# Robustness validation > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Robustness_validation > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Robustness_validation.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robustness_validation > Source revision: 1225229734 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Robustness validation" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts, without removing the technical details. (October 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message) (Learn how and when to remove this message) **Robustness validation** is a skills strategy with which the Robustness of a product to the loading conditions of a real application is proven and targeted statements about risks and [reliability](/source/Reliability_engineering) can be made. This strategy is particularly for use in the [automotive industry](/source/Automotive_industry) however could be applied to any industry where high levels of reliability are required ## History At the beginning of the 1970s a relatively high failure rates of electronic components were tolerable in [automobiles](/source/Automobile), because they replaced mechanical components, which had a much higher [failure rate](/source/Failure_rate). The underlying failure rates of bimetallic [flashers](/source/Automotive_lighting) were 10% per year and the lifetime of mechanical [ignition contacts](/source/Circuit_breaker) at 10,000 miles. With the increasing number of [semiconductors](/source/Semiconductor) in [control units](/source/Control_unit), and the introduction of the first safety systems ([ABS](/source/Anti-lock_brakes)) in the 70s had to be addressed. Already in 1975, the*General Specification for IC's in Automotive Applications* [1] as the first*[SAE](/source/Society_of_Automotive_Engineers) Recommendation was issued*,*the 1978 SAE standard* [2] was declared and adopted by major semiconductor manufacturers. The establishment of the Automotive Electronic Council ([AEC](/source/Automotive_Electronics_Council)) 1994 by [Ford](/source/Ford_Motor_Company), [Chrysler](/source/Chrysler), [GM](/source/General_Motors) - [Delco](/source/ACDelco) was also the Starting point for the AEC-Q100 qualification process,[3] was based on the SAE standards. Due to the development of [automotive](/source/Automotive) and the ever-increasing complexity of vehicles associated with the demands for lower error rates of this qualification process, this process to decide by nonspecific tests, to cover a wide range of possible failure mechanisms, but only on the functionality of the component is out of date. In order to make statements about the robustness AEC Q100 can be replaced robustness validation. ## Initiators and participants In April 2007, the*Handbook for Robustness Validation of Semiconductor Devices in Automotive Applications* [4] with international cooperation from [SAE](/source/SAE_International), [ZVEI](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZVEI&action=edit&redlink=1), AEC and [JSAE](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JSAE&action=edit&redlink=1) (Japanese Society of Automotive Engineers) was published, in which the guidelines for the contemporary [validation](/source/Verification_and_validation) of semiconductor components in the automotive applications were compiled. Companies were involved in this from the entire [supply chain](/source/Supply_chain) in the field of automotive electronics. In addition to vehicle manufacturers and suppliers, a large group of semiconductor manufacturers, this concept of skill is complemented with a current database. This so-called Knowledge Matrix [5] is a list of currently known failures includes mechanisms with causes, error methods and further information. ## Contents Robustness Validation is used to assess the reliability of electronic components by comparing the specific requirements of the product with the actual "real life values". With the introduction of this methodology, a specific list of requirements (usually based on the [OEM](/source/Original_Equipment_Manufacturer)) is required. The requirements for the product can be defined in the environmental requirements (mission profiles) and the functional requirements (use cases). ### Mission profiles The mission profiles describes the loads and stresses acting on the product in actual use. These are, for example, changes in temperature, temperature profile, vibration and working of electrical and mechanical fields, or other environmental factors. It is important to specify the relevant stressors in their nature, intensity and duration of exposure, as well as the mix as closely as possible. With these details it is possible, within specified accuracy, projections regarding reliability of application and its components in field applications. ### Use cases The use cases describe the nature and frequency of the operating conditions for which the product is designed. One should make sure that this addition to the normal operation of the possible cases of special operation and emergency operation. Intentional abuse is not included. ### Robustness margin The lifetimes can be hedged by specific, tailored to the application and the failure mechanisms, determined tests. An essential process are [End of life tests](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=End_of_life_test&action=edit&redlink=1). From the distance of the requirements to the test results, the reliability and robustness of the device can be determined. ## Product development Today's standard qualification procedures for electronic components, assemblies and components for the automotive industry is based on the use of standardized tests at the end of the product development of parts and components. In contrast, Robustness Validation is a process that includes the entire product development process, as well as mass production. The qualification of the components based on the robustness analysis is thus implicit. With the introduction of robustness validation, priorities are focused on the development process again. The aim is to reduce the construction error's during the later phases of the project, which means *front loading* measures in the product development time line process. It is necessary that the requirements from the product to the next level of the value chain be broken down in order to meet specific statements about possible vulnerabilities. Back in the early phases of the project is the knowledge (e.g., from knowledge bases Lessons Learned) gained from previous projects in order to avoid known vulnerabilities. Using the analysis of the changes of the new product and the use of different methods, such as [REM](/source/Resource_Extraction_Monitoring), [RBFM](/source/Design_Review_Based_on_Failure_Mode)*or* design reviews, new potential vulnerabilities are identified early in order to make potential risks ## Other applications of robustness validation In addition to the publication of the Handbook for Robustness Validation for semiconductor devices in 2007 the [ZVEI](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZVEI&action=edit&redlink=1) in 2008, published the manual [6] in which this procedure is described for the development and qualification of electronic control units in automobiles. There are also other activities in the field of sensors and electronic systems in the vehicle. ## Footnotes 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** General Specification for ICs in Automotive Applications, SAE Recommendation, 1975 1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** General Specification for ICs in Automotive Applications, SAE standard, 1978, 1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Automotive Electronic Council's Stress Test Qualification for Integrated Circuits, AEC Q100, Rev. G, 2007, to [aecouncil.com](http://www.aecouncil.com/AECDocuments.html) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-RVHB_SC_4-0)** *Handbook for Robustness Validation of Semiconductor Devices in Automotive Applications* ZVEI, 04/2007 1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [Knowledge matrix with zvei.org](http://www.zvei.org/index.php?id=3796) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Handbook for Robustness Validation of Automotive Electric / Electronic Modules, ZVEI, 04/2008 ## External links - [Homepage ZVEI](http://www.zvei.org/index.php?id=alias) - [Robustness Validation (ZVEI Internet)](http://www.zvei.org/index.php?id=alias&type=1) - [Knowledge-Matrix Semiconductor](http://www.zvei.org/index.php?id=3796) - [Knowledge-Matrix EE-Modules](https://www.zvei.org/?id=4359) - [SAE J1879 Robustness Validation Standard](http://www.sae.org/standardsdev/robustnessvalidation/) - [Press review Robustness Validation](https://www.zvei.org/index.php?id=3798) - [Homepage Automotive Electronics Council](http://www.aecouncil.com/AECDocuments.html) --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Robustness validation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robustness_validation) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robustness_validation?action=history)). 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