# Renal threshold

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In [physiology](/source/physiology), the '''renal threshold''' is the concentration of a substance dissolved in the [blood](/source/blood) above which the [kidney](/source/kidney)s begin to remove it into the [urine](/source/urine). When the renal threshold of a substance is exceeded, reabsorption of the substance by the [proximal convoluted tubule](/source/proximal_convoluted_tubule) is incomplete; consequently, part of the substance remains in the urine.  Renal thresholds vary by substance – the low potency poison [urea](/source/urea), for instance, is removed at much lower concentrations than [glucose](/source/glucose). Indeed, the most common reason for the glucose renal threshold ever being exceeded is [diabetes](/source/diabetes), which is called [glycosuria](/source/glycosuria).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kawthalkar |first=Shirish M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pq52DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA25 |title=Essentials of Clinical Pathology |date=2018-07-31 |publisher=JP Medical Ltd |isbn=978-93-86150-69-1 |language=en}}</ref>  

Renal thresholds vary by species and by physiological condition; thus an animal may have different renal thresholds while [hibernating](/source/hibernation). Renal thresholds  can also be altered by many drugs, and may change in characteristic ways during certain illnesses.  If the renal threshold itself is reduced, can also produce detectable glucose in the urine.  This is called renal glycosuria.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XLNoc6vpVOYC&pg=PA286 |title=Principles of Physiology |publisher=Academic Publishers |isbn=978-81-89781-34-7 |pages=286 |language=en}}</ref>

Taken together, the collection of a kidney's renal thresholds essentially define much of its function in [renal physiology](/source/renal_physiology). Many tests of kidney function amount to measures of renal thresholds for various substances.
==References==
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Category:Nephrology

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