# Rotunde > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Rotunde > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Rotunde.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotunde > Source revision: 1345057982 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Multiple issues| {{Expand German|topic=struct|Rotunde (Wien)|date=December 2009}} {{One source|date=November 2008}} }} {{Infobox building | architect=[Baron Karl von Hasenauer](/source/Baron_Karl_von_Hasenauer) | circumference=Of dome only:
{{Cvt|319.6|m}} (inner) | classification=Former building | completion_date=1873 | coordinates={{Coord|48|12|44|N|16|24|34|E|display=inline,title|region:AT-9_type:landmark_source:dewiki}} | diameter=Of dome only:
{{Cvt|107.83|m}} (outer)
{{Cvt|101.7|m}} (inner) | image_caption=The Rotunde in 1873 | image=W Rotunde.jpg | location_city=Leopoldstadt, Vienna | location_country=Austria | pushpin_map =Austria Vienna#Austria | name=Rotunde | status=Destroyed by a fire in 1937 }} The '''Rotunde''' ({{IPA|de|roˈtʊndə|lang}}) in [Vienna](/source/Vienna)'s [Leopoldstadt](/source/Leopoldstadt) district was a building erected for the [1873 Vienna World's Fair](/source/1873_Vienna_World's_Fair) ({{langx|de|Weltausstellung 1873 Wien}}). The building was a partially covered circular [wrought iron](/source/wrought_iron) construction, {{Cvt|84.1|m}} tall, with a diameter of {{Cvt|107.83|m}}.{{cite journal | date=1873 | doi=10.1016/0016-0032(73)90149-x | first=Wilhelm H. Heinrich | issn=0016-0032 | issue=3 | journal=Journal of the Franklin Institute | last=Uhland | oclc=1044760573 | orig-date=1872-11 | page=185 | publisher=Published by the Franklin Institute at their Hall | title=Notes on the Vienna Universal exposition| volume=95 }}{{Efn|"Accurately stated, the exterior diameter of the Rotunde is 107·83 meters, and its height 84·1 meters"}} While the Rotunde stood, its dome was the [largest in the world](/source/List_of_largest_domes), larger than the [Pantheon in Rome](/source/Pantheon%2C_Rome).{{Efn|The Pantheon in Rome, which was dedicated {{circa|126}} AD, over 1,700 years before the Rotunde was completed, has a dome that is {{Cvt|43.3|m}} in diameter}}. The Rotunde burned down in 1937. Its former site is now occupied by buildings associated with the [Vienna University of Economics and Business](/source/Vienna_University_of_Economics_and_Business), and with [Messe Wien](/source/Messe_Wien). == Construction == The Rotunde was designed by the Austrian architect [Baron Karl von Hasenauer](/source/Baron_Karl_von_Hasenauer), and was built by the [German](/source/Germans) entrepreneur and bridge builder {{ill |1=Johann Caspar Harkort VI | 2=de | 3=Johann Caspar Harkort VI.}} and his company based in [Duisburg](/source/Duisburg). The [Scottish](/source/Scotland) [civil engineer](/source/civil_engineer) [John Scott Russell](/source/John_Scott_Russell) was responsible for the dome, which was built with [wrought iron](/source/wrought_iron).{{cite web | title=The Rotunda of the 1873 Vienna International Exhibition World's Fair Treasury | date=2006-02-23 | url=https://digital.lib.umd.edu/worldsfairs/result/id/umd:992 | access-date=2023-09-12 | first=Ly Y. | last=Bui}} thumb|left|The Rotunde under construction in October 1872 thumb|left|The opening of the 1873 Vienna World's Fair inside the Rotunde The German engineer and journalist [Wilhelm Heinrich Uhland](/source/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Uhland) reported, that the Rotunde weighed approximately "80,000 hundredweight (Zoll centner), or about 4000 tons", that is, {{Cvt|4000000|kg}}.{{Efn|"The total weight of the structure of the Rotunde may be stated in round numbers at 80,000 hundredweight (Zoll centner), or about 4000 tons"}} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | '''Conversions of the Rotunde's weight''' |- | A [centner](/source/Quintal) is a unit of mass equal to 100 of some base unit of mass. The German equivalent of the centner is the {{lang|de|[Zentner](/source/Zentner)}}, and its base unit was traditionally the pound ({{langx|de|Pfund}}), the definition of which varied in Germany. In 1854 the {{lang|de|[Zollpfund](/source/Zollpfund)}} was defined by the [German Customs Union](/source/Zollverein) ({{langx|de|Zollverein}}) as being equal to 500 [gram](/source/gram)s. The "Zoll[ ]zentner"{{cite book| date=1909| language=de| page=982| publisher=Bibliographisches Institut| title=Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon| volume=20}} or "Zoll[ ]centner"{{cite book| date=1862| first=Friedrich Benedikt Wilhelm| last=von Hermann| pages=RA2-PA228| series=Reports from Committees| title=Eleven Volumes. : —(2.)— : East India Communication; Sydney Branch Mint; Weights and Measures| volume=7}} is a {{lang|de|Zentner}}/centner with the {{lang|de|Zollpfund}} as its base unit: the {{lang|de|Zollzentner}} is equal to 100 {{lang|de|Zollpfund}}. Accordingly, the weight of the Rotunde reported by Uhland can be converted into metric units: 80,000\ \text{Zollzentner}\cdot\frac{100\ \text{Zollpfund}}{1\ \text{Zollzentner}} = 8,000,000\ \text{Zollpfund} 8,000,000\ \text{Zollpfund}\cdot\frac{500\ \text{g}}{1\ \text{Zollpfund}} = 4,000,000,000\ \text{g} 4,000,000,000\ \text{g}\cdot\frac{1\ \text{kg}}{1000\ \text{g}} = 4,000,000\ \text{kg} 4,000,000\ \text{kg}\cdot\frac{1\ \text{t}}{1000\ \text{kg}} = 4,000\ \text{t} So, by "4000 tons", Uhland presumably meant 4,000 [tonnes/metric tons](/source/tonne) ([SI](/source/International_System_of_Units) symbol t), not [short](/source/Short_ton) or [long](/source/Long_ton) tons. |} The central building of the World's Fair was accepted enthusiastically by the public. After the World's Fair, the Rotunde was used for shows and fairs. == Fiakerlied == [[File:Gustav Pick Wiener Fiakerlied.jpg|thumb|left|Sheet music cover art of [Girardi](/source/Alexander_Girardi)'s 1885 performance in the Rotunde]] [Alexander Girardi](/source/Alexander_Girardi) performed in the Rotunde on 24–25 May 1885, singing [Gustav Pick](/source/Gustav_Pick)'s new composition, the {{lang|de|[Fiakerlied](/source/Fiakerlied)}}, for the first time.{{cite book| issn=0005-0520| number=6| publisher=Austrian Information Service| section=The Prater—Two Centuries of a Vienna Institution| title=Austrian Information| pages=RA5-PA5| volume=XIX| year=1966}}{{ cite book| first=Susana| first2=Wolfgang| isbn=9783990940891| language=de| last=Zapke| last2=Fichna| oclc=1396220012| publisher=Hollitzer Wissenschaftsverlag| title=Die Musik des Wiener Praters. Eine liederliche Träumerei: Unbekannte Lieder aus zwei Jahrhunderten| page=PA106| year=2023}} == Jubilee Exhibition 1898 == In 1898, [Emperor Franz Joseph](/source/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria)'s Jubilee Exhibition (''Jubiläumsausstellung'') was held in the Rotunde. The "Collective Exhibition of Austrian Automobile Builders" ({{langx|de|Collektivausstellung österreichischer Automobilbauer}}), organized by the {{ill|Austrian Automobile Club|de|Österreichischer Automobil-Club}} ({{langx|de|Österreichische Automobil-Club}}), was held as part of the Jubilee Exhibition. Four automobiles from manufacturers in [Austria-Hungary](/source/Austria-Hungary) were shown: the automobile built by [Siegfried Marcus](/source/Siegfried_Marcus) in 1888–1889 (the first automobile built in Austria-Hungary), an [Egger-Lohner](/source/Egger-Lohner_C.2_Phaeton) electric automobile, an Egger-Lohner petrol automobile, and the {{Lang|de|Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau-Fabriks-Gesellschaft}} (now [Tatra](/source/Tatra_(company))) [Präsident](/source/Pr%C3%A4sident). ==Notes== {{Notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category}} * [http://aeiou.at/r/r897923.htm Rotunde]{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{In lang|de}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023}} {{Authority control}} Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1873 Category:Buildings and structures in Vienna Category:Buildings and structures in Leopoldstadt Category:World's fair architecture in Europe Category:Burned buildings and structures in Europe Category:Former buildings and structures in Austria --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Rotunde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotunde) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotunde?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.