# Rozhok

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{{Short description|Russian musical instrument}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2010}}
thumb|Rozhoks from the Russian Ethnographic Museum, first half of 20th century

The '''rozhok''' ({{langx|ru|рожок}}) is an ancient [Russia](/source/Russia)n [wood](/source/wood)en [trumpet](/source/trumpet), a relative of the [cornett](/source/cornett), which has remained in continuous use until the present day.<ref>Baines A. (1967) ''Woodwind Instruments and their History''</ref> 
== Names ==
thumb|left|200px|Rozhok horns of varying sizes.
A rozhok can be called be various names: '''shepherd's horn''' ({{langx|ru|пастуший рожок}}), '''Russian horn''' ({{langx|ru|Русский рожок}}), or '''song horn''' ({{langx|ru|песенный рожок}}). A popular variant is ({{langx|ru|Владимирский рожок}}, '''''Vladimirskiy rozhok''''', "Vladimir horn"), due to the success of a chorus of rozhok players under the leadership of [Nikolai Vasilyevich Kondratyev](/source/Nikolai_Vasilyevich_Kondratyev) from the [Vladimir](/source/Vladimir%2C_Russia) region.<ref>[http://grenada.al.ru/enciklopedia/rojvlad.htm Энциклопедия музыкальных инструментов - Владимирский Рожок] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

== Structure ==
A rozhok is a conical straight tube with the six playing holes: five on top and one underneath.  The total length of a rozhok ranges from 320 to 830&nbsp;mm (13" to 33").  A [mouthpiece](/source/Mouthpiece_(brass)) is cut in the form of a small cup, and the lower end of the tube is shaped like a conical bell. A rozhok is usually made of [birch](/source/birch) (mostly [birch bark](/source/birch_bark)), [maple](/source/maple), or [juniper](/source/juniper).  In the past they were made in two halves fastened together with birch bark; today they are turned.<ref>[http://spacenation.info/rojok_pastusheskii.html Владимирский Рожок на Spacenation.info]{{dead link|date=May 2025}} {{in lang|ru}}</ref> The sound of a rozhok is strong, but mellow, having a range of about an [octave](/source/octave), or a little more.  There are several types of rozhoks: the shortest one, having the highest sound is called ''vizgunok'' (squeaker), typically in F# or G; the longest and thus the lowest one is called ''bas'' (bass), in F# or G an octave below, while a mid-size instrument is called a ''polubasok'' (half-bass), typically in C. It is ''polubasok'' instruments that are most frequently used for solo playing. Rozhok ensembles usually consist of just ''vizgunok'' and ''bas'' instruments in the ratio 2:1 (twice as many high-pitched horns).

== Varieties ==

As of 2015, rozhok ensembles exist in [Moscow](/source/Moscow),<ref>[https://vk.com/rozhki МОСКОВСКИЙ ХОР РОЖЕЧНИКОВ]</ref> [Vladimir](/source/Vladimir%2C_Russia)<ref>[http://www.ocnt33.ru/about/collectives/102/ Ансамбль "Владимирские рожечники"]</ref> and [Nerekhta](/source/Nerekhta%2C_Kostroma_Oblast).<ref>[https://vk.com/club22987169 Народный коллектив фольклорный ансамбль "Нерехтские рожечники"]</ref>

==See also==
* [Russian horn orchestra](/source/Russian_horn_orchestra)
* [Timeline of Russian inventions and technology records](/source/Timeline_of_Russian_inventions_and_technology_records)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.barynya.com/mp3/zhukovski_rozhok.mp3 Sound sample]
*[http://folkinst.narod.ru/rozok.html An article in Russian and photos]
*[http://www.vimeo.com/1069924 A video documentary about Vladimirskiy Rozhok] - from a series "Странствия музыканта" by [Sergey Starostin](/source/Sergey_Nikolaevich_Starostin) {{in lang|ru}}

{{Russian musical instruments}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vladimirskiy Rozhok}}
Category:Russian musical instruments
Category:Russian inventions
Category:Russian folk music
Category:Woodwind instruments

[ru:Рожок](/source/ru%3A%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BA)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Rozhok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozhok) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozhok?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.