite''' is a [sorosilicate](/source/sorosilicate) mineral with formula Ca<sub>2</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>11</sub>(OH)<sub>4</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O. It was discovered at the Christmas mine in [Christmas, Arizona](/source/Christmas%2C_Arizona), and described in 1977. The mineral is named for discoverer Joe Ana Ruiz.

==Description and occurrence==
thumb|left|Ruizite from Arizona
Ruizite is translucent and orange to red-brown in color with an [apricot yellow](/source/Apricot_(color)) streak.<ref name=mindat/> The mineral occurs as [euhedral](/source/Euhedral_and_anhedral) prisms up to {{convert|1|mm|in|abbr=on}} or as radial clusters of [acicular](/source/Acicular_(crystal_habit)) (needle-like) crystals.<ref name=handbook/>

Ruizite is common at the Christmas mine.{{sfn|Williams|Duggan|1977|p=429}} The mineral is known from Arizona, Pennsylvania, and [Northern Cape Province](/source/Northern_Cape_Province), South Africa.<ref name=mindat/> Ruizite occurs in association with [apophyllite](/source/apophyllite), [bornite](/source/bornite), [calcite](/source/calcite), [chalcopyrite](/source/chalcopyrite), [datolite](/source/datolite), [diopside](/source/diopside), [grossular](/source/grossular), [inesite](/source/inesite), [junitoite](/source/junitoite), [kinoite](/source/kinoite), [orientite](/source/orientite), [pectolite](/source/pectolite), [quartz](/source/quartz), [smectite](/source/smectite), [sphalerite](/source/sphalerite), [vesuvianite](/source/vesuvianite), and [wollastonite](/source/wollastonite).<ref name=handbook>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/ruizite.pdf |title=Ruizite |encyclopedia=Handbook of Mineralogy |editor1-first=John W. |editor1-last=Anthony|editor2-first=Richard A. |editor2-last=Bideaux|editor3-first=Kenneth W. |editor3-last=Bladh|editor4-first= Monte C. |editor4-last=Nichols |publisher=Mineralogical Society of America|location=Chantilly, VA}}</ref> Ruizite is found in veinlets or fracture surfaces of limestone [metamorphosed](/source/Metamorphism) into a [calc-silicate assemblage](/source/calc%E2%80%93silicate_rock). The mineral formed by [retrograde metamorphism](/source/retrograde_metamorphism) during cooling of a calc–silicate [skarn](/source/skarn) assemblage in an [oxidizing](/source/oxidizing) environment.<ref name=handbook/>{{sfn|Williams|Duggan|1977|p=429}}

==Crystal structure and chemistry==
Ruizite crystallizes in the [monoclinic crystal system](/source/monoclinic_crystal_system) and [twinning](/source/crystal_twinning) is common along the [{100}](/source/miller_index) plane between exactly two crystals.<ref name=handbook/> Ruizite's formula was originally identified as CaMn(SiO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O in 1977.{{sfn|Williams|Duggan|1977|p=429}} In 1984, Frank  C. Hawthorne revised the formula to Ca<sub>2</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>11</sub>(OH)<sub>4</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dunn|first=Pete J.|title=New Mineral Names, New Data|journal=American Mineralogist|date=March–April 1985|volume=70|issue=3&ndash;4|url=http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM70/AM70_436.pdf|page=441}}</ref> Ruizite's structure consists of edge-sharing Mnφ<sub>6</sub> octahedra, connected at corners into sheets and together into a lattice by clusters of Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>11</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>.{{sfn|Hawthorne|1984|p=135}}

[Nitric acid](/source/Nitric_acid), [hydrochloric acid](/source/hydrochloric_acid), and [potassium hydroxide](/source/potassium_hydroxide) have little effect on ruizite at low temperatures but readily dissolve the mineral at elevated temperatures.{{sfn|Williams|Duggan|1977|p=431}}

==History==
During the investigation of [junitoite](/source/junitoite) at the Christmas mine in [Christmas, Arizona](/source/Christmas%2C_Arizona), Joe Ana Ruiz and Robert Jenkins discovered an unknown brown mineral. Mine geologist Dave Cook located better specimens, and it was determined to be a new mineral species. The mineral was named ''ruizite'' in honor of Joe Ruiz as discoverer. Ruizite's properties were analyzed using a sample provided by Joseph Urban, and it was described in the journal ''Mineralogical Magazine'' in December 1977.{{sfn|Williams|Duggan|1977|p=432}} The [International Mineralogical Association](/source/International_Mineralogical_Association) approved the mineral as IMA 1977-077.<ref name=IMA2012>{{cite web|title=The New IMA List of Minerals – A Work in Progress – Update: November 2012|url=http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/IMA_Master_List_(2012-11).pdf|work=Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification|publisher=International Mineralogical Association|access-date=December 2, 2012|page=146}}</ref> [Type specimens](/source/Type_specimen_(mineralogy)) are housed in the [University of Arizona](/source/University_of_Arizona), [Harvard University](/source/Harvard_University), the [National Museum of Natural History](/source/National_Museum_of_Natural_History), and [The Natural History Museum](/source/Natural_History_Museum%2C_London).<ref name=handbook/>

==See also==
*[Carlosruizite](/source/Carlosruizite)

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

;Bibliography
*{{cite journal|last=Hawthorne|first=F. C.|title=The crystal structure of ruizite, a sorosilicate with an [Si<sub>4</sub>Ø<sub>13</sub>] cluster|journal=Tschermaks mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen|year=1984|volume=33|issue=2|pages=135&ndash;146|doi=10.1007/BF01083069|bibcode=1984MinPe..33..135H}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Williams|first1=Sidney A.|last2=Duggan|first2=M.|title=Ruizite, A New Silicate Mineral from Christmas, Arizona|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|date=December 1977|volume=41|issue=320|pages=429&ndash;432|doi=10.1180/minmag.1977.041.320.01|bibcode=1977MinM...41..429W|s2cid=129031647 |url=http://www.minersoc.org/pages/Archive-MM/Volume_41/41-320-429.pdf}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Paul B.|last2=Shen|first2=Jinchuan|last3=Araki |first3=Takaharu|title=Crystal chemistry of the <sup>2</sup><sub>∞</sub>[M<sup>3+</sup><sub>2</sub>φ<sub>2</sub>(TO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub><nowiki>]</nowiki>sheet: structural principles and crystal structures of ruizite, macfallite and orientite|journal=American Mineralogist|date=January–February 1985|volume=70|issue=1&ndash;2|pages=171&ndash;181|url=http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM70/AM70_171.pdf}}

==External links==
{{commonscat-inline|Ruizite|lcfirst=yes}}
{{Manganese minerals}}

Category:Monoclinic minerals
Category:Minerals in space group 14
Category:Calcium minerals
Category:Manganese(III) minerals
Category:Sorosilicates
Category:Dihydrate minerals
Category:Hydroxide minerals
Category:Minerals described in 1977

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ruizite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruizite) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruizite?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.