# Regions of England

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Highest tier of sub-national division in England

Regions of England Category Statistical regions Administrative region (1) Location England Number 9 regions North East North West Yorkshire and the Humber East Midlands West Midlands East of England London South East South West Additional status ITL 1 region European constituency (1999–2020) Populations 2,669,941–9,180,135 Areas 1,572–23,836 km2 Government Local authority leaders' board (5) Elected assembly (1) None (3) Subdivisions Two-tier non-metropolitan county (21) Metropolitan county (6) Unitary authority area (62) London borough (32 Greater London, 1 City of London)

This article is part of a series within the Politics of the United Kingdom on the Politics of England The Crown The Monarch Charles III Heir Apparent William, Prince of Wales Prerogative Royal family Succession Privy Council King-in-Parliament King-in-Council Lord-lieutenant England and Wales Kingdom of England English republicanism Governance HM Government Starmer ministry Prime Minister Rt Hon Keir Starmer MP (L) Deputy Prime Minister David Lammy (L) English departments Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (secretary) Department for Education (secretary) Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (secretary) Department of Health and Social Care (secretary) Department for Transport (secretary) Department for Culture, Media and Sport (secretary) Other departments, agencies and bodies Taxation West Lothian question Former English votes for English laws State-owned enterprises Minister for London Regional minister Legislative King-in-Parliament: Charles III House of Lords Lord Speaker: The Lord McFall of Alcluith Reform of the House of Lords House of Commons Speaker: Sir Lindsay Hoyle MPs for constituencies Regional Affairs Committee English law Acts (list) Statutory instruments (list) Members (MPs) (list) Current members Elections (by-elections) Political parties Prime Minister's Questions Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards Palace of Westminster, London 10 Downing Street, London Elections Constituencies East East Midlands London North East North West South East South West West Midlands Yorks and Humber Devolution Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Devolution Nesil Caliskan MP (L) Strategic authorities Greater London Authority Mayor of London London Assembly Combined authorities and combined county authorities Strategic authority mayors Mayoral Council for England International relations Greater London Barnett formula Devolution Proposed English parliament Proposed regional assembly Devolved matters Unionism Independence Sub-national Cornish Assembly Devolution to the North of England Politics of the United Kingdom Devolution in the United Kingdom Law and justice English law Judiciary King-on-the-Bench: Charles III Supreme Court President: The Lord Reed of Allermuir High Court of Justice Courts Law enforcement agencies Police forces Police and crime commissioner (list) Local administration History Subdivisions of England Historic counties Ceremonial counties Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties Metropolitan county Non-metropolitan county Greater London Unitary authorities (list) Districts (list) Metropolitan borough Non-metropolitan district London boroughs Civil parishes (list) Former Rural and urban districts in 1973 Urban in 1896–1974 Urban in 1894–95 Directly elected local authority mayors Local twinning Regions East of England London East Midlands West Midlands North East North West South East South West Yorkshire and the Humber Elections UK general elections in England 1801 co-option 1802 1806 1807 1812 1818 1820 1826 1830 1831 1832 1835 1837 1841 1847 1852 1857 1859 1865 1868 1874 1880 1885 1886 1892 1895 1900 1906 1910 (Jan) 1910 (Dec) 1918 1922 1923 1924 1929 1931 1935 1945 1950 1951 1955 1959 1964 1966 1970 1974 (Feb) 1974 (Oct) 1979 1983 1987 1992 1997 2001 2005 2010 2015 2017 2019 2024 Local elections 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Police and crime commissioner elections 2012 2016 2021 Referendums 1915–1916 border parishes 1975 2004 North East 2011 2016 Mayoral Category England portal Other countries v t e

The **regions of England**, formerly known as the **government office regions**, are the highest tier of sub-national division in [England](/source/England). They were established in 1994[1] and follow the 1974–96 county borders. They are a continuation of the former 1940s [standard regions](/source/Historical_and_alternative_regions_of_England#Standard_statistical_regions) which followed the 1889–1974 [administrative county](/source/Administrative_county) borders. Between 1994 and 2011, all nine regions had partly [devolved](/source/Devolved) functions; they no longer fulfil this role, continuing to be used for limited statistical purposes.[2]

While the [UK](/source/UK) was a member of the [European Union](/source/European_Union), they defined areas ([constituencies](/source/European_Parliament_constituencies_in_the_United_Kingdom)) for the purposes of elections to the [European Parliament](/source/European_Parliament). [Eurostat](/source/Eurostat) also used them to demarcate [first level Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) regions](/source/First_level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union) ("NUTS 1 regions") within the [European Union](/source/European_Union), which in 2021 were superseded by [International Territorial Level](/source/International_Territorial_Level) (ITL) regions ("ITL 1 regions").

The [London Region](/source/London_Region) has a directly elected [Mayor](/source/Mayor_of_London) and [Assembly](/source/London_Assembly). Six regions have [local authority leaders' boards](/source/Local_authority_leaders'_board) to assist with correlating the headline policies of local authorities. The remaining two regions [*[which?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words)*] no longer have any administrative functions, having abolished their regional local authority leaders' boards.

In 1998, [regional chambers](/source/Regional_chamber) were established in the eight regions outside London, which produced strategic plans and recommendations to local authorities. Each of the regions also had an associated (central) [Government Office](/source/Government_Offices_for_the_English_Regions) with some responsibility for coordinating policy, and, from 2007, a part-time [regional minister](/source/Regional_minister) within the Government. [House of Commons](/source/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom) [regional Select Committees](/source/List_of_committees_of_the_United_Kingdom_Parliament#Regional) were established in 2009. However, the chambers and select committees were abolished in May 2010, restoring these functions to the main tier of local government,[3] with limited functions transferred to the regional local authority leaders' boards created in 2009. Regional ministers were not reappointed by the incoming [Coalition Government](/source/Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_coalition), and the Government Offices were abolished in 2011.

From 2011, [combined authorities](/source/Combined_authorities) have been introduced in some [city regions](/source/City_region_(United_Kingdom)), with similar responsibilities to the former regional chambers (and in some cases, replacing a regional local authority leaders' board on a smaller scale), but which also receive additional delegated functions from central government relating to transport and economic policy.

[Regional development agencies](/source/Regional_development_agencies) were public bodies established in all nine regions in 1998 to promote economic development. They had certain delegated functions, including administering European Union regional development funds, and received funding from the central government as well. These were abolished in 2012, with statutory functions returning to local authorities and central government; however, smaller scale [local enterprise partnerships](/source/Local_enterprise_partnership) were voluntarily established to take on some functions relating to coordinating economic priorities and development.

## History

### Background

See also: [Historical and alternative regions of England](/source/Historical_and_alternative_regions_of_England)

After about 500 AD, England comprised seven [Anglo-Saxon](/source/Anglo-Saxon) territories—[Northumbria](/source/Northumbria), [Mercia](/source/Mercia), [East Anglia](/source/Kingdom_of_the_East_Angles), [Essex](/source/Kingdom_of_Essex), [Kent](/source/Kingdom_of_Kent), [Sussex](/source/Kingdom_of_Sussex) and [Wessex](/source/Wessex)—often referred to as the [heptarchy](/source/Heptarchy). The boundaries of some of these, which later unified as the [Kingdom of England](/source/Kingdom_of_England), roughly coincide with those of modern regions. During [Oliver Cromwell](/source/Oliver_Cromwell)'s Protectorate in the 1650s, the [rule of the Major-Generals](/source/Rule_of_the_Major-Generals) created 10 regions in England and Wales of similar size to the modern regions.[4]

Proposals for administrative regions within [England](/source/England) were mooted by the British government prior to the [First World War](/source/First_World_War). In 1912, the [Third Home Rule Bill](/source/Home_Rule_Act_1914) was passing through parliament. The Bill was expected to introduce a devolved parliament for Ireland, and as a consequence calls were made for similar structures to be introduced in Great Britain or "Home Rule All Round". On 12 September the [First Lord of the Admiralty](/source/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty), [Winston Churchill](/source/Winston_Churchill), gave a speech in which he proposed 10 or 12 regional parliaments for the United Kingdom. Within England, he suggested that London, Lancashire, Yorkshire, and the Midlands would make [natural regions](/source/Natural_region).[5][6] While the creation of regional parliaments never became official policy, it was for a while widely anticipated and various schemes for dividing England devised.[7][8] By the 1930s, several competing systems of regions were adopted by central government for such purposes as census of population, agriculture, electricity supply, civil defence and the regulation of road traffic.[9] Nine "standard regions" were set up in 1946, in which central government bodies, statutory undertakings and regional bodies were expected to cooperate.[10] However, these had declined in importance by the late 1950s.[11]

Creation of some form of provinces or regions for England was an intermittent theme of post-[Second World War](/source/Second_World_War) British governments. The [Redcliffe-Maud Report](/source/Redcliffe-Maud_Report) proposed the creation of eight provinces in England, which would see power devolved from central government. [Edward Heath](/source/Edward_Heath)'s administration in the 1970s did not create a regional structure in the [Local Government Act 1972](/source/Local_Government_Act_1972), waiting for the [Royal Commission on the Constitution](/source/Royal_Commission_on_the_Constitution_(United_Kingdom)), after which government efforts were concentrated on a constitutional settlement in [Scotland](/source/Scotland) and [Wales](/source/Wales) for the rest of the decade. In England, the majority of the Commission "suggested regional coordinating and advisory councils for England, consisting largely of indirectly elected representatives of local authorities and operating along the lines of the Welsh advisory council". One-fifth of the advisory councils would be nominees from central government. The boundaries suggested were the "eight now [in 1973] existing for economic planning purposes, modified to make boundaries to conform with the [new county structure](/source/Local_Government_Act_1972)".[12][13] A minority report by [Lord Crowther-Hunt](/source/Lord_Crowther-Hunt) and [Alan T. Peacock](/source/Alan_T._Peacock) suggested instead seven regional assemblies and governments within Great Britain (five within England), which would take over substantial amounts of the central government.[14]

Some elements of [regional development and economic planning](/source/Regional_planning_in_England) began to be established in England from the mid-1960s onwards. In most of the standard regions, Economic Planning Councils and Boards were set up, comprising appointed members from local authorities, business, trade unions and universities, and in the early 1970s, these produced a number of regional and sub-regional planning studies.[10] These institutions continued to operate until they were abolished by the incoming [Conservative government](/source/Conservative_Government_1979-1983) in 1979. However, by the mid-1980s local authorities in most regions had jointly established standing conferences to consider regional planning issues. Regional initiatives were bolstered by the 1986 Government [Green Paper](/source/Green_Paper) and 1989 [White Paper](/source/White_Paper) on *The Future of Development Plans*, which proposed the introduction of strong regional guidance within the planning system,[10] and by the Government's issuing of Strategic Guidance at a regional level, from 1986 onwards.[11]

### Regions as areas of administration

In April 1994, the [John Major](/source/John_Major) ministry created a set of ten Government Office Regions for England. Prior to 1994, although various central government departments had different regional offices, the regions they used tended to be different and *ad hoc*. The stated purpose was as a way of co-ordinating the various regional offices more effectively: they initially involved the [Department of Trade and Industry](/source/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(United_Kingdom)), [Department of Employment](/source/Department_of_Employment), [Department of Transport](/source/Department_for_Transport) and the [Department for the Environment](/source/Department_for_Environment%2C_Food_and_Rural_Affairs).[15] Following the [Labour Party](/source/Labour_Party_(UK))'s victory in the [1997 general election](/source/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election), the government created [regional development agencies](/source/Regional_development_agency). Around a decade later the Labour administration also founded the [Regional Improvement and Efficiency Partnerships](/source/Regional_Improvement_and_Efficiency_Partnership) (RIEPs) with £185m of devolved funding to enhance councils' capacity to improve and take the lead in their own improvement.

The [Maastricht Treaty](/source/Maastricht_Treaty) encouraged the creation of regional boundaries for selection of members for the [Committee of the Regions](/source/Committee_of_the_Regions) of the [European Union](/source/European_Union): [Wales](/source/Wales), [Scotland](/source/Scotland) and [Northern Ireland](/source/Northern_Ireland) had each constituted a region, but England represents such a large proportion of the population of the United Kingdom that further division was thought necessary. The English regions, which initially numbered ten, also replaced the [Standard Statistical Regions](/source/Historical_and_alternative_regions_of_England). [Merseyside](/source/Merseyside) originally constituted a region in itself, but in 1998 it was merged into the [North West England](/source/North_West_England) region, creating the nine present-day regions.[16] The nine regions were used as England's [European Parliament](/source/European_Parliament) constituencies from 1999 until Britain's [departure from the European Union](/source/Brexit);[17] and as statistical [NUTS](/source/NUTS%3AUK) level 1 regions.

From 2006 to 2013, there were ten [strategic health authorities](/source/Strategic_health_authority) (SHAs), which were part of the structure of the [National Health Service](/source/National_Health_Service_(England)) in England. Each SHA corresponded to a region, except for [South East England](/source/South_East_England), which was divided into western and eastern parts.[18][19] Each SHA was responsible for managing performance, enacting directives and implementing health policy as required by the [Department of Health](/source/Department_of_Health_(United_Kingdom)) at a regional level. Initially twenty-eight in number, they were reduced to ten in 2006. Along with [primary care trusts](/source/NHS_primary_care_trust), they were replaced by [clinical commissioning groups](/source/Clinical_commissioning_group) and [Public Health England](/source/Public_Health_England) in 2013 under the [Health and Social Care Act 2012](/source/Health_and_Social_Care_Act_2012).[2]

[East of England](/source/East_of_England)

[London](/source/Greater_London)

[South East](/source/South_East_England)

[South West](/source/South_West_England)

[East Midlands](/source/East_Midlands)

[West Midlands](/source/West_Midlands_(region))

[Yorkshire and the Humber](/source/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber)

[North East](/source/North_East_England)

[North West](/source/North_West_England)

In 1998, [regional chambers](/source/Regional_assembly_(England)) were created in the eight English regions outside London under the provisions of the [Regional Development Agencies Act 1998](/source/Regional_Development_Agencies_Act_1998).[20] The powers of the assemblies were limited, and members were appointed, largely by local authorities, rather than being directly elected. The functions of the English regions were essentially devolved to them from Government departments or were taken over from pre-existing regional bodies, such as regional planning conferences and regional employers' organisations. Each assembly also made proposals for the UK members of the [Committee of the Regions](/source/Committee_of_the_Regions), with members drawn from the elected councillors of the local authorities in the region. The final nominations were made by central government.[21] Although they were publicly funded, one of the Regional Assemblies claimed not to be a public authority and therefore not subject to the [Freedom of Information Act 2000](/source/Freedom_of_Information_Act_2000).[22]

As power was to be devolved to Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales without corresponding devolution in England, a series of [referendums](/source/Referendum) were planned to establish elected regional assemblies in some of the regions. The first was held in [London in 1998](/source/1998_London_referendum) and was passed. The [London Assembly](/source/London_Assembly) and [Mayor of London](/source/Mayor_of_London) of the [Greater London Authority](/source/Greater_London_Authority) were created in 2000. A [referendum](/source/2004_Northern_England_referendums) was held in North East England on 4 November 2004, but the proposal for an elected assembly was rejected.

### Abolition of regional institutions

In 2007, a Treasury Review for new Prime Minister [Gordon Brown](/source/Gordon_Brown) recommended that greater powers should be given to local authorities and that the Regional Chambers should be phased out of existence by 2010.[23] The same year, nine [Regional Ministers](/source/Regional_Minister) were appointed by the incoming [Brown ministry](/source/Brown_ministry). Their primary goal was stated as being to improve communication between central government and the regions of England.[24] The assemblies were effectively replaced by smaller [local authority leaders' boards](/source/Local_authority_leaders'_board) between 2008 and 2010, and formally abolished on 31 March 2010, as part of a "Sub-National Review of Economic Development and Regeneration". Most of their functions transferred to the relevant [regional development agency](/source/Regional_development_agency) and to [local authority leaders' boards](/source/Local_authority_leaders'_board).[25]

In June 2010, the incoming [Coalition Government](/source/Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_coalition) announced its intentions to abolish regional strategies and return spatial planning powers to local government. These plans include the withdrawal of funding to the existing eight Local Authority Leaders' Boards, with their statutory functions also being assumed by local councils. The boards in most cases continue to exist as voluntary associations of council leaders, funded by the local authorities themselves.[26][27][28] No appointments as Regional Ministers were made by the incoming UK government in 2010.

These changes did not affect the directly elected [London Assembly](/source/London_Assembly), which was established by separate legislation as part of the [Greater London Authority](/source/Greater_London_Authority). In 2011, [Greater London](/source/Greater_London) remains administered by the Greater London Authority, which consists of an elected [London Assembly](/source/London_Assembly) and a separately elected [Mayor of London](/source/Mayor_of_London).

Following the abolition of the Government Offices in 2011, it was announced that the former Government Office Regions (GOR) would henceforth be known, for the purposes of statistical analysis, simply as Regions.[29]

## List of regions

Population of England by region (2024)[30] Region GSS code ITL code Land area Population Density (km2) (mi2) (%) People (%) (/km2) (/mi2) North East E12000001 TLC 8,581 3,313 7% 2,760,678 5% 322 830 North West E12000002 TLD 14,108 5,447 11% 7,737,414 13% 548 1,420 Yorkshire and the Humber E12000003 TLE 15,404 5,948 12% 5,672,962 10% 368 950 East Midlands E12000004 TLF 15,623 6,032 12% 5,063,164 9% 324 840 West Midlands E12000005 TLG 12,998 5,019 10% 6,187,204 11% 476 1,230 East of England E12000006 TLH 19,116 7,381 15% 6,576,306 11% 344 890 London E12000007 TLI 1,572 607 1% 9,089,736 16% 5,782 14,980 South East E12000008 TLJ 19,072 7,364 15% 9,642,942 16% 506 1,310 South West E12000009 TLK 23,836 9,203 18% 5,889,695 10% 247 640 England E92000001 130,310 50,310 100% 58,620,101 100% 450 1,200

GVA and GDP of England by region (2021)[31][32] Region GSS code ITL code Population GVA GDP Total (£ billions) Per capita (£) Total (£ billions) Per capita (£) North East E12000001 TLC 2,646,772 £56.5 £21,340 £65.0 £24,575 North West E12000002 TLD 7,422,295 £196.0 £26,411 £220.3 £29,681 Yorkshire and the Humber E12000003 TLE 5,481,431 £133.4 £24,330 £151.8 £27,692 East Midlands E12000004 TLF 4,880,094 £118.4 £24,261 £134.2 £27,505 West Midlands E12000005 TLG 5,954,240 £146.1 £24,530 £164.6 £27,649 East of England E12000006 TLH 6,348,096 £171.4 £26,995 £193.3 £30,442 London E12000007 TLI 8,796,628 £487.4 £55,412 £526.5 £59,855 South East E12000008 TLJ 9,294,023 £301.5 £32,443 £336.2 £36,174 South West E12000009 TLK 5,712,840 £149.8 £26,219 £169.3 £29,628 England E92000001 56,536,419 £1,760.4 £31,138 £1,961.2 £34,690

## ITL 1 statistical regions

Main articles: [ITL 1 statistical regions of England](/source/ITL_1_statistical_regions_of_England) and [International Territorial Level](/source/International_Territorial_Level)

International Territorial Level (ITL) is a [geocode](/source/Geocode) standard for referencing the subdivisions of the [United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom) for statistical purposes, used by the [Office for National Statistics](/source/Office_for_National_Statistics) (ONS). Between 2003 and 2021, as part of the [European Union](/source/European_Union) and [European Statistical System](/source/European_Statistical_System), the geocode [standard](/source/Standardization) used for the United Kingdom were *[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics](/source/Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics)* or *NUTS*. The NUTS code for the UK was *UK* and the NUTS standard had hierarchy of three levels, with 12 [first level](/source/First_level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union) regions, which are currently mirrored by the ITL classification, of which 9 regions are in [England](/source/England). The sub-structure corresponds to [administrative divisions](/source/Administrative_division) within the country. Formerly, the further NUTS divisions IV and V existed; these have now been replaced by **Local Administrative Units** (LAU-1 and LAU-2 respectively). Between 1994 and 2011, the nine regions had an administrative role in the implementation of [UK Government](/source/Government_of_the_UK) policy, and as the areas covered by (mostly indirectly) elected bodies.

## Subdivisions

Main article: [Subdivisions of England](/source/Subdivisions_of_England)

Local government in England does not follow a uniform structure. Therefore, each region is divided into a range of [further subdivisions](/source/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England). London is divided into [London boroughs](/source/London_borough) and the [City of London](/source/City_of_London), while the other regions are divided into [metropolitan counties](/source/Metropolitan_county), [shire counties](/source/Shire_county) and [unitary authorities](/source/Unitary_authority). Counties are further divided into [districts](/source/Districts_of_England) and some areas are also yet further divided into [civil parishes](/source/Civil_parish). Regions are also divided into sub-regions, which usually group socio-economically linked local authorities together. However, the sub-regions have no official status and are little used other than for strategic planning purposes.

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** [Local government geography and history](https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/7448/1622442.pdf), Department for Communities and Local Government. Retrieved 23 November 2016.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ONS_Geography_Guide_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ONS_Geography_Guide_2-1) ["A Beginners Guide to UK Geography (2023)"](https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/a-beginners-guide-to-uk-geography-2023/about). *Open Geography Portal*. Office for National Statistics. 24 August 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["House of Commons Hansard Debates for 27 May 2010 (pt 0001)"](https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmhansrd/cm100527/debtext/100527-0001.htm#10052726000005). Publications.parliament.uk. 27 May 2010. Retrieved 24 November 2010.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Little, Patrick (2012). "Major-generals (act. 1655–1657)". *[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography](/source/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography)* (online ed.). Oxford University Press. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/ref:odnb/95468](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F95468). (Subscription, [Wikipedia Library](https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/88/) access or [UK public library membership](https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public) required.)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** *Local Parliaments For England. Mr. Churchill's Outline of a Federal System, Ten Or Twelve Legislatures*, The Times, 13 September 1912, p.4

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** G. K. Peatling, "Home Rule for England, English Nationalism, and Edwardian Debates about Constitutional Reform" in "Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies", Vol. 35, No. 1. (Spring, 2003), pp.71–90. [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [4054518](https://www.jstor.org/stable/4054518)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** In 1917 the [Royal Geographical Society](/source/Royal_Geographical_Society) debated a paper by C.B. Fawcett that detailed 12 provinces he considered to be the "natural divisions of England". Detailed boundaries were proposed with regional capitals designated on the basis of the possession of universities or university colleges. C. B. Fawcett, *Natural Divisions of England* in *The Geographical Journal*, Vol. 49, No. 2. (February 1917), pp. 124–135 [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [1779341](https://www.jstor.org/stable/1779341)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** In 1919 Fawcett expanded his paper into a book entitled the *Provinces of England*, and a similar system of regions was proposed by G.D.H. Cole in *The Future of Local Government* in 1921. In 1920 the [Ministry of Health](/source/Ministry_of_Health_(United_Kingdom)) published its own proposals for 15 provinces, subdivided into 59 regions [E. W. Gilbert](/source/E._W._Gilbert), *Practical Regionalism in England and Wales* in *The Geographical Journal*, Vol. 94, No. 1. (July 1939), pp. 29–44. [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [1788587](https://www.jstor.org/stable/1788587)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** E. W. Gilbert, "Practical Regionalism in England and Wales" in "The Geographical Journal", Vol. 94, No. 1. (July 1939), pp. 29–44. [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [1788587](https://www.jstor.org/stable/1788587)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-balchin_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-balchin_10-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-balchin_10-2) [Paul N. Balchin and Luděk Sýkora, *Regional Policy and Planning in Europe*, Routledge, 1999](https://books.google.com/books?id=j14KIB-3wxYC&q=regional+planning+wannop), pp.89–100

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-wannop_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-wannop_11-1) [Urlan Wannop, *Regional Imperative: Regional Planning and Governance in Britain, Europe and the United States*, Routledge, 2002](https://books.google.com/books?id=tc-e1Hjn4XsC&q=regional+planning+england+1973), pp.8–30

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Whitehall powers would go to Scotland, Wales and regions, but no full self-government. The Times. 1 November 1973.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** More freedom for Scots, Welsh in proposals to region regions. The Times. 1 November 1973.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Dissenters urge plan for seven assemblies. The Times. 1 November 1973.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** *Devolution and British Politics. Chapter 10. English regional government*: Christopher Stevens

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** ["National Statistics - geography - government office regions (GOR)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20020607114720/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/gor.asp). *[ONS](/source/Office_for_National_Statistics)*. 10 May 2002. Archived from [the original](http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/gor.asp) on 7 June 2002. Retrieved 27 June 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** ["United Kingdom Election Results"](http://www.election.demon.co.uk/). Election.demon.co.uk. Retrieved 25 August 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Choices, NHS. ["Authorities and trusts – The NHS in England – NHS Choices"](http://www.nhs.uk/aboutnhs/howtheNHSworks/authoritiesandtrusts/Pages/Authoritiesandtrusts.aspx#q07). *www.nhs.uk*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["NHS Confederation – About Strategic Health Authorities"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080925151719/http://www.nhsconfed.org/strategic-ha/strategic-ha-2050.cfm). Archived from [the original](http://www.nhsconfed.org/strategic-ha/strategic-ha-2050.cfm) on 25 September 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** ["Regional Development Agencies Act 1998"](http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1998/19980045.htm). Opsi.gov.uk. 1 February 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2013.

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## External links

- [Local Government Boundary Commission for England](http://www.lgbce.org.uk/)

- [Dept of Communities and Local Government](http://www.communities.gov.uk/)

v t e Regions of England East of England East Midlands London North East North West South East South West West Midlands Yorkshire and the Humber

v t e Administrative geography of the United Kingdom Local government in the United Kingdom History Subdivisions: Shrievalties Lieutenancy areas Counties (list, home) Local government in England History Subdivisions: Regions Ceremonial counties list Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties Unitary authorities (list) Districts (list) Civil parishes (list) Historic counties London Greater London Authority London boroughs Combined authorities Local government in Northern Ireland History Subdivisions: Counties Districts Local government in Scotland History Subdivisions: Sheriffdoms Lieutenancy areas Council areas Community council areas Civil parishes Historic counties Local government in Wales History Subdivisions: Preserved counties Principal areas Communities (list) Historic counties Corporate joint committees

v t e Subdivisions of England Region Regions ITL 1 statistical regions of England County Ceremonial county Metropolitan county Non-metropolitan county Greater London District and civil parish Civil parish Metropolitan borough Non-metropolitan district London borough Unitary authority sui generis City of London Isles of Scilly

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Regions of England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_England) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_England?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.