# Ricefish > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Ricefish > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Ricefish.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricefish > Source revision: 1354728273 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Family of fishes}} {{For|the ricefish from North America|Chologaster cornuta}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Miocene|present}} | image = Daisy's Ricefish.JPG | image_caption = ''[Oryzias woworae](/source/Oryzias_woworae)'' | taxon = Adrianichthyidae | authority = [M. C. W. Weber](/source/Max_Carl_Wilhelm_Weber), 1913 | subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies and genera | subdivision = Subfamily '''Adrianichthyinae''' Weber, 1913 * ''[Adrianichthys](/source/Adrianichthys)'' Weber, 1913 Subfamily '''Oryziinae''' [Myers](/source/George_S._Myers), 1938 * ''[Oryzias](/source/Oryzias)'' [D.S. Jordan](/source/David_Starr_Jordan) & [Snyder](/source/John_Otterbein_Snyder), 1906 }} The '''ricefishes''' are a [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) ('''Adrianichthyidae''') of small [ray-finned fish](/source/ray-finned_fish) that are found in fresh and [brackish](/source/brackish) waters from [India](/source/India) to [Japan](/source/Japan) and out into the [Malay Archipelago](/source/Malay_Archipelago), most notably [Sulawesi](/source/Sulawesi) (where the [Lake Poso](/source/Lake_Poso) and [Lore Lindu](/source/Lore_Lindu_National_Park) species are known as '''buntingi''').{{cite journal | author = Parenti, L.R. | year = 2008 | title = A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of ricefishes, ''Oryzias'' and relatives (Beloniformes, Adrianichthyidae) | journal = Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society | volume =154| issue = 3 | pages = 494–610| doi =10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00417.x | doi-access = free}} The common name ricefish derives from the fact that some species are found in [rice paddies](/source/rice_paddies). This family consists of about 37 species in two [genera](/source/genera) (some recognize a third, ''[Xenopoecilus](/source/Xenopoecilus)''). Several species are rare and [threatened](/source/Threatened_species), and some 2–4 may already be [extinct](/source/extinct).{{cite web |url=http://www.redorbit.com/education/reference_library/science_1/fish/2578402/ricefish/ |title=Ricefish - Fish Reference Library - redOrbit |website=www.redorbit.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202222554/http://www.redorbit.com/education/reference_library/science_1/fish/2578402/ricefish/ |archive-date=2013-12-02}} The fossil genus †''[Lithopoecilus](/source/Lithopoecilus)'' [de Beaufort](/source/Lieven_Ferdinand_de_Beaufort), 1934 from the [Miocene](/source/Miocene) of Sulawesi may potentially represent a prehistoric member of the family, although it is only tentatively placed within it. It appears to be intermediate in size between ''Oryzias'' and ''Adrianichthys''.{{Cite journal |last=PARENTI |first=LYNNE R. |date=2008-11-01 |title=A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of ricefishes, Oryzias and relatives (Beloniformes, Adrianichthyidae) |url=https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-abstract/154/3/494/2614026?redirectedFrom=fulltext |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=154 |issue=3 |pages=494–610 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00417.x |issn=0024-4082}} ==Description== Most of these species are quite small, making them of interest for [aquaria](/source/aquarium). ''Adrianichthys'' reach lengths of {{convert|8.5|-|17.1|cm|in|abbr=on}} depending on the exact species involved,{{FishBase genus | genus = Adrianichthys| month = February | year = 2017}} while the largest ''Oryzias'' reaches up to {{convert|8|cm|in|abbr=on}}. Most ''Oryzias'' species are less than a half this length, with the smallest being up to only {{convert|1.6|cm|in|abbr=on}} long.{{FishBase genus | genus = Oryzias| month = February | year = 2017}} They have a number of distinctive features, including an unusual structure to the jaw, and the presence of an additional bone in the tail.{{cite book |editor=Paxton, J.R. |editor2=Eschmeyer, W.N.|author= Parenti, Lynne R.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Fishes|publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|pages= 152|isbn= 0-12-547665-5}} The [Japanese rice fish](/source/Japanese_rice_fish) (''O. latipes''), also known as the medaka, is a popular [model organism](/source/model_organism) used in research in [developmental biology](/source/developmental_biology). This species has traveled into [space](/source/space), where they have the distinction of being the first vertebrate to mate and produce healthy young in space.{{Cite web|url=http://www.tfhmagazine.com/details/articles/the-ricefish-an-odd-and-interesting-group-full-article.htm|title=Ricefish from the Genus Oryzias | Tropical Fish Hobbyist Magazine}} Genetic study of the family suggests that it originally evolved on Sulawesi and spread from there to the Asian mainland; the supposed genus ''[Xenopoecilus](/source/Xenopoecilus)'' are apparently unrelated, morphologically divergent species of ''Oryzias''.Takehana ''et al.'', 2005 ==Taxonomy== The ricefish were formerly classified within the [order](/source/Order_(biology)) [Cyprinodontiformes](/source/Cyprinodontiformes) but in the 1980s workers showed that they were a [monophyletic](/source/monophyly) grouping, mainly based on the characters on the bones of the gill arches and the [hyoid](/source/hyoid) apparatus, within the [Beloniformes](/source/Beloniformes) as the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) Adrianichthyidae, this family making up one of the three [suborder](/source/suborder)s of the Beloniformes, the Adrianichthyoidei. Since then some workers have placed them in the Cyprinodontiformes but more recently molecular studies have supported their placement in the Beloniformes.{{cite book |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |author1=J. S. Nelson |author2=T. C. Grande |author3=M. V. H. Wilson |year=2016 |pages=363–364 |publisher=Wiley |isbn= 978-1-118-34233-6 |url=https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ }} ==History== Ricefish are believed to have been kept as aquarium fishes since the 17th century. The Japanese ricefish was one of the first species to be kept and it has been bred into a golden color, from their original white coloring. ==Reproduction== As with most fish, ricefish typically spawn their eggs, which are [fertilised externally](/source/External_fertilization). However, some species, including the Japanese ricefish, are known to fertilise the eggs internally, carrying them inside the body as the embryo develops. The female then lays the eggs just before they hatch. Several other species carry their eggs attached to the body between their [pelvic fin](/source/pelvic_fin)s. ==References== {{Reflist}} == Sources == * {{FishBase family | family = Adrianichthyidae | month = November | year = 2008}} * {{Cite journal|last1=Takehana|first1=Yusuke|last2=Naruse|first2=Kiyoshi|last3=Sakaizumi|first3=Mitsuru|date=2005|title=Molecular phylogeny of the medaka fishes genus Oryzias (Beloniformes: Adrianichthyidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790305000345|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|language=en|volume=36|issue=2|pages=417–428|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.01.016|pmid=15955519|url-access=subscription}} == External links == * [http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/FamilySummary.cfm?ID=210 FishBase info for Adrianichthyidae] * [http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/tropical/JSA/adrian.htm Genetic study of ricefishes] {{Taxonbar|from=Q1045684}} Category:Adrianichthyidae Category:Beloniformes Category:Taxa named by Max Carl Wilhelm Weber --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ricefish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricefish) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricefish?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.