# Rossellidae

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{{Short description|Family of sponges}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Hirnantian|Recent}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Botting |first1=Joseph P. |last2=Janussen |first2=Dorte |last3=Zhang |first3=Yuandong |last4=Muir |first4=Lucy A. |title=Exceptional preservation of two new early rossellid sponges: the dominant species in the Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) Anji Biota of China |journal=Journal of the Geological Society |date=September 2020 |volume=177 |issue=5 |pages=1025–1038 |doi=10.1144/jgs2020-002}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Botting |first1=Joseph P. |last2=Janussen |first2=Dorte |last3=Dohrmann |first3=Martin |last4=Muir |first4=Lucy A. |last5=Zhang |first5=Yuandong |last6=Ma |first6=Junye |title=Advanced crown‐group Rossellidae (Porifera: Hexactinellida) resembling extant taxa from the Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) Anji Biota |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |date=January 2025 |volume=11 |issue=1 |doi=10.1002/spp2.70000}}</ref>
| image = Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76 - under the command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and Captain Frank Turle Thomson, R.N. (1887) (14761775976).jpg
| image_caption = ''[Rossella antarctica](/source/Rossella_antarctica)'', illustration in: Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76 : under the command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and Captain Frank Turle Thomson, R.N. 1887
| taxon = Rossellidae
| authority = [Schulze](/source/Franz_Eilhard_Schulze), 1885<ref>Ueber das Verhältnis der Spongien zu den Choanoflagellaten. Franz Eilhard Schulze 1885.</ref><ref>Schulze, F.E. 1885. The Hexactinellida. Pp. 437-451. In: Tizard, T.H., Moseley, H.M., Buchanan, J.Y. & Murray, J. (Eds), Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘Challenger’, 1873-1876. Narrative, 1(1).</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
| subdivision = 
* [Acanthascinae](/source/Acanthascinae) 
* [Lanuginellinae](/source/Lanuginellinae) 
* [Rossellinae](/source/Rossellinae) 
}}
'''Rossellidae''' is a family of glass sponges belonging to the order [Lyssacinosa](/source/Lyssacinosa). The family has a [cosmopolitan distribution](/source/cosmopolitan_distribution) and is found at a large range of depths ({{Convert|8-6770|m|ft|abbr=on}}, and likely deeper).<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Tabachnick|first=Konstantin R.|title=Family Rossellidae Schulze, 1885|date=2002|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_148|work=Systema Porifera|pages=1441–1505|editor-last=Hooper|editor-first=John N. A.|place=Boston, MA|publisher=Springer US|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_148|isbn=978-0-306-47260-2|access-date=|editor2-last=Van Soest|editor2-first=Rob W. M.|editor3-last=Willenz|editor3-first=Philippe|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

== Description ==
The body is usually a cup-like structure. In stalked forms the body can be mushroom-like. [Spicules](/source/Spicule_(sponge)) protruding beyond the sponge surface, when present, are diactines (spicules with two pointed arms) or specialised outwardly protruding hypodermal pentactines (five pointed spicules).<ref name=":0" />

The choanosomal skeleton consists of diactines, sometimes together with less frequent hexactines (spicules with six prongs). A large variety of microscleres occur in this family, including a variety of holactinoidal and asterous spicules.<ref name=":0" />

== Subfamilies and genera ==
{{As of|2017}}, [WoRMS](/source/WoRMS) recognizes three subfamilies and twenty-six genera in the family:<ref>{{cite WoRMS|id=131694|title=Rossellidae Schulze, 1885|author=van Soest, R. |year=2010|db=Porifera|accessdate=12 November 2017}}</ref>
* Subfamily [Acanthascinae](/source/Acanthascinae) {{small|Schulze, 1897}}
** ''[Acanthascus](/source/Acanthascus)'' {{small|Schulze, 1886}}
** ''[Rhabdocalyptus](/source/Rhabdocalyptus)'' {{small|Schulze, 1886}}
** ''[Staurocalyptus](/source/Staurocalyptus)'' {{small|Ijima, 1897}}
* Subfamily [Lanuginellinae](/source/Lanuginellinae) {{small|Gray, 1872}}
** ''[Calycosoma](/source/Calycosoma)'' {{small|Schulze, 1899}}
** ''[Caulophacus](/source/Caulophacus)'' {{small|Schulze, 1886}}
** ''[Doconesthes](/source/Doconesthes)'' {{small|Topsent, 1928}}
** ''[Lanuginella](/source/Lanuginella)'' {{small|Schmidt, 1870}}
** ''[Lanugonychia](/source/Lanugonychia)'' {{small|Lendenfeld, 1915}}
** ''[Lophocalyx](/source/Lophocalyx)'' {{small|Schulze, 1887}}
** ''[Mellonympha](/source/Mellonympha)'' {{small|Schulze, 1897}}
** ''[Sympagella](/source/Sympagella)'' {{small|Schmidt, 1870}}
* Subfamily [Rossellinae](/source/Rossellinae) {{small|Schulze, 1885}}
** ''[Anoxycalyx](/source/Anoxycalyx)'' {{small|Kirkpatrick, 1907}}
** ''[Aphorme](/source/Aphorme)'' {{small|Schulze, 1899}}
** ''[Asconema](/source/Asconema)'' {{small|Kent, 1870}}
** ''[Aulosaccus](/source/Aulosaccus)'' {{small|Ijima, 1896}}
** ''[Bathydorus](/source/Bathydorus)'' {{small|Schulze, 1886}}
** ''[Crateromorpha](/source/Crateromorpha)'' {{small|Gray in Carter, 1872}}
** ''[Hyalascus](/source/Hyalascus)'' {{small|Ijima, 1896}}
** ''[Nodastrella](/source/Nodastrella)'' {{small|Dohrmann, Göcke, Reed & Janussen, 2012}}
** [''Rossella''](/source/Rossella_(sponge)) {{small|Carter, 1872}}<ref>{{cite web |title=World Porifera Database - Species - Rossella Carter, 1872 |url=https://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=132127 |website=www.marinespecies.org |access-date=23 March 2021}}</ref>
** ''[Schaudinnia](/source/Schaudinnia)'' {{small|Schulze, 1900}}
** ''[Scyphidium](/source/Scyphidium)'' {{small|Schulze, 1900}}
** ''[Symplectella](/source/Symplectella)'' {{small|Dendy, 1924}}
** [''Trichasterina''](/source/Trichasterina_(sponge)) {{small|Schulze, 1900}}
** ''[Vazella](/source/Vazella)'' {{small|Gray, 1870}}
** ''[Vitrollula](/source/Vitrollula)'' {{small|Ijima, 1898}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Dohrmann, M. ; C. Göcke ; J. Reed & D. Janussen, 2012: Integrative taxonomy justifies a new genus, Nodastrella gen. nov., for North Atlantic "Rossella" species (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Rossellidae). Zootaxa 3383: 1–13.
* Sautya, S.; Tabachnick, K.R.; Ingole, B. 2010: First record of Hyalascus (Hexactinellida: Rossellidae) from the Indian Ocean, with description of a new species from a volcanic seamount in the Andaman Sea. Zootaxa, 2667: 64-68

== External links ==
* {{Wikispecies-inline}}
* {{Commons-inline}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q6532497}}

Category:Hexactinellida
Category:Sponge families

{{sponge-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Rossellidae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossellidae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossellidae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.