# Reginald Barnes

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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox military person
|honorific_prefix = [Major-General](/source/Major_general_(United_Kingdom))
|name             = Sir Reginald Barnes
|honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KCB|DSO|DL|JP}}
|image            = Sir Reginald Walter Ralph Barnes.jpg
|caption          = Major-General Barnes in 1918
|birth_date       = 13 April 1871
|death_date       = 9 December 1946 (aged 75)
|birth_place      = [Stoke Canon](/source/Stoke_Canon), England
|death_place      = [Honiton](/source/Honiton), England
|burial_place     = 
|nickname         = Reggie
|allegiance       = {{UK}}
|branch           = 23px [British Army](/source/British_Army)
|service_years    = 1890–1921
|rank             = [Major-General](/source/Major-General)
|commands         = [2nd Imperial Yeomanry](/source/2nd_Imperial_Yeomanry)<br>[10th (Prince of Wales's Own) Royal Hussars](/source/10th_(Prince_of_Wales's_Own)_Royal_Hussars)<br>[111th Brigade](/source/111th_Brigade_(United_Kingdom))<br>[32nd Division](/source/32nd_Division_(United_Kingdom))<br>[57th (2nd West Lancashire) Division](/source/57th_(2nd_West_Lancashire)_Division)<br>[55th (West Lancashire) Division](/source/55th_(West_Lancashire)_Division)
|unit             = [King's Shropshire Light Infantry](/source/King's_Shropshire_Light_Infantry)<br>[4th (Queen's Own) Hussars](/source/4th_(Queen's_Own)_Hussars)<br>[Imperial Light Horse](/source/Imperial_Light_Horse)<br>[17th Imperial Yeomanry](/source/17th_Imperial_Yeomanry)<br>[2nd Imperial Yeomanry](/source/2nd_Imperial_Yeomanry)<br>[17th (Duke of Cambridge's Own) Lancers](/source/17th_(Duke_of_Cambridge's_Own)_Lancers)<br>[10th (Prince of Wales's Own) Royal Hussars](/source/10th_(Prince_of_Wales's_Own)_Royal_Hussars)
|battles          = [Cuban War of Independence](/source/Cuban_War_of_Independence)<br>
'''[Second Boer War](/source/Second_Boer_War)'''
*[Battle of Elandslaagte](/source/Battle_of_Elandslaagte)
*[Battle of the Tugela Heights](/source/Battle_of_the_Tugela_Heights)
*[Relief of Ladysmith](/source/Relief_of_Ladysmith)
*[Relief of Mafeking](/source/Siege_of_Mafeking)
*[Battle of Belfast](/source/Battle_of_Bergendal)
'''[First World War](/source/First_World_War)'''
*''10th Hussars''
*[First Battle of Ypres](/source/First_Battle_of_Ypres)
*[Battle of Langemarck](/source/First_Battle_of_Ypres)
*[Battle of Gheluvelt](/source/Battle_of_Gheluvelt)
*[Battle of Nonne Bosschen](/source/Battle_of_Nonne_Bosschen)
*[Second Battle of Ypres](/source/Second_Battle_of_Ypres)
*[Battle of Frezenberg Ridge](/source/Battle_of_Frezenberg_Ridge)
*[Battle of Loos](/source/Battle_of_Loos)
*''116th Brigade''
*[Battle of Richebourg l'Avoue](/source/Battle_of_Richebourg_l'Avoue)
*[Battle of the Somme](/source/Battle_of_the_Somme)
*[Battle of Thiepval Ridge](/source/Battle_of_Thiepval_Ridge)
*[Battle of the Ancre Heights](/source/Battle_of_the_Ancre_Heights)
*''32nd Division''
*[Pursuit to the Hindenburg Line](/source/Hindenburg_Line)
*''57th Division''
*[Second Battle of Arras](/source/Second_Battle_of_Arras)
*[Battle of the Scarpe](/source/Battle_of_Arras_(1917))
*[Battle of Drocourt-Queant Line](/source/Battle_of_Drocourt-Queant_Line)
*[Battle of the Canal du Nord](/source/Battle_of_the_Canal_du_Nord)
*[Battle of Cambrai](/source/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917))
*[Final Advance in Artois and Flanders](/source/Final_Advance_in_Artois_and_Flanders)
*[Occupation of Lille](/source/Occupation_of_Lille)
|awards           = [Companion of the Distinguished Service Order](/source/Distinguished_Service_Order)<br>[Knight Commander of The Most Honourable Order of the Bath](/source/Knight_Commander_of_The_Most_Honourable_Order_of_the_Bath)<br>[Croix de Guerre](/source/Croix_de_Guerre)
|other_work       = [Deputy Lieutenant](/source/Deputy_Lieutenant)<br>[Justice of the Peace](/source/Justice_of_the_Peace)
}}

[Major-General](/source/Major-General) '''Sir Reginald Walter Ralph Barnes''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|KCB|DSO|DL|JP}} (13 April 1871 – 19 December 1946) was a [cavalry](/source/cavalry) officer in the [British Army](/source/British_Army). He served in several [regiment](/source/regiment)s, and commanded a [battalion](/source/battalion) of the [Imperial Yeomanry](/source/Imperial_Yeomanry), the [10th (Prince of Wales's Own) Royal Hussars](/source/10th_(Prince_of_Wales's_Own)_Royal_Hussars), the [111th Brigade](/source/111th_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)), and three [division](/source/division_(military))s.

During his career he served in the [Cuban War of Independence](/source/Cuban_War_of_Independence), the [Second Boer War](/source/Second_Boer_War) and the [First World War](/source/First_World_War). Becoming a [Companion of the Distinguished Service Order](/source/Distinguished_Service_Order), and a [Knight Commander of The Most Honourable Order of the Bath](/source/Knight_Commander_of_The_Most_Honourable_Order_of_the_Bath). He was also awarded a French [''Croix de Guerre''](/source/Croix_de_Guerre).

==History==

===Early life===
Reginald Walter Ralph Barnes was born 13 April 1871, at [Stoke Canon](/source/Stoke_Canon) [Exeter](/source/Exeter), the son of Prenbendary R H Barnes. He was educated at [Westminster School](/source/Westminster_School), before in December 1888, becoming a [second-lieutenant](/source/second-lieutenant) in the part-time 4th (Hereford Militia) Battalion, [King's Shropshire Light Infantry](/source/King's_Shropshire_Light_Infantry).<ref name=barnes>{{cite web|accessdate=9 October 2013|publisher=Anglo-Boer War|title=Reginald Walter Ralph Barnes|url=http://www.angloboerwar.com/index.php?option=com_grid&gid=22_uw_0&p=2}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|date=4 December 1888|issue=25880|page=6942}}</ref> He was promoted to [lieutenant](/source/lieutenant) in September 1889.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=20 September 1889|issue=25976|page=5051}}</ref> Then in December 1890 he transferred to the regular army, dropping down a rank to second-lieutenant, when he joined the [4th (Queen's Own) Hussars](/source/4th_(Queen's_Own)_Hussars).<ref>{{London Gazette|date=4 December 1890|issue=26119|page=7310}}</ref> He regained his substantive rank of lieutenant in May 1893.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=23 May 1893|issue=26405|page=3001}}</ref> In 1894 and again in 1895 Barnes was one of a cabal of subalterns who harassed fellow junior officers into leaving the regiment because they were perceived as not meeting its social or other standards.<ref>{{cite book|first=Douglas E.|last=Russell|pages=95 & 100|title=Winston Churchill Soldier|year=2006|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing Plc |isbn=1-84486-032-9}}</ref>

===Cuban War of Independence and India===
His first experience of war came in November 1895, when he was attached as an observer of [guerrilla warfare](/source/guerrilla_warfare) to the Spanish Army during the [Cuban War of Independence](/source/Cuban_War_of_Independence), together with his fellow 4th Hussars officer, a twenty-one-year-old [Winston Churchill](/source/Winston_Churchill). Churchill was an accredited journalist for the [London Daily Graphic](/source/London_Daily_Graphic) newspaper, sending them dispatches from the front. But both officers were also under orders from [Colonel](/source/Colonel) [Edward Chapman](/source/Edward_Chapman_(British_Army_officer)), the British [Director of Military Intelligence](/source/Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(United_Kingdom)) to "collect information and statistics on various points and particularly as to the effect of the new bullet its penetration and striking power".<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=9 October 2013|publisher=New York Times book review|title=Churchill and Secret Service|last=Stafford|first=David|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/s/stafford-churchill.html}}</ref><ref name=kings>{{cite web|accessdate=9 October 2013|publisher=King's College London|title=R W R Barnes|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/locreg/BARNES.shtml}}</ref> Returning to England Barnes became the regimental [adjutant](/source/adjutant), from May 1896 for the next four years.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=23 June 1896|issue=26751|page=3642}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|date=19 June 1900|issue=27203|page=3812}}</ref> The regiment was stationed in British India in late 1896 and Barnes shared a bungalow with Churchill in Bangalore.

===Second Boer War===
In 1899, Barnes was seconded as adjutant to the [Imperial Light Horse](/source/Imperial_Light_Horse) in South-Africa,<ref>{{London Gazette|date=4 January 1901|issue=27263|page=83}}</ref> and on 31 December 1899 he was promoted to [captain](/source/Captain_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)).<ref>{{London Gazette| issue=27156 |page=428 |date=23 January 1900}}</ref>
He was present at the [Battle of Elandslaagte](/source/Battle_of_Elandslaagte) in October 1899, and in February 1900 at the [Battle of the Tugela Heights](/source/Battle_of_the_Tugela_Heights), which was part of the [relief of Ladysmith](/source/Siege_of_Ladysmith). That was followed by the [relief of Mafeking](/source/relief_of_Mafeking), in May and June 1900. Next were operations in the [Transvaal](/source/Transvaal_Colony) around [Pretoria](/source/Pretoria), and the [battle of Belfast](/source/battle_of_Belfast) in August.<ref name=barnes/> 
His participation in the war was recognised by being created a Companion of the [Distinguished Service Order](/source/Distinguished_Service_Order) (DSO).<ref>{{London Gazette|date=19 April 1901|issue=27306|page=2701}}</ref>

As the nature of the war changed into one of attrition, in May 1901, he became a local [major](/source/Major_(rank)) and [second in command](/source/second_in_command) of the [17th Battalion Imperial Yeomanry](/source/17th_Battalion_Imperial_Yeomanry).<ref>{{London Gazette|date=2 July 1901|issue=27329|page=4402}}</ref> Only two months later, in July 1901,<ref>{{London Gazette|date=20 September 1901|issue=27357|page=6170}}</ref> he was promoted to temporary [lieutenant-colonel](/source/lieutenant-colonel) and [commanding officer](/source/commanding_officer) of the [2nd Battalion Imperial Yeomanry](/source/2nd_Battalion_Imperial_Yeomanry), serving as such until March 1902,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27454|page=4511| date=15 July 1902}}</ref> when he returned to an ordinary posting in his regiment.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27462 |date=8 August 1902 |page=5098 }}</ref> He returned to the United Kingdom by the steamship {{SS|Kildonan Castle||2}} the same month.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The War - officers on passage home |date=18 March 1902 |page=11 |issue=36718}}</ref> As well as his DSO, Barnes was also [mentioned in dispatches](/source/mentioned_in_dispatches) for his service in South Africa.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=16 April 1901|issue=27305|page=2606}}</ref>

===Between wars===

In the post Boer War period, Barnes carried out several non-regimental staff duties. On 1 May 1904, he became the [Aide de Camp](/source/Aide_de_Camp) to [General](/source/General) [The Viscount Kitchener](/source/Herbert_Kitchener%2C_1st_Earl_Kitchener) in his position as [Commander-in-Chief, India](/source/Commander-in-Chief%2C_India), until January 1906.<ref name=barnes/><ref>{{London Gazette|date=23 September 1904|issue=27716|page=6142}}</ref> He then became an instructor at the Cavalry School, until December 1907, when he was promoted to [major](/source/Major_(rank)) and transferred to the [17th (Duke of Cambridge's Own) Lancers](/source/17th_(Duke_of_Cambridge's_Own)_Lancers).<ref>{{London Gazette|date=9 December 1907|issue=28087|page=86-7}}</ref> He remained with his new regiment until October 1909 and was the employed by as the Assistant Military Secretary to the [Governor and Commander-in-Chief, Malta](/source/List_of_Governors_of_Malta) [Leslie Rundle](/source/Leslie_Rundle).<ref>{{London Gazette|date=3 February 1911|issue=28462|page=856}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette||date=10 December 1909|issue=28316|page=9415}}</ref> That posting lasted until February 1911, when he was promoted to [lieutenant-colonel](/source/lieutenant-colonel) and given command of the [10th (Prince of Wales's Own) Royal Hussars](/source/10th_(Prince_of_Wales's_Own)_Royal_Hussars).<ref>{{London Gazette|date=3 February 1911|issue=28462|page=857}}</ref>

===First World War===
On the outbreak of war the 10th Hussars were stationed in South Africa.<ref>Rinaldi 2008, p. 385.</ref> The regiment sailed for Britain arriving 22 September 1914 and were assigned to the [6th Cavalry Brigade](/source/6th_Cavalry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)).<ref>Rinaldi 2008, p. 134.</ref>
They then travelled to the [Western Front](/source/Western_Front_(World_War_I)) as part of the [3rd Cavalry Division](/source/3rd_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)), commanded by Major General [Sir Julian Byng](/source/Julian_Byng%2C_1st_Viscount_Byng_of_Vimy), missing the early stages of the conflict. On 20 November the same year the regiment came under command of the [8th Cavalry Brigade](/source/8th_Cavalry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)).<ref>Rinaldi 2008, p. 49.</ref> While under Barnes' command the regiment fought in the [First Battle of Ypres](/source/First_Battle_of_Ypres) and the [Second Battle of Ypres](/source/Second_Battle_of_Ypres), with Barnes reported wounded in December 1914.<ref name="DT">{{cite news |title=Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03126/Telegraph1914_1112_3126776a.pdf |access-date=11 December 2020 |issue=18617 |date=11 December 1914 |page=12 |language=English}}</ref>

He was then, in April 1915, promoted to the temporary rank of [brigadier general](/source/Brigadier_(United_Kingdom))<ref>{{London Gazette|date=23 April 1915|issue=29140|page=3946}}</ref> and given command of the newly-formed 132nd Infantey Brigade, shortly afterwards renumbered as [111th Infantry Brigade](/source/111th_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)) of the [37th Division](/source/37th_Division_(United_Kingdom)) of [Kitchener's Army](/source/Kitchener's_Army).<ref>Becke, Pt 3b, p. 72.</ref> His brigade was formed from the [10th (Stockbrokers)](/source/10th_(Service)_Battalion%2C_Royal_Fusiliers_(Stockbrokers)) and [13th Battalions, Royal Fusiliers](/source/13th_(Service)_Battalion%2C_Royal_Fusiliers), the [13th Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps](/source/13th_(Service)_Battalion%2C_King's_Royal_Rifle_Corps) and the [13th Battalion, Rifle Brigade](/source/13th_(Service)_Battalion%2C_Rifle_Brigade).<ref>Becke, Pt 3b, p. 74.</ref><ref>[http://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/order-of-battle-of-divisions/37th-division/ 37th Division at Long, Long Trail.]</ref>

Barnes was invested with the [Companionship of the Order of the Bath](/source/Order_of_the_Bath) in June 1916 and promoted to temporary [major-general](/source/Major_general_(United_Kingdom)) in November.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=26 December 1916|issue=29882|supp=y|page=12644}}</ref> He then commanded the [32nd Division](/source/32nd_Division_(United_Kingdom)), another Kitchener's Army formation, from 22 November until he went sick on 9 January 1917.<ref>Becke, Pt 3b, p. 21.</ref>

He took command of the [Territorial Force](/source/Territorial_Force)'s [57th (2nd West Lancashire) Division](/source/57th_(2nd_West_Lancashire)_Division) from 1 July 1917, for which he was once again made a temporary major general,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30223|page=8109|date=7 August 1917|supp=y}}</ref> and which he commanded from then until the end of the war in November 1918.<ref name=barnes/><ref>Becke, Pt 2b, p. 1.</ref> His promotion to substantive major general came in May 1918;<ref>{{London Gazette|date=31 May 1918|issue=30716|supp=y|page=6455}}</ref> an

===Post war===

In the immediate post war period, Barnes was awarded several honours. In January 1919, he was appointed the [Colonel of the Regiment](/source/Colonel_of_the_Regiment) to the 4th Hussars.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=21 February 1919|issue=31197|supp=y|page=2676}}</ref> In June he was given command of the Territorial [55th (West Lancashire) Division](/source/55th_(West_Lancashire)_Division),<ref name=barnes/><ref>{{London Gazette|date=24 June 1919|issue=31417|supp=y|page=8014}}</ref> and invested as a [Knight Commander of The Most Honourable Order of the Bath](/source/Knight_Commander_of_The_Most_Honourable_Order_of_the_Bath).<ref>{{London Gazette|date=6 June 1919|issue=31395|page=7420}}</ref>
He was also twice awarded the French [Croix de Guerre](/source/Croix_de_Guerre).<ref>{{London Gazette|date=9 November 1920|city=e|issue=13649|page=2403}}</ref>

Away from army life he resided at Oakhay Barton, [Stoke Canon](/source/Stoke_Canon) in [Devon](/source/Devon), marrying Gunhilla Wijk, a widow, in 1919. Their son, Second-Lieutenant Reginald Ralph Barnes of the [Coldstream Guards](/source/Coldstream_Guards), was killed during the [Second World War](/source/Second_World_War).<ref name=barnes/><ref name=kings/><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=13 October 2013|publisher=[Commonwealth War Graves Commission](/source/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission)|title=Barnes Reginald Ralph|url=http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2119445/BARNES,%20REGINALD%20RALPH}}</ref>

He finally retired from the army in March 1921.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=29 March 1921|issue=32274|supp=y|page=2546}}</ref> He was appointed [Deputy Lieutenant](/source/Deputy_Lieutenant) for Devon in August 1927 <ref>{{London Gazette|date=19 August 1927|issue=33304|page=5396}}</ref> until his death in 1946. He also became a [Justice of the Peace](/source/Justice_of_the_Peace).

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Maj A.F. Becke,''History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2b: The 2nd-Line Territorial Force Divisions (57th–69th), with the Home-Service Divisions (71st–73rd) and 74th and 75th Divisions,'' London: HM Stationery Office, 1937/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, ISBN 1-847347-39-8.
* Maj A.F. Becke,''History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 3b: New Army Divisions (30–41) and 63rd (R.N.) Division'', London: HM Stationery Office, 1939/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, ISBN 1-847347-41-X.
*Rinaldi, Richard A (2008). ''Order of Battle of the British Army 1914''. Ravi Rikhye. {{ISBN|978-0-9776072-8-0}}.
* [http://www.longlongtrail.co.uk Chris Baker, ''The Long, Long Trail'']

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[Robert Broadwood](/source/Robert_Broadwood)}}
{{s-ttl|title=[GOC 57th (2nd West Lancashire) Division](/source/57th_(2nd_West_Lancashire)_Division)|years=1917–1919}}
{{s-aft|after=Post disbanded}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[Sir Hugh Jeudwine](/source/Hugh_Jeudwine)}}
{{s-ttl|title=[GOC 55th (West Lancashire) Division](/source/55th_(West_Lancashire)_Division)|years=1919–1921}}
{{s-aft|after=[Sir Lothian Nicholson](/source/Lothian_Nicholson_(British_Army_officer%2C_died_1933))}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barnes, Reginald}}
Category:1871 births
Category:1946 deaths
Category:British Army major generals
Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Category:British recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
Category:10th Royal Hussars officers
Category:British Militia officers
Category:King's Shropshire Light Infantry officers
Category:South African Light Horse officers
Category:4th Queen's Own Hussars officers
Category:Imperial Yeomanry officers
Category:17th Lancers officers
Category:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
Category:British Army cavalry generals of World War I
Category:Military personnel from Devon
Category:Deputy lieutenants of Devon
Category:English justices of the peace

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Reginald Barnes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald_Barnes) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald_Barnes?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.