# Red Pass

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**Red Pass** is a [gap](/source/Gap_(landform)) in the [Avawatz Mountains](/source/Avawatz_Mountains), in [San Bernardino County, California](/source/San_Bernardino_County,_California). Red Pass, lies between the [Silurian Valley](/source/Silurian_Valley) and the valley drained by an as yet unnamed tributary of [Salt Creek](/source/Salt_Creek_(San_Bernardino_County)), which drains much of the area of [Fort Irwin National Training Center](/source/Fort_Irwin_National_Training_Center), through Red Pass into the Silurian Valley and into the [Amargosa River](/source/Amargosa_River) in [Death Valley](/source/Death_Valley).[1]

## History

Red Pass was a pass for the [Old Spanish Trail](/source/Old_Spanish_Trail_(trade_route)), where they passed through the Avawatz Mountains between the watering place at [Salt Spring](/source/Salt_Spring_(San_Bernardino_County)) and [Bitter Spring](/source/Bitter_Spring_(San_Bernardino_County)).[2]: 12–13,15

From 1847, the Old Spanish Trail became a wagon road, later called the [Mormon Road](/source/Mormon_Road) pioneered by a party of Mormons led by [Jefferson Hunt](/source/Jefferson_Hunt) in 1847. From 1849 it became known by the [Forty-Niners](/source/California_Gold_Rush#Forty-niners) as the "Southern Route", of the [California Trail](/source/California_Trail), the winter route of the Forty-niners and later American immigrants to California. From 1855 after the route was modified and improvements made by the State of California and the Federal government, the winter trade route and freight wagon road between [Utah](/source/Utah) and [California](/source/California), it was known as the [Los Angeles - Salt Lake Road](/source/Los_Angeles_-_Salt_Lake_Road).[2]

## References

1. Edward Leo Lyman, Overland Journey from Utah to California: Wagon Travel from the City of Saints to the City of Angels, University of Nevada Press, 2008.

## External links

- [Red Pass to Bitter Spring: Retracing an 1849 Journey, from cannundrum.blogspot.com Tuesday, May 12, 2009 accessed October 5, 2015](http://cannundrum.blogspot.com/2009/05/red-pass-to-bitter-spring-retracing.html) Contains recent photos and description of Red Pass.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Red Pass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Pass) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Pass?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.