# Ronde script

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{{Short description|Sixteenth-century handwriting script}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{Lang|fr|Ronde|nocat=y}} script}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
[[File:EcritureRonde-Encyclopedie.jpg|thumb|{{Lang|fr|Ronde}}, bookplate on the {{Lang|fr|Encyclopédie}}, by calligrapher {{Lang|fr|[Charles Paillasson](/source/Charles_Paillasson)|italic=no}}]]
thumb|Proportions of {{lang|fr|ronde}} script
'''{{Lang|fr|Ronde}}''' ('round' in [French](/source/French_language)) is a kind of script in which the heavy strokes are nearly upright, giving the characters when taken together a round look.<ref>{{cite book |year=1913 |title=Webster's Dictionary |language=English }}</ref> It appeared in France at the end of the 16th century, growing out from a late local variant of Gothic cursive influenced by North Italian Renaissance types in [Rotunda](/source/Rotunda_(script)), a bookish round Gothic style, as well as {{lang|fr|[Civilité](/source/Civilit%C3%A9)|italic=no}}, also a late French variant of Gothic cursive. It was popularized by writing masters such as {{lang|fr|[Louis Barbedor](/source/Louis_Barbedor)|italic=no}} in the 17th century.

While this style of writing fell out of popularity after the invention of a mass-produced pointed [pen from steel](/source/dip_pen) in the early 19th century, in the 1870s [Friedrich Soennecken](/source/Friedrich_Soennecken) reintroduced it again (this time with a steel broad-nibbed pen) in the modified form of his {{lang|de|Rundschrift}}. It was still in wide use until the 20th century because it was used in French school manuals to teach the bases of cursive writing, and was also commonly used by the scribes of the [French Ministry of Finance](/source/French_Ministry_of_Finance) until right after World War II,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Marc H. |year=2008 |title=Du manuscrit à la typographie numérique&thinsp;: présent et avenir des écritures anciennes |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00646804/ |journal=Gazette du Livre Médiéval |volume=52 |publisher=[French National Centre for Scientific Research](/source/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research) |issue=52–53 |pages=51–78 |doi=10.3406/galim.2008.1777 }}</ref> which gave this style the name of {{lang|fr|écriture ronde financière}} ('round financial writing', not to be confused with the {{lang|fr|financière}} writing style).<ref>{{Cite book |title=The history and technique of lettering |last=Nesbitt |first=Alexander |date=1957 |publisher=Dover Publications |isbn=9780486204277 |location=New York |oclc=654540 }}</ref>

The classic French {{lang|fr|rondes}} were also present in the work of 18th century type founder and calligrapher {{lang|fr|[Nicholas Gando](/source/Nicholas_Gando)|italic=no}}, which has been revived for the digital medium by way of the French 111 font.<ref>Published by the [Bitstream](/source/Bitstream_Inc) type foundry in 1970.</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Writing}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[Asemic writing](/source/Asemic_writing)
*[Bastarda](/source/Bastarda)
*[Blackletter](/source/Blackletter)
*[Book hand](/source/Book_hand)
*[Calligraphy](/source/Calligraphy)
*[Chancery hand](/source/Chancery_hand)
*[Court hand](/source/Court_hand) (also known as common law hand, Anglicana, cursiva antiquior, or charter hand)
*[Cursive](/source/Cursive)
*[Hand (writing style)](/source/Hand_(writing_style))
*[Handwriting](/source/Handwriting)
*[History of writing](/source/History_of_writing)
*[Italic script](/source/Italic_script)
*[Law hand](/source/Law_hand)
*[Palaeography](/source/Palaeography)
*[Penmanship](/source/Penmanship)
*[Rotunda (script)](/source/Rotunda_(script))
*[Round hand](/source/Round_hand)
*[Secretary hand](/source/Secretary_hand)
{{div col end}}

== Notes and references ==
{{Reflist}}

{{European calligraphy}}

Category:Handwriting script
Category:Latin-script calligraphy
Category:Western calligraphy

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ronde script](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronde_script) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronde_script?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.