# Reszel > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Reszel > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Reszel.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reszel > Source revision: 1347917146 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Town in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Reszel | image_shield = POL Reszel COA.svg | image_flag = POL gmina Reszel flag.svg | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 270 | image_style = border:1 | perrow = 1/2 | image1 = 20230814 Reszel - historisches Zentrum mit Rathaus.jpg{{!}}Town center | image2 = Zamek Reszel.jpg{{!}}Castle of Warmian bishops | image3 = Kościół Piotra i Pawła w Reszlu, 2025-08, widok znad parku.jpg{{!}}Saints Peter and Paul church | caption1 = Town center | caption2 = [Reszel Castle](/source/Reszel_Castle) | caption3 = Saints Peter and Paul church}} | pushpin_map = Poland | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{POL}} | subdivision_type1 = [Voivodeship](/source/Voivodeships_of_Poland) | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship|name=Warmian-Masurian}} | subdivision_type2 = [County](/source/Powiat) | subdivision_name2 = [Kętrzyn](/source/K%C4%99trzyn_County) | subdivision_type3 = [Gmina](/source/Gmina) | subdivision_name3 = [Reszel](/source/Gmina_Reszel) | established_title = Town rights | established_date = 1337 | area_total_km2 = 3.82 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_total = 4896 | population_density_km2 = auto | coordinates = {{coord|54|3|5|N|21|8|45|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}} | timezone = [CET](/source/Central_European_Time) | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [CEST](/source/Central_European_Summer_Time) | utc_offset_DST = +2 | elevation_m = | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 11-440 | registration_plate = NKE | website = {{URL|www.reszel.pl}} | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 12 | mapframe-wikidata = yes }} '''Reszel''' {{IPAc-pl|AUD|pl-Reszel.ogg|'|r|e|sz|e|l}} ({{langx|de|Rößel}}; [Prussian](/source/Prussian_language): ''Resel'' or ''Resl'') is a town in the [Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship](/source/Warmian-Masurian_Voivodeship), in northeastern [Poland](/source/Poland).{{TERYT}} As of 2012, the population was 4,896. A small medieval town situated in the historical [Warmia](/source/Warmia) region, Reszel possesses many architecturally renowned monuments and various attractions. The [Gothic castle](/source/Reszel_Castle), the main square and the core surrounded by brick defense walls are popular among incoming tourists.{{cite web|url=https://www.poland.travel/en/hotel/castle-in-reszel|title=Castle in Reszel|access-date=2 April 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://www.cittaslow.org/network/reszel|title=Reszel - Cittaslow International|access-date=2 April 2017}} In 2004 Reszel became the first Polish town to join [Cittaslow](/source/Cittaslow). ==History== thumb|left|The castle ca. 1833 Reszel was originally a settlement built by the [Bartian](/source/Bartians) tribe of [Old Prussians](/source/Old_Prussians) and conquered by the [Teutonic Knights](/source/Teutonic_Knights) in 1241.{{cite web|url=https://www.spottinghistory.com/view/1831/reszel-castle/|title=Reszel Castle, Gmina Reszel, Poland - SpottingHistory.com|access-date=2 April 2017}} The native Prussians later recaptured the settlement and held it for five years, but were eventually defeated by the [German](/source/Germans) [crusaders](/source/Northern_Crusades). Reszel received its [town privileges](/source/German_town_law) in 1337{{cite web|url=http://www.reszel.pl/Historia,23,3.html|title=Historia|access-date=2 April 2017}} under [Chełmno Law](/source/Che%C5%82mno_Law). After the Polish victory in the [Battle of Grunwald](/source/Battle_of_Grunwald) in 1410, the town was briefly captured by Poles led by King [Władysław II Jagiełło](/source/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_II_Jagie%C5%82%C5%82o). In 1440 the town joined the anti-Teutonic [Prussian Confederation](/source/Prussian_Confederation), and upon its request in 1454 Polish King [Casimir IV Jagiellon](/source/Casimir_IV_Jagiellon) signed the act of incorporation of the region along with Reszel to [Poland](/source/Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland),{{Cite book|last=Górski|first=Karol|title=Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych|year=1949|publisher=Instytut Zachodni|location=Poznań|language=pl|pages=XXXVII, 54}} an event that sparked the [Thirteen Years' War](/source/Thirteen_Years%E2%80%99_War_(1454%E2%80%931466)). In 1455, the Teutonic Knights captured the town and in 1462 ceded their power to the Warmian bishop, who once more in 1464 recognized the Polish King as the rightful ruler of Warmia with Reszel. The incorporation of Reszel to the Kingdom of Poland was confirmed in a [peace treaty](/source/Second_Peace_of_Toru%C5%84) signed in [Toruń](/source/Toru%C5%84) in 1466.Górski, p. 99{{cite web|url=http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/article/reszel/3,local-history/|title=Local history - Information about the town - Reszel - Virtual Shtetl|access-date=2 April 2017}} In the 17th century, the [Jesuits](/source/Jesuits) came to Reszel and established a college in 1632 and the Polish King [John II Casimir Vasa](/source/John_II_Casimir_Vasa) created a scholarship fund for its students. In 1772 Reszel was annexed by [Prussia](/source/Kingdom_of_Prussia) in the [First Partition of Poland](/source/First_Partition_of_Poland), and became part of the [Prussian Partition](/source/Prussian_Partition) of Poland. In the late 18th century the local parish priest was Marcin Krasicki, and he was often visited by his brother [Ignacy Krasicki](/source/Ignacy_Krasicki), leading Polish [Enlightenment](/source/Enlightenment_in_Poland) poet and prince-bishop of Warmia. In 1811 [Barbara Zdunk](/source/Barbara_Zdunk) was sentenced by the Prussian court to death for witchcraft and setting the castle alight in 1807.{{cite web|url=https://www.poland.travel/en-us/other/burning-of-the-last-witch-in-europe-in-reszel|title=Burning of the Last Witch in Europe in Reszel|access-date=2 April 2017}}{{cite web|url=https://www.inyourpocket.com/warsaw/reszel-the-town_50534v|title=Reszel (The Town) - Further Afield - Warsaw|access-date=2 April 2017}} The trial is sometimes described as the last burning of witches in Europe.{{cite web|url=http://www.executedtoday.com/2015/08/21/1811-barbara-zdunk-the-last-witch-sort-of/|title=1811: Barbara Zdunk, the last witch (sort of)|first=Crystal Harvey|last=says|date=21 August 2015|access-date=2 April 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://www.fakt.pl/wydarzenia/polska/splonela-na-stosie-ale-wciaz-jest-grozna/bjtvjet|title=Spłonęła na stosie, ale wciąż jest groźna!|last=Fakt.pl|date=15 March 2016|access-date=2 April 2017}} thumb|left|Aerial view of the castle before 1915 From 1871 the town was part of Germany and as a result of the [treaty of Versailles](/source/treaty_of_Versailles) on 11 July 1920 the [1920 East Prussian plebiscite](/source/1920_East_Prussian_plebiscite) was organized under the control of the [League of Nations](/source/League_of_Nations), which resulted in 3,260 votes to remain in Germany and none for Poland, which just regained independence.{{cite book |title=Selbstbestimmung für Ostdeutschland – Eine Dokumentation zum 50 Jahrestag der ost- und westpreussischen Volksabstimmung am 11. Juli 1920|first1=Herbert| last1=Marzian|first2=Csaba|last2=Kenez|year=1970|page=115 |language=de}}{{cite web|url=http://www.sztetl.org.pl/pl/article/reszel/3,historia-miejscowosci/|title=Historia miejscowości - Informacje o mieście - Reszel - Wirtualny Sztetl|access-date=2 April 2017}} After German surrender at the end of [World War II](/source/World_War_II), sovereignty over the town was ceremoniously transferred to Polish authorities on May 21, 1945.{{cite book|url=https://www.vffow.de/assets/downloads/dateien/Pr.%20Holland-Die%20Wende%201945_Diss.pdf|title=Preußisch Holland/Paslek – Die Wende des Jahres 1945. Die Vertreibung/Aussiedlung der deutschen Bevölkerung|author=Joanna Ewa Wisniewska|pages=91}} As part of territorial changes demanded by the [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union), Polish rule was accepted at the [Potsdam Conference](/source/Potsdam_Conference), however, on preliminary terms. The remaining German populace was [displaced](/source/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_from_Poland_during_and_after_World_War_II) in accordance with the [Potsdam Agreement](/source/Potsdam_Agreement). The transfer was confirmed by the [German–Polish Border Treaty](/source/German%E2%80%93Polish_Border_Treaty). ==Tourist attractions== The main tourist attraction is the Gothic Episcopal castle. It was built 1350−1401 on a steep hill side above the right bank of the river Sajna by the [Teutonic Order](/source/Teutonic_Order). The Gothic St Peter's Church dating back to the 14th century boasts the painting of the church's patron dating back to the end of the 18th century. Other worthy of note buildings are the Jesuit complex, St John's Church and the church and convent of the nuns of the Order of St Catherine − all from the 15th and the 16th century. Large fragments of preserved defensive walls and the Classicist town hall in the market square dating back to the 19th century are also worth visiting. Near Reszel is the [Catholic](/source/Roman_Catholic_Church) shrine of [Święta Lipka](/source/%C5%9Awi%C4%99ta_Lipka), a [Baroque](/source/Baroque_architecture) church and [Late Medieval](/source/Late_Middle_Ages) shrine augmented in the 17th century. Since its beginning it has attracted [pilgrim](/source/pilgrim)s, [Poles](/source/Polish_people), [Germans](/source/Germans) and [Lithuanians](/source/Lithuanians). ==Sports== The local [football](/source/Association_football) team is {{interlanguage link|Orlęta Reszel|pl|display=1}}. It competes in the lower leagues. ==Notable residents== * [Jodocus Willich](/source/Jodocus_Willich) (1501–1552), physician * [Barbara Zdunk](/source/Barbara_Zdunk) (1769–1811), [arson](/source/arson)ist and [witch](/source/witch) * [Andreas Thiel](/source/Andreas_Thiel_(bishop)) (1826–1908), Bishop of [Warmia](/source/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Warmia) (1885–1908) * [Julius Dinder](/source/Juliusz_J%C3%B3zef_Dinder) (1830–1890), [Archbishop of Gniezno](/source/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Gniezno) and [Poznań](/source/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Pozna%C5%84) * [Karol Zalewski](/source/Karol_Zalewski) (born 1993), Polish athlete, Olympic medalist ==Images== File:2021-07 Reszel (20).jpg|Town center seen from the castle tower File:Reszel. 019.JPG|Tenements, part of the gothic city center File:Reszel-Rynek na Starym Mieście,widok na plac przy Ratuszu - panoramio.jpg|Town Hall File:Reszel. 018.JPG|Market Square File:Reszel-widok na ul.Wyspiańskiego na Starym Mieście. - panoramio.jpg|Wyspiańskiego Street File:Reszel. Środowiskowy Dom Samopomocy (1).jpg|Former Jesuit College ==See also== * [Rema S. A.](/source/Rema_S._A.) headquarters ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{commons category|Reszel}} * [http://www.ug.reszel.pl/ Municipal website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621060806/http://ug.reszel.pl/ |date=2012-06-21 }} {{in lang|pl}} * [http://www.reszel.pl/ Site of Reszel] {{in lang|pl}} * [http://www.reszel.eu/ Site of Reszel] {{in lang|en}} * [http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localityhitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&PLACE=R%C3%B6%C3%9Fel&PARTOF=&prePLACE=R%C3%B6%C3%9Fel&prePARTOF= Statistics of inhabitants, birth, marriage, deaths, from 1569] {{Gmina Reszel}} {{Authority control}} Category:Cities and towns in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship Category:Cittaslow Category:Kętrzyn County Category:Warmia [it:Reszel](/source/it%3AReszel) --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Reszel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reszel) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reszel?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.