# Robert Tombs

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Robert_Tombs
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Robert_Tombs.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Tombs
> Source revision: 1340736154
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Not to be confused with [Robert Toombs](/source/Robert_Toombs).

British historian (born 1949)

ODPA Robert Tombs Tombs in 2016 Born Robert Paul Tombs (1949-05-08) 8 May 1949 (age 77) England Citizenship British, French Occupations Academic, historian Spouse Isabelle Tombs (née Bussy) Awards Ordre des Palmes académiques (2007) Academic background Alma mater University of Cambridge (BA, PhD) Thesis The Forces of Order and the Suppression of the Paris Insurrection of 1871 (1978) Academic work Institutions St. John's College, Cambridge Main interests Franco-British relations, political history of France (19th century) Notable works That Sweet Enemy (2006), The English and Their History (2014)

**Robert Paul Tombs** (born 8 May 1949)[1][2] is a [British](/source/British_people)-[French](/source/French_people) [historian](/source/Historian) of [France](/source/France) and [Britain](/source/United_Kingdom). He is [professor emeritus](/source/Professor_emeritus) of [French history](/source/French_history) at the [University of Cambridge](/source/University_of_Cambridge) and a [fellow](/source/Fellow) of [St John's College, Cambridge](/source/St_John's_College%2C_Cambridge).[3] Prior to this, he was a [reader](/source/Reader_(academic_rank)) in the subject until 2007.[2] Tombs is the recipient of the *[Ordre des Palmes académiques](/source/Ordre_des_Palmes_acad%C3%A9miques)* awarded by the [French government](/source/French_government).[4]

Tombs is known for his work on French history, particularly the [Paris Commune](/source/Paris_Commune), as well as [Franco-British relations](/source/France%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations) and, more recently, [English history](/source/English_history). He is the author of several books, including *The War Against Paris, 1871* (1981), *France 1814–1914* (1996), *That Sweet Enemy: The French and the British from the Sun King to the Present* (2006, co-authored with Isabelle Tombs), and *The English and Their History* (2014).

He is noted for his [Francophile](/source/Francophile) scholarship, as well as for his contributions to public debates on [Brexit](/source/Brexit), [British national identity](/source/British_national_identity), and historical memory.

## Early life

Tombs was born in England. He was educated at St Chad's College for Boys, [Wolverhampton](/source/Wolverhampton) (now the co-educational [Our Lady and St Chad Catholic Academy](/source/Our_Lady_and_St_Chad_Catholic_Academy)), and [Trinity Hall, Cambridge](/source/Trinity_Hall%2C_Cambridge), where he read history.[5][6] He stayed on at Cambridge to complete a [PhD](/source/PhD) in modern French history, conducting much of his research in France, and graduated in 1978 with a thesis on the response of the French state to the [Paris Commune](/source/Paris_Commune) in 1871.[1][7] Tombs studied French at school but mainly learned the language by travelling to France, "getting jobs, making friends, and learning on the spot."[8]

## Academic career

Following his PhD, Tombs embarked on a research fellowship at St John's College, Cambridge. He was then appointed a fellow of St John's and awarded a junior lectureship in the [Faculty of History, University of Cambridge](/source/Faculty_of_History%2C_University_of_Cambridge).[3] He has since held various Faculty and College posts, and served as co-editor of *[The Historical Journal](/source/The_Historical_Journal)*.[9][10]

Tombs's speciality is [19th-century France](/source/19th-century_France), focusing primarily on the [political culture](/source/Political_culture) of the [working classes](/source/Working_class). His first book, *The War Against Paris, 1871* (which was adapted from his PhD thesis), analysed the role of the [French Army](/source/French_Army) in the suppression of the Paris Commune, and challenged a number of myths associated with that period.[11][12]

In 2006, along with his wife, Tombs wrote *That Sweet Enemy: The French and the British from the Sun King to the Present*, a history of the relationship between Britain and France.[13][14][15] The book received considerable media coverage in the United States, France, and the United Kingdom. It became critical when discussing [Franco-British relations](/source/Franco-British_relations), and helped establish Tombs and his work in political, diplomatic, and policy circles. Following the publication of the book, the French government awarded Tombs in October 2007 the *Ordre des Palmes académiques* for "services rendered to French culture", and Tombs was appointed to the [Franco-British Council](/source/Franco-British_Council) in 2008.[16] In 2014, Tombs published *The English and Their History*, which was widely reviewed by the popular press.[17][18][19][20][21]

Tombs's retirement was announced in August 2016,[22] after which he became professor emeritus.[23] Tombs is the editor of *History Reclaimed*,[24] a website created by a "group of anti-[woke](/source/Woke) scholars" that opposes what they claim to be [censorship](/source/Censorship) of historical texts in universities[25] including [Nigel Biggar](/source/Nigel_Biggar), Zareer Masani, and [Andrew Roberts](/source/Andrew_Roberts_(historian)).[26]

## Personal life

Tombs is a dual national, holding British and French citizenship.[27] His wife Isabelle Tombs (née Bussy) was born in France, and is in charge of French training at the [Foreign and Commonwealth Office](/source/Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Office).[13] He is co-editor of Briefings for Brexit, a consortium of academics and educators who support [Brexit](/source/Brexit),[28] and has written columns for newspapers such as *[The Daily Telegraph](/source/The_Daily_Telegraph)*,[29] *[The Spectator](/source/The_Spectator)*,[30] and *[The Times](/source/The_Times)*.[31] In the [1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum](/source/1975_United_Kingdom_European_Communities_membership_referendum), Tombs voted in support of membership.[32]

In November 2021, Tombs expressed strong support for the retention of the [English Wikipedia](/source/English_Wikipedia) article "[Mass killings under communist regimes](/source/Mass_killings_under_communist_regimes)", then facing the prospect of deletion on [neutrality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) and [original research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research) grounds. Tombs wrote that "attempts to remove it can only be ideologically motivated – to whitewash Communism."[33]

## Major books

- — *The War Against Paris, 1871* (1981). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 256 pp.

- — with [Bury, J. P. T.](/source/J._P._T._Bury) (1986). *Thiers 1797–1877: A Political Life*. London: Allen & Unwin. 307 pp.

- — ed. (1991). *Nationhood and Nationalism in France: From Boulangism to the Great War 1889–1918*. London: Harper Collins. 286 pp.

- — *France 1814–1914* (1996). London: Longman. 590 pp.

- — *The Paris Commune, 1871* (1999). London: Longman. 244 pp.

- — *Cross-Channel Currents: 100 Years of the Entente Cordiale* (2004). London: Routledge.

- — with Tombs, Isabelle (2006). *That Sweet Enemy: The French and the British from the Sun King to the Present*. London: W. Heinemann. 780 pp.

- — with Chabal, Emile (2013). *Britain and France in Two World Wars: Truth, Myth and Memory*. London: Bloomsbury.

- — *Paris, bivouac des révolutions. La Commune de 1871* [*Paris, Bivouac of Revolutions. The Commune of 1871*] (2014). Paris: Libertalia (in French).

- — *The English and Their History: The First Thirteen Centuries* (2014). London: Penguin. 875 pp.

- — *This Sovereign Isle* (2020). London: Allen Lane. 224 pp.

## See also

- [Besançon Commune](/source/Besan%C3%A7on_Commune)

- *[Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier français](/source/Dictionnaire_biographique_du_mouvement_ouvrier_fran%C3%A7ais)*

- *[Histoire de la Commune de 1871](/source/Histoire_de_la_Commune_de_1871)*

- [Prosper-Olivier Lissagaray](/source/Prosper-Olivier_Lissagaray)

- [Jean Maitron](/source/Jean_Maitron)

- [Pétroleuses](/source/P%C3%A9troleuses)

- [Jacques Rougerie (historian)](/source/Jacques_Rougerie_(historian))

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Encyclopedia.com_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Encyclopedia.com_1-1) ["Tombs, Robert P. 1949"](https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/tombs-robert-p-1949). *Encyclopedia.com*. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-admin_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-admin_2-1) ["Appointments, reappointment, and grant of title"](https://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/reporter/2006-07/weekly/6083/13.html). University of Cambridge. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-bio_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-bio_3-1) ["Robert Tombs"](https://www.hist.cam.ac.uk/people/robert-tombs). Department of History, University of Cambridge. Retrieved 17 February 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Kernek, David (21 February 2021). ["Book review: a treatise of Britain's time in and out of the EU"](https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/artsandculture/arid-40229477.html). *Irish Examiner*. Retrieved 3 January 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** "Cambridge Historical Tripos", *The Times*, 24 June 1970, p. 12.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** "Cambridge University tripos results: History, languages, law, economics", *The Times*, 28 June 1971, p. 6.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Robert Tombs"](https://www.penguin.com.au/authors/robert-tombs). *Penguin Books*. Retrieved 4 January 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** [Evans, Richard J.](/source/Richard_J._Evans) (2014). [*Cosmopolitan Islanders: British Historians and the European Continent*](https://books.google.com/books?id=dUxrswEACAAJ) (E-book ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 195. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-511-58078-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-511-58078-9). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [646834527](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/646834527). Retrieved 6 January 2022 – via Google Books.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** [Goldie, Mark](/source/Mark_Goldie) (December 2008). "Fifty Years of the 'Historical Journal'". *The Historical Journal*. **51** (4). Cambridge University Press: 821–855. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1017/S0018246X08007097](https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0018246X08007097). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0018-246X](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-246X). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [145173033](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145173033).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** [Thomas, Keith](/source/Keith_Thomas_(historian)) (12 May 2016). ["Was There Always an England?"](https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2016/05/12/was-there-always-an-england/). *The New York Review of Books*. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0028-7504](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-7504). Retrieved 3 January 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Howard, Michael (1 January 1983). "Review of Books". *The English Historical Review*. **XCVIII** (CCCLXXXVI). Cambridge University Press: 164–165. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/ehr/XCVIII.CCCLXXXVI.164](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2FXCVIII.CCCLXXXVI.164).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** McNeill, W. H. (September 1983). "Review of Books". *The Journal of Modern History*. Chicago University Press: 549–551. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/242542](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F242542). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [1878622](https://www.jstor.org/stable/1878622).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Jeffries_2006_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Jeffries_2006_13-1) Jeffries, Stuart (25 March 2006). ["Plus ça change"](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/mar/25/france.historybooks). *The Guardian*. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Thorpe, Adam (18 March 2006). ["The old misalliance"](https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/mar/18/featuresreviews.guardianreview3). *The Guardian*. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Martin, Andy (24 March 2006). ["That Sweet Enemy: the French and the British from the Sun King to the Present, by Robert & Isabelle Tombs"](https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/that-sweet-enemy-the-french-and-the-british-from-the-sun-king-to-the-present-by-robert-amp-isabelle-6105741.html). *The Independent*. Retrieved 8 December 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** ["REF Case study search"](https://impact.ref.ac.uk/casestudies/CaseStudy.aspx?Id=23324). Research Excellence Framework. Retrieved 4 January 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** ["A once and future realm"](https://www.economist.com/books-and-arts/2014/12/11/a-once-and-future-realm). *The Economist*. 13 December 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Davenport-Hines, Richard (17 November 2014). ["The English and Their History review – 'a book of resounding importance to contemporary debates'"](https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/nov/17/the-english-and-their-history-review-robert-tombs-resounding-importance). *The Guardian*. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** McKay, Sinclair (16 December 2014). ["The English and their History by Robert Tombs, review: 'brilliance and sly wit'"](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/11287276/The-English-and-their-History-by-Robert-Tombs-review.html). *The Telegraph*. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** Frum, David (28 December 2015). ["The Misunderstood Past (and Uncertain Future) of England"](https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/12/tombs-english-history-uk/421995/). *The Atlantic*. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** Hitchens, Peter (31 December 2015). ["'The English and Their History,' by Robert Tombs"](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/books/review/the-english-and-their-history-by-robert-tombs.html). *The New York Times*. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** Tombs, Robert (August 2016), "Retirements", *History Faculty Newsletter*, vol. 7, Faculty of History, University of Cambridge.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** O'Toole, Fintan (30 January 2021). ["The Sovereign Isle by Robert Tombs review – is this the best case for Brexit?"](https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jan/30/the-sovereign-isle-by-robert-tombs-review-is-this-the-best-case-for-brexit). *The Guardian*. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["Why We Are Reclaiming History"](https://historyreclaimed.co.uk/why-we-are-reclaiming-history/). *History Reclaimed*. 24 August 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** Somerville, Ewan (2 January 2022). ["University cuts lines from ancient poem over fears domestic violence reference could be 'triggering'"](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/01/02/university-cuts-lines-ancient-poem-fears-domestic-violence-reference/). *The Telegraph*. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0307-1235](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220103022637/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/01/02/university-cuts-lines-ancient-poem-fears-domestic-violence-reference/) from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** Somerville, Ewan (18 September 2021). ["University of Exeter professors ready to rebel over request to use tweets not textbooks"](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/09/18/university-exeter-professors-ready-rebel-request-use-tweets/). *The Telegraph*. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0307-1235](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235). Retrieved 11 December 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** [Evans, Richard J.](/source/Richard_J._Evans) (24 February 2021). ["The Brexiteer's guide to history"](https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2021/02/robert-tombs-this-sovereign-isle-review). *New Statesman*. Retrieved 4 January 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** ["Brexit Briefings: Pro-leave Cambridge professor Robert Tombs on UK identities"](https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20190716/p2a/00m/0in/011000c). *Mainichi Shimbun*. 16 July 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** ["Robert Tombs"](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/authors/r/rk-ro/robert-tombs/). *The Telegraph*. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** ["Robert Tombs"](https://www.spectator.co.uk/writer/robert-tombs). *The Spectator*. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** Tombs, Robert (30 August 2021). ["We must not let new 'narratives' smear our history"](https://www.thetimes.com/comment/article/we-must-not-let-new-narratives-smear-our-history-l0s85zh8v). *[The Times](/source/The_Times)*. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** Mount, Ferdinand (27 January 2021). ["Englishness and the fragile future of the union"](https://www.ft.com/content/f0107296-566b-4ca3-aff6-0971f2cc49f0). *Financial Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211102163503/https://www.ft.com/content/f0107296-566b-4ca3-aff6-0971f2cc49f0) from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** Simpson, Craig (27 November 2021). ["Wikipedia may delete entry on 'mass killings' under Communism due to claims of bias"](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/11/27/wikipedia-may-delete-entry-mass-killings-communism-due-claims/). *The Telegraph*. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0307-1235](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211128042842/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/11/27/wikipedia-may-delete-entry-mass-killings-communism-due-claims/) from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

## Further reading

- Kalifa, Dominique (9 April 2014). ["Les communards ont suivi par devoir, par camaraderie"](http://www.liberation.fr/livres/2014/04/09/les-communards-ont-suivi-par-devoir-par-camaraderie_994421) [The Communards Followed by Duty, Camaraderie]. *Libération* (in French). Retrieved 9 December 2021.

## External links

- [Academic profile](http://www.hist.cam.ac.uk/directory/rpt1000@cam.ac.uk) at University of Cambridge.

- [Academic profile](http://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/professor-tombs) at St John's College, Cambridge.

- [History Reclaimed](https://historyreclaimed.co.uk/why-we-are-reclaiming-history/) website.

Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF GND WorldCat National United States France BnF data Czech Republic Spain Netherlands Norway Latvia Vatican Israel Belgium Academics CiNii Other IdRef Yale LUX

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Robert Tombs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Tombs) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Tombs?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.