# Rose hip > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Rose_hip > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Rose_hip.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_hip > Source revision: 1320434468 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Fruit of the rose plant}} {{Redirect|Rosehip|the type of neuron|Rosehip neuron|the album "The Rosehips"|Kevin Junior#The Rosehips}} {{About|the fruit of the rose flower plant|the manga|Rose Hip Rose|and|Rose Hip Zero|the Girls und Panzer character|List of Girls und Panzer characters#Rosehip}} [[File:Rose hips.jpg|thumb|right|Rose hips from ''[Rosa rugosa](/source/Rosa_rugosa)'' (beach rose)]] [[File:Rosa rubiginosa hips.jpg|thumb|right|[Sweet-briar](/source/Rosa_rubiginosa) ssp. complete with persistent [sepals](/source/Sepal) at the end of the fully ripened hip, backward pointing thorns and hairs covering the [pedicels](/source/Pedicel_(botany)) and fruiting body.]] [[File:Rosa roxburghii - Quarryhill Botanical Garden - DSC03252.JPG|thumb|right|Rose hips from ''[Rosa roxburghii](/source/Rosa_roxburghii)'' in [Quarryhill Botanical Garden](/source/Quarryhill_Botanical_Garden), California ]] The '''rose hip''' or '''rosehip''', also called '''rose haw''' and '''rose hep''', is the [accessory fruit](/source/accessory_fruit) of the various species of [rose](/source/rose) plant. It is typically red to orange, but ranges from dark purple to black in some species. Rose hips begin to form after [pollination](/source/pollination) of flowers in spring or early summer, and ripen in late summer through autumn. ==Propagation== Roses are propagated from rose hips by removing the [achene](/source/achene)s that contain the seeds from the [hypanthium](/source/hypanthium) (the outer coating) and sowing just beneath the surface of the soil.{{Cite book |last=Meyer |first=Susan E. |url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/nsl/Wpsm/Rosa.pdf |title=Rosa L. |publisher=[United States Forest Service](/source/United_States_Forest_Service) |page=2}} The seeds can take up to a year to germinate.{{Cite book |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/membership/pdfs/seed-scheme/harvested-seed-germination-requirements.pdf |title=Harvested seed – Germination requirements (RHS Seed Scheme) |publisher=[Royal Horticultural Society](/source/Royal_Horticultural_Society) |page=14}} Most species require chilling ([stratification](/source/Stratification_(botany))), with some, such as ''[Rosa canina](/source/Rosa_canina)'', only germinating after two winter chill periods.{{cite journal |last1=Stoian-Dod |first1=Roxana L. |last2=Dan |first2=Catalina |last3=Morar |first3=Irina M. |date=2023-08-10 |title=Seed Germination within Genus Rosa: The Complexity of the Process and Influencing Factors |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/8/914 |journal=Horticulturae |volume=9 |issue=8 |pages=914 |doi= |access-date=2025-11-04 |quote=According to the winter environment in the rose’s native regions, a specific, adapted seed dormancy was established. In species like R. rugosa, R. gallica, R. canina, and *R. soulieana, it is known that dormancy can only be broken following intervals of chilling at 1–4 °C. Before germination, some roses require a second winter vernalization.}} ==Uses== [[File:Rose hip jam on a bread roll.jpg|thumb|[Rose hip jam](/source/Hagebuttenmark) on a bread roll]] Rose hips are used in [bread](/source/bread) and [pie](/source/pie)s, [jam](/source/Hagebuttenmark), [jelly](/source/Fruit_preserves), [marmalade](/source/marmalade), [syrup](/source/syrup), [soup](/source/rose_hip_soup), [tea](/source/herbal_tea), [wine](/source/Fruit_wine), and other [beverage](/source/beverage)s. Rose hips can be eaten raw, like berries, if care is taken to avoid the hairs inside the fruit. These [urticating hairs](/source/Urticating_hair) are used as [itching powder](/source/itching_powder).{{cite journal |author=Albert MR |year=1998 |title=Novelty shop "itching powder |journal=Australasian Journal of Dermatology |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=188–9 |doi=10.1111/j.1440-0960.1998.tb01281.x |pmid=9737050 |s2cid=9033914}} A few rose species are sometimes grown for the ornamental value of their hips, such as ''[Rosa moyesii](/source/Rosa_moyesii)'', which has prominent, large, red bottle-shaped fruits. ''[Rosa macrophylla](/source/Rosa_macrophylla)'' 'Master Hugh' has the largest hips of any readily available rose.{{cite web |last1=Rise |first1=Graham |title=Hipster roses |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/articles/graham-rice/shrubs-and-climbers/rosehips |date=2022 |publisher=The Royal Horticultural Society |access-date=29 March 2022 |archive-date=29 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329061057/https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/articles/graham-rice/shrubs-and-climbers/rosehips |url-status=live }} Rose hips are commonly used in herbal tea, often blended with [hibiscus](/source/hibiscus). An oil is also extracted from the seeds. [Rose hip soup](/source/Rose_hip_soup), known as {{lang|sv|nyponsoppa}} in [Swedish](/source/Swedish_language), is especially popular in Sweden. [Rhodomel](/source/wiktionary%3Arhodomel), a type of [mead](/source/mead), is made with rose hips. Rose hips can be used to make {{lang|hu|[pálinka](/source/p%C3%A1linka)}}, the traditional Hungarian fruit [brandy](/source/brandy) popular in Hungary, Romania, and other countries sharing Austro-Hungarian history. Rose hips are also the central ingredient of [cockta](/source/cockta), the fruity-tasting national soft drink of [Slovenia](/source/Slovenia). Dried rose hips are also sold for crafts and home fragrance purposes. The [Inupiat](/source/Inupiat) mix rose hips with [wild redcurrant](/source/Ribes_triste) and [highbush cranberries](/source/Viburnum_trilobum) and boil them into a syrup.{{cite book |last=Jones |first=Anore |year=1983 |title=Nauriat Niġiñaqtuat: Plants That We Eat |location=Kotzebue, Alaska |publisher=Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program |page=105}} ==Nutrients and research== thumb | Rose hips under the snow Wild rose hip fruits are particularly rich in [vitamin C](/source/vitamin_C), containing 426 mg per 100 g{{cite web |title=Rose Hips, wild (Northern Plains Indians) per 100 g |url=https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/168998/nutrients |publisher=US Department of Agriculture, National Nutrient Database, Standard Reference Release 28 |access-date=28 January 2018 |date=2016 |archive-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403171801/https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168998/nutrients |url-status=live }} or 0.4% by weight (w/w). [RP-HPLC](/source/RP-HPLC) assays of fresh rose hips and several commercially available products revealed a wide range of [L-ascorbic acid](/source/L-ascorbic_acid) (vitamin C) content, ranging from 0.03 to 1.3%.{{cite journal |author=Ziegler SJ |title=Fast and Selective Assay of l-Ascorbic Acid in Rose Hips by RP-HPLC Coupled with Electrochemical and/or Spectrophotometric Detection |journal=Planta Medica |volume=52 |issue=5 |pages=383–7 |date=1986 |pmid=17345347 |doi=10.1055/s-2007-969192}} Rose hips contain the [carotenoid](/source/carotenoid)s [beta-carotene](/source/beta-carotene), [lutein](/source/lutein), [zeaxanthin](/source/zeaxanthin), and [lycopene](/source/lycopene).{{cite journal |author=Jacoby FC |author2=Wokes F |title=Carotene and lycopene in rose hips and other fruit |year=1944 |pmid=16747793 |volume=38 |issue=3 |journal=Biochemical Journal|pages=279–82 |pmc=1258081 |doi=10.1042/bj0380279}}{{cite journal |title=Carotenoid composition and in vitro pharmacological activity of rose hips |journal=Acta Biochimica Polonica |year=2012 |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=129–32 |url=http://www.actabp.pl/pdf/1_2012/129.pdf |pmid=22428123|display-authors=3 |last1=Horváth |first1=G |last2=Molnár |first2=P |last3=Radó-Turcsi |first3=E |last4=Deli |first4=J |last5=Kawase |first5=M |last6=Satoh |first6=K |last7=Tanaka |first7=T |last8=Tani |first8=S |last9=Sakagami |first9=H |last10=Gyémánt |first10=N |last11=Molnár |first11=J |doi=10.18388/abp.2012_2187 |doi-access=free |access-date=2014-07-29 |archive-date=2022-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103152524/http://www.actabp.pl/pdf/1_2012/129.pdf |url-status=live }} A [meta-analysis](/source/meta-analysis) of human studies examining the potential for rose hip extracts to reduce [arthritis](/source/arthritis) pain concluded there was a small effect requiring further analysis of safety and efficacy in [clinical trial](/source/clinical_trial)s.{{cite journal |pmid=18407528 |title=Does the hip powder of ''Rosa canina'' (rosehip) reduce pain in osteoarthritis patients?--a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Osteoarthritis and Cartilage |year=2008 |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=965–72 |doi=10.1016/j.joca.2008.03.001 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0026445/ |last1=Christensen |first1=R |last2=Bartels |first2=E. M. |last3=Altman |first3=R. D. |last4=Astrup |first4=A |last5=Bliddal |first5=H |doi-access=free |access-date=2016-03-14 |archive-date=2022-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331104847/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK75292/ |url-status=dead }} Use of rose hips is not considered an effective treatment for knee [osteoarthritis](/source/osteoarthritis).{{Cite journal |pmid=24462672 |year=2014 |last1=McAlindon |first1=T. E. |title=OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis |journal=Osteoarthritis and Cartilage|display-authors=3 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=363–88 |last2=Bannuru |first2=R. R. |last3=Sullivan |first3=M. C. |last4=Arden |first4=N. K. |last5=Berenbaum |first5=F |last6=Bierma-Zeinstra |first6=S. M. |last7=Hawker |first7=G. A. |last8=Henrotin |first8=Y |last9=Hunter |first9=D. J.|last10=Kawaguchi|first10=H |last11=Kwoh |first11=K |last12=Lohmander |first12=S |last13=Rannou |first13=F |last14=Roos |first14=E. M. |last15=Underwood |first15=M |doi=10.1016/j.joca.2014.01.003|doi-access=free}} ==See also== *[Rose hip seed oil](/source/Rose_hip_seed_oil) *''[Rosa moschata](/source/Rosa_moschata)'' *''[Rosa rubiginosa](/source/Rosa_rubiginosa)'' *''[Rosa gymnocarpa](/source/Rosa_gymnocarpa)'' *''[Rosa roxburghii](/source/Rosa_roxburghii)'' ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==External links== *{{Commons-inline|Rose hip}} {{Rose}} {{Authority control}} Category:Fruit morphology Category:Herbal teas Category:Roses Category:Food ingredients --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Rose hip](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_hip) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_hip?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.