# Rogadius

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***Rogadius*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of [marine](/source/Marine_fish), [demersal](/source/Demersal_fish) [ray-finned fish](/source/Ray-finned_fish) belonging to the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Platycephalidae](/source/Platycephalidae). These fishes are native to the [Indian Ocean](/source/Indian_Ocean) and the western [Pacific Ocean](/source/Pacific_Ocean).

## Taxonomy

*Rogadius* was first formally proposed as a genus in 1908 by the American [ichthyologists](/source/Ichthyologists) [David Starr Jordan](/source/David_Starr_Jordan) and [Robert Earl Richardson](/source/Robert_Earl_Richardson) with *Platycephalus asper*, which had been [described](/source/Species_description) in 1829 by [Georges Cuvier](/source/Georges_Cuvier) from [Nagasaki](/source/Nagasaki), designated as its [type species](/source/Type_species).[1][2] This genus is [classified](/source/Taxonomy_(biology)) within the family Playtcephalidae, the flatheads which the 5th edition of *[Fishes of the World](/source/Fishes_of_the_World)* classifies within the [suborder](/source/Suborder) [Platycephaloidei](/source/Platycephaloidei) in the [order](/source/Order_(biology)) [Scorpaeniformes](/source/Scorpaeniformes).[3]

## Etymology

*Rogadius* is a [latinisation](/source/Latinisation_of_names) of *rogad*, an [Arabic](/source/Arabic) name for the [bartail flathead](/source/Bartail_flathead) (*Platycephalus indicus*).[4]

## Species

*Rogadius* contains eight species:[5][6][7]

- *[Rogadius asper](/source/Rogadius_asper)* ([Cuvier](/source/Georges_Cuvier), 1829) (Olive-tailed flathead)
- *[Rogadius fehlmanni](/source/Rogadius_fehlmanni)* [L. W. Knapp](/source/Leslie_William_Knapp), 2012[6]
- *[Rogadius mcgroutheri](/source/Rogadius_mcgroutheri)* [Imamura](/source/Hisashi_Imamura), 2007 (McGrouther's flathead)
- *[Rogadius patriciae](/source/Rogadius_patriciae)* L. W. Knapp, 1987 (Black-banded flathead)
- *[Rogadius pristiger](/source/Rogadius_pristiger)* (Cuvier, 1829) (Thorny flathead)
- *[Rogadius serratus](/source/Rogadius_serratus)* (Cuvier, 1829) (Serrated flathead)
- *[Rogadius welanderi](/source/Rogadius_welanderi)* ([L. P. Schultz](/source/Leonard_Peter_Schultz), 1966) (Welander's flathead)
- *[Rogadius azizahae](/source/Rogadius_azizahae)* (Nurul Aimi, 2025) (Azizah's flathead)[7]

## Characteristics

*Rogadius* flatheads have two or more preopercular spines have at least two spines on the [preoperculum](/source/Preoperculum), with the upper spine being the longest. There is no elongation of the upper lobe of the [caudal fin](/source/Caudal_fin) with no elongated filament extending out from that fin. The first dorsal fin has between eight or nine spines. the second being equal in height to the third, while the second dorsal fin has no more than twelve soft rays. There are two separate patches of [vomerine teeth](/source/Vomerine_teeth). There are between 48 and 56 pored scales, each with two pores, on the [lateral line](/source/Lateral_line) with spines on the scales in the anterior portion of that line. The diagonal rows of scales run downwards and backwards over lateral line and the number of these rows is roughly about equal to the number of scales in the lateral line, typically with a difference of only one or two scales. The head has bony ridges which have many fine serrations on them and a single bony ridge on the side of the head underneath the eye with the lower margin of the suborbital not being clearly visible due to being turned inward. The lappet on the iris has two lobes.[8] The maximum length attained by these fishes varies from a [standard length](/source/Standard_length) of 11.2 cm (4.4 in) in *R. fehlmanni* to a maximum [total length](/source/Total_length) of 50 cm (20 in) in *R. pristiger*.[5]

## Distribution

*Rogadius* flatheads are found in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans from the [Red Sea](/source/Red_Sea) to Tonga,[9] north to southern Japan and south to Australia.[10]

## References

1. [J. S. Nelson](/source/Joseph_S._Nelson); T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). [*Fishes of the World*](https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/). 5th ed. Wiley. pp. 467–495. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.

1. Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (eds.) (7 December 2021). ["Order Perciformes (Part 11): Suborder Platycephaloidei: Families Bembridae, Parabembridae, Hoplichthyidae, Platycephalidae and Plectrogeniidae"](https://etyfish.org/perciformes11/). *The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database*. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 19 July 2022.

1. Knapp, L.W. (2012). "*Rogadius fehlmanni*, a new flathead fish (Scorpaeniformes: Platycephalidae) from Somalia". *Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington*. **125** (1): 61–65. [doi:10.2988/11-20.1](https://doi.org/10.2988/11-20.1)

1. Mat Jaafar, Tun Nurul Aimi; Seah, Ying Giat; Imamura, Hisashi; Motomura, Hiroyuki; Matsunuma, Mizuki (2025). ["Rogadius azizahae, a new flathead (Perciformes: Platycephalidae) from the South China Sea"](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jfb.70135). *Journal of Fish Biology*. **n/a** (n/a). [doi:10.1111/jfb.70135](https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.70135). [ISSN 1095-8649](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1095-8649). [PMID 40755128](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40755128)

1. L.W. Poss (1999). "Platycephalidae Flatheads". *FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae)*. Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds.). FAO, Rome. pp. 2385–2421. ISBN 9251043019.

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