# Roseodendron

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***Roseodendron*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of [flowering plants](/source/Flowering_plant) in the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Bignoniaceae](/source/Bignoniaceae).[1] It consists of two [species](/source/Species), *[Roseodendron donnell-smithii](/source/Roseodendron_donnell-smithii)* and *[Roseodendron chryseum](/source/Roseodendron_chryseum)*. The [type species](/source/Type_species) for the genus is *R. donnell-smithii*.[2] Both species are [cultivated](/source/Gardening) as [ornamentals](/source/Ornamental_plant) for their numerous, large, yellow flowers.[3]

*[Roseodendron donnell-smithii](/source/Roseodendron_donnell-smithii)* is known [colloquially](/source/Common_name) as **primavera**. It is the larger and more frequently [planted](/source/Sowing) of the two species.[4] Its [wood](/source/Wood) is sometimes used to make [furniture](/source/Furniture).[1] It is [native](/source/Indigenous_(ecology)) to [Central America](/source/Central_America) and southern [Mexico](/source/Mexico), but it is also [grown](/source/Horticulture) throughout the [tropics](/source/Tropics).[4]

*Roseodendron chryseum* is [endemic](/source/Endemism) to the [dry forests](/source/Dry_forest) of northern [Colombia](/source/Colombia) and northwestern [Venezuela](/source/Venezuela). It is known as **araguaney**, a name that also applies to *[Handroanthus chrysanthus](/source/Handroanthus_chrysanthus)*. It differs from *R. donnell-smithii* in its smaller stature, smaller fruit, and more compact inflorescence. The inflorescence is a [panicle](/source/Panicle), but appears [racemose](/source/Raceme) because of the short lateral branches and [pedicels](/source/Pedicel_(botany)).[5]

Both species have been [placed](/source/Biological_classification) in *[Cybistax](/source/Cybistax)*[3] and in *[Tabebuia](/source/Tabebuia)*,[5] and they were thought to be [closely related](/source/Phylogeny) to *[Handroanthus](/source/Handroanthus)*. In 2007, a [molecular phylogenetic](/source/Molecular_phylogenetic) [study](/source/Research) showed that *Roseodendron* is not closer to *Tabebuia* than *[Ekmanianthe](/source/Ekmanianthe)*, not closer to *Cybistax* than are *[Godmania](/source/Godmania)* and *[Zeyheria](/source/Zeyheria)*, and not closer to *Handroanthus* than are *[Spirotecoma](/source/Spirotecoma)*, *[Parmentiera](/source/Parmentiera)*, *[Crescentia](/source/Crescentia)*, and *[Amphitecna](/source/Amphitecna)*.[6] The authors recommended that *Roseodendron* be [resurrected](/source/Resurrection_(taxonomy)) from *Tabebuia*, under which most authors of that time had [synonymized](/source/Synonym_(taxonomy)) it.[7]

## Description

- The [wood](/source/Wood) is not especially heavy or hard, like that of *Handroanthus*.
- The [indumentum](/source/Indumentum) is of [lepidote](/source/Glossary_of_botanical_terms#lepidote) scales and small [glandular](/source/Gland_(botany)) [hairs](/source/Trichome).
- The [inflorescence](/source/Inflorescence) has an erect and sturdy central [rachis](/source/Rachis).
- The [calyx](/source/Calyx_(botany)) is [spathaceous](/source/Spathe), usually somewhat [viscid](/source/Glossary_of_botanical_terms#viscid), and is soft and thin like the [corolla](/source/Corolla_(flower)).
- The corolla is [yellow](/source/Yellow) and sometimes has thin, red lines.
- The [fruit](/source/Fruit) is [bullate](/source/Glossary_of_botanical_terms#bullate) and irregularly [costate](/source/Glossary_of_botanical_terms#costate).

The calyx texture and inflorescence structure of *Roseodendron* distinguish it clearly from *Handroanthus* and *Tabebuia*. The fruit ridges are much more conspicuous than those of any species of *Tabebuia*.

## History

*Roseodendron donnell-smithii* was named by [Joseph N. Rose](/source/Joseph_Nelson_Rose) in 1892[8] as a species of *Tabebuia*.[9] The [specific epithet](/source/Specific_epithet_(botany)) honors [Captain](/source/Captain_(United_States)) [John Donnell Smith](/source/John_Donnell_Smith) (1829–1928), a [biologist](/source/Biologist) and [officer](/source/Officer_(armed_forces)) in the [Confederate States Army](/source/Confederate_States_Army).[10]

*Roseodendron chryseum* was named by [Sidney Fay Blake](/source/Sidney_Fay_Blake) in 1918[8] as a species of *Tabebuia*.[11] The specific epithet is [derived](/source/Etymology) from a [Greek](/source/Greek_language) word meaning "gold colored".[12]

*Roseodendron donnell-smithii* was transferred from *Tabebuia* to *[Cybistax](/source/Cybistax)* by [Russell J. Seibert](/source/Russell_J._Seibert) in 1940.[13] Seibert did likewise for *R. chryseum* soon afterward, in the same year.[14]

The genus *Roseodendron* was described in 1965 by [Faustino Miranda Gonzalez](/source/Faustino_Miranda).[15] It was [named](/source/Neologism) for [Joseph Nelson Rose](/source/Joseph_Nelson_Rose). *Dendron* is a [Greek](/source/Greek_language) word meaning "tree". Miranda assigned to *Roseodendron* the same 2 species that it includes today.

Both of these species were transferred back to *Tabebuia* by Alwyn H. Gentry in 1992.[5] In that year, Gentry published a [taxonomic](/source/Taxonomy_(biology)) revision of *Tabebuia* in [Flora Neotropica](/source/Flora_Neotropica). He divided *Tabebuia* into 10 species groups, including all of the species now placed in *Roseodendron* and *Handroanthus*. His group 1 corresponds to *Roseodendron*.

In 2007, a [phylogenetic](/source/Phylogenetic) analysis of [DNA sequences](/source/DNA_sequence) resolved *Roseodendron* as one member of a [tetratomy](/source/Polytomy) that is [sister](/source/Sister_taxon) to *[Sparattosperma](/source/Sparattosperma)*, the most [basal](/source/Basal_(phylogenetics)) [clade](/source/Clade) in the *Tabebuia* [alliance](/source/Alliance_(taxonomy)).[6] A [phylogenetic tree](/source/Phylogenetic_tree) can be seen at [Bignoniaceae](/source/Bignoniaceae#Phylogeny). The *Tabebuia* alliance is an [informally named](/source/Botanical_nomenclature) [monophyletic](/source/Monophyletic) [group](/source/Taxon) that is not placed at any [taxonomic rank](/source/Taxonomic_rank). It consists of genera that had formerly been placed in the [tribe](/source/Tribe_(biology)) [Tecomeae](/source/Tecomeae).[16]

On 25th of November, 2024, both members of the genus *Roseodendron* will be put on Appendix II of [CITES](/source/CITES),[17] which means that international trade will be controlled for sustainability.

## References

1. David J. Mabberley. 2008. *Mabberley's Plant-Book* third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4

1. *Roseodendron* In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: [Regnum Vegetabile](/source/Regnum_Vegetabile) (see *External links* below).

1. [Anthony Huxley](/source/Anthony_Huxley), Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (1992). *The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening*. The Macmillan Press,Limited: London. The Stockton Press: New York. ISBN 978-0-333-47494-5 (set).

1. George W. Staples and Derral R. Herbst. 2005. "A Tropical Garden Flora" Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu, HI, USA. ISBN 978-1-58178-039-0

1. Alwyn H. Gentry. 1992. "Bignoniaceae: Part II (Tribe Tecomeae)". *Flora Neotropica* Monograph **25**(part 2):1-373.

1. Susan O. Grose and Richard G. Olmstead. 2007. "Evolution of a Charismatic Neotropical Clade: Molecular Phylogeny of *Tabebuia* s.l., Crescentieae, and Allied Genera (Bignoniaceae)". *Systematic Botany* **32**(3):650-659.

1. Susan O. Grose and Richard G. Olmstead. 2007. "Taxonomic Revisions in the Polyphyletic Genus *Tabebuia* s.l. (Bignoniaceae)". *Systematic Botany* **32**(3):660-670.

1. *Roseodendron* in International Plant Names Index. (see *External links* below).

1. Joseph N. Rose. 1892. Botanical Gazette; Paper of Botanical Notes. 17: 418, tab. 26 (since 1992, *[International Journal of Plant Sciences](/source/International_Journal_of_Plant_Sciences)*).

1. Elbert L. Little, Jr. and Roger G. Skolmen. 1989. *Common Forest Trees of Hawaii*. [United States Forest Service](/source/United_States_Forest_Service). [pdf](/source/Pdf) by [ctahr](/source/College_of_Tropical_Agriculture_and_Human_Resources) (2005). (See *External links* below).

1. Sidney Fay Blake. 1918. title?. *Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University* **53**( ):50.

1. Chuck Griffith. 2005. Dictionary of Botanical Epithets (website). (See *External links* below).

1. Russell J. Seibert. 1940. "Botany of the Maya Area". *Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington* 522:392.

1. Russell J. Seibert. 1940. "New names in *Cybistax* and *Tabebuia*". *Tropical Woods* **63**:7-8.

1. Faustino Miranda-Gonzalez. 1965. "Estudios acerca de arboles y arbustos de America Tropical principamente de Mexico". *Boletin de la Sociedad Botanica de Mexico* 29( ):34-49.

1. Richard G. Olmstead, Michelle L. Zjhra, Lúcia G. Lohmann, Susan O. Grose, and Andrew J. Eckert. 2009. "A molecular phylogeny and classification of Bignoniaceae". *American Journal of Botany* **96**(9):1731-1743. [doi:10.3732/ajb.0900004](https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900004)

1. ["Appendicies"](https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php). *CITES*. Retrieved 16 May 2024.

## External links

- [*Roseodendron*](http://www.botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Roseodendron) At: [Index Nominum Genericorum](http://www.botany.si.edu/ing/) At: [References](http://www.botany.si.edu/index.htm?references) At: [NMNH Department of Botany](http://www.botany.si.edu/index.htm) At: [Research and Collections](http://www.mnh.si.edu/rc/) At: [Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History](http://www.mnh.si.edu/)
- [*Roseodendron*](http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advPlantNameSearch.do?find_family=&find_genus=Roseodendron+&find_species=&find_infrafamily=&find_infragenus=&find_infraspecies=&find_authorAbbrev=&find_includePublicationAuthors=on&find_includePublicationAuthors=off&find_includeBasionymAuthors=on&find_includeBasionymAuthors=off&find_publicationTitle=&find_isAPNIRecord=on&find_isAPNIRecord=false&find_isGCIRecord=on&find_isGCIRecord=false&find_isIKRecord=on&find_isIKRecord=false&find_rankToReturn=all&output_format=normal&find_sortByFamily=on&find_sortByFamily=off&query_type=by_query&back_page=plantsearch) At: [Plant Names](http://www.ipni.org/ipni/plantnamesearchpage.do) At: [IPNI](http://www.ipni.org/)
- [chrysacanthion - ciliosus](http://www.winternet.com/~chuckg/dictionary/dictionary.61.html) At: [Dictionary of Botanical Epithets](http://www.winternet.com/~chuckg/dictionary.html)
- [Primavera](http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Roseodendron_donnell_smithii.pdf) In: [*Common Forest Trees of Hawaii*](http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/little_skolmen.html)
- [Bignoniaceae](http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/advsearch.do) At: [Advanced Search](http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/advanced.do) At: [Search Tool](http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/prepareChecklist.do;jsessionid=DDBA5456114CA28530C469EF181730E1?checklist=iplants%40%40327221120120516622) At: [iplants](http://www.iplants.org/)
- [*Roseodendron* (search exact)](http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40027046) At: [Names](http://www.tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx) At: [Tropicos](http://www.tropicos.org) At: [Science and Conservation](http://www.mobot.org/plantscience/default.asp) At: [Missouri Botanical Garden](http://www.mobot.org)
- [*Roseodendron*](http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?16336) At: [List of Genera](http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?147) At: [Bignoniaceae](https://web.archive.org/web/20120916030658/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?147) At: [List of Families](http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/famlist.pl) At: [Families and Genera in GRIN](http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxfam.pl?language=en) At: [Queries](http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/queries.pl?language=en) At: [GRIN taxonomy for plants](http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl)
- [Digitifolieae](https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/423308) At: [Bignoniaceae](https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/24079) At: [Lamiales](https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/4143) At: [lamiids](https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/91888) In: ··· [Embryophyta](https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/3193) At: [Streptophytina](https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/131221) At: [Streptophyta](https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/35493) At: [Viridiplantae](https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/33090) At: [Eukaryota](https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/2759) At: [Taxonomy](https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/) At: [UniProt](https://www.uniprot.org/)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Roseodendron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roseodendron) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roseodendron?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.