# Receptaculites

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{{Short description|Extinct genus of algae}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossilrange|488|250}}
| image = Receptaculitid.JPG
| image_caption = Receptaculitid from the [Ordovician](/source/Ordovician) of [Estonia](/source/Estonia).
| taxon = Receptaculites
| authority = Defrance 1827
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ref = <ref name="TPBDB">{{Cite web| url = https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56444 | publisher = The Paleobiology Database | access-date = 2011-08-15 | title = Family: Receptaculitidae | author = | year = }}</ref>
| subdivision =
*''R. arcticus'' <small>Etheridge</small><ref name=AB_g46139/>
*''R. biconstrictus'' <small>E.O.Ulrich</small><ref name=AB_g46139/>
*''R. maeandriformis'' <small>A.N.Ivanov</small><ref name=AB_g46139/>
*''R. monticulatus''
*''R. neptuni'' <small>Defrance</small><ref name=AB_g46139/>
*''R. occidentalis''
}}

'''''Receptaculites''''' is the name-bearing genus for an extinct group of conspicuous benthic marine genera, the '''receptaculitids''' (formally '''Receptaculitaceae''' or '''Receptaculitidae'''), that lived from the Early [Ordovician](/source/Ordovician) through the [Permian](/source/Permian) period, peaking in the Middle Ordovician. The group's phylogenetic origin has long been obscure, with some arguing that they were calcareous algae, probably of the order [Dasycladales](/source/Dasycladales).<ref name=Byrnes>Byrnes, J.G. 1968. Notes on the nature and environmental significance of the Receptaculitaceae. Lethaia, vol. 1, p. 368-381.</ref> Receptaculitids lived in warm, shallow seas,<ref name=Byrnes /> but consensus disagreeing.<ref>{{Cite book|doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-52335-9_6| chapter=Cyclocrinitids | title=Calcareous Algae and Stromatolites | year=1991 | last1=Beadle | first1=S. C. | pages=114–124 | isbn=978-3-642-52337-3 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | doi = 10.7312/webb12678-032| chapter = 31. Receptaculitids and Algae| title = The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event| year = 2004| last1 = Nitecki| first1 = Matthew H.| last2 = Webby| first2 = Barry D.| last3 = Spjeldnaes| first3 = Nils| last4 = Yong-Yi| first4 = Zhen| pages = 336–347| isbn = 9780231126786}}</ref> They have been described from all continents except Antarctica.<ref>Rietschel, S. and Nitecki, M.H. 1984. Ordovician Receptaculitid algae from Burma. Palaeontology, vol. 27, p. 415-420.</ref><ref name=AB_g46139>{{AlgaeBase genus|name=Receptaculites|id=46139|access-date=2022-02-28}}</ref> In some areas they were important reef-formers, and they also occur as isolated specimens.<ref>Pratt, B.R. and Weissenberger, J., 1988. Fore-slope Receptaculitid mounds from the Frasnian of the Rocky Mountains, Alberta. In: Reefs: Canada and adjacent areas, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 13, p. 510-513.</ref>

[[File:KimmswickOzoraMidOrdReceptaculitid.jpg|thumb|left|Receptaculitid from the [Kimmswick Limestone](/source/Kimmswick_Limestone) (Middle Ordovician) near [Ozora, Missouri](/source/Ozora%2C_Missouri).]]
[[File:Receptaculites oweni.jpg|left|thumb|''Receptaculites oweni'', late Ordovician, [Red River Formation](/source/Red_River_Formation), Garson, [Manitoba](/source/Manitoba). ]]
''Receptaculites'' and its relatives have a double-spiral, radiating pattern of [rhombus](/source/rhombus)-shaped plates supported by spindle-like objects called meroms.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://woostergeologists.scotblogs.wooster.edu/2017/02/10/wooster%E2%80%99s-fossil-of-the-week-a-receptaculitid-middle-ordovician-of-missouri/|title=Wooster's Fossil of the Week: A receptaculitid (Middle Ordovician of Missouri)|first=Mark|last=Wilson|date=2017-02-10|accessdate=2021-05-19}}</ref>  Fossils can usually be identified by the intersecting patterns of clockwise and counterclockwise rows of plates or stalk spaces, superficially similar to the arrangement of disk [floret](/source/floret)s on a [sunflower](/source/sunflower)—hence the common name "sunflower coral" (''sic'').<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stinchcomb |first1=Bruce L. |title=Missouri Fossils |journal=Rocks & Minerals |date=November 1997 |volume=72 |issue=6 |pages=393–399 |doi=10.1080/00357529709605072}}</ref>

Receptaculitids have sometimes been compared to the morphologically similar, but probably distantly related, [cyclocrinitids](/source/cyclocrinitids).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nitecki |first1=Matthew H. |last2=Webby |first2=Barry D. |last3=Spjeldnaes |first3=Nils |last4=Yong-Yi |first4=Zhen |title=31. Receptaculitids and Algae |journal=The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event |date=31 December 2004 |pages=336–347 |doi=10.7312/webb12678-032|isbn=9780231126786 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Beadle |first1=Steven C. |title=Dasyclads, cyclocrinitids and receptaculitids: comparative morphology and paleoecology |journal=Lethaia |date=January 1988 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=1–12 |doi=10.1111/j.1502-3931.1988.tb01745.x}}</ref>

Some [dolomitic](/source/dolomitic) [limestone](/source/limestone) deposits, such as [Tyndall stone](/source/Tyndall_stone) in [Manitoba](/source/Manitoba), Canada, are particularly rich in ''Receptaculites'' fossils. 

==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[File:Tyndal Stone with fossil.jpg|thumb|left|Receptaculitid in Ordovician [Tyndall limestone](/source/Tyndall_stone) from [Manitoba](/source/Manitoba), [Canada](/source/Canada).]]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7302354}}

Category:Paleozoic plants
Category:Ulvophyceae genera
Category:Fossil algae
Category:Early Ordovician first appearances
Category:Permian genus extinctions
Category:Paleozoic life of Ontario
Category:Paleozoic life of Alberta
Category:Paleozoic life of British Columbia
Category:Paleozoic life of Manitoba
Category:Paleozoic life of Newfoundland and Labrador
Category:Paleozoic life of the Northwest Territories
Category:Paleozoic life of Nunavut
Category:Paleozoic life of Quebec

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Receptaculites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptaculites) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptaculites?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.