# Read Montague

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**Pendleton Read Montague, Jr.** (born 1960) is an American neuroscientist and [popular science](/source/Popular_science) author. He is the director of the Human Neuroimaging Lab and Computational Psychiatry Unit at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC in [Roanoke, Virginia](/source/Roanoke,_Virginia), where he also holds the title of the inaugural Virginia Tech Carilion [Vernon Mountcastle](/source/Vernon_Benjamin_Mountcastle) Research Professor. Montague is also a professor in the department of [physics](/source/Physics) at [Virginia Tech](/source/Virginia_Tech) in [Blacksburg, Virginia](/source/Blacksburg,_Virginia) and professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine.

## Education

In 1978 Montague graduated high school from [The Lovett School](/source/The_Lovett_School) in Atlanta, Georgia. From 1978–1979, Montague studied electrical engineering at [Georgia Tech](/source/Georgia_Tech). He then continued his undergraduate education at [Auburn University](/source/Auburn_University), graduating in 1983 with a bachelor's degree in mathematics. In 1988, he earned a Ph.D. in [biophysics](/source/Biophysics) from the [University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine](/source/University_of_Alabama_at_Birmingham_School_of_Medicine). He continued his training with a fellowship in theoretical neurobiology at [The Neurosciences Institute](/source/The_Neurosciences_Institute) at [Rockefeller University](/source/Rockefeller_University). After completion of that fellowship, he completed another fellowship in the Computational Neurobiology Lab at [The Salk Institute for Biological Studies](/source/Salk_Institute_for_Biological_Studies).

## Career

Montague is the director of the [Center for Human Neuroscience Research](https://fbri.vtc.vt.edu/research/research-centers/center-for-human-neuroscience.html), the Human Neuroimaging Lab, the Human Magnetometry Lab, and the Computational Psychiatry Unit at the [Fralin Biomedical Research Institute](http://research.vtc.vt.edu) in [Roanoke, Virginia](/source/Roanoke,_Virginia), where he also holds the title of the inaugural Virginia Tech Carilion [Vernon Mountcastle](/source/Vernon_Benjamin_Mountcastle) Research Professor. Montague is also a professor in the department of [physics](/source/Physics) at [Virginia Tech](/source/Virginia_Tech) in [Blacksburg, Virginia](/source/Blacksburg,_Virginia), a professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and holds an appointment as Honorary Professor at [The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging](/source/Wellcome_Trust_Centre_for_Neuroimaging) at [University College London](/source/University_College_London).

From 2011-2018, Montague was a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow at The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London. Before moving to the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Montague was the Brown Foundation Professor of neuroscience at [Baylor College of Medicine](/source/Baylor_College_of_Medicine), founding director of the Human Neuroimaging Lab, and founding director in 2006 of the Computational Psychiatry Unit. He was also a professor in the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Baylor College of Medicine.

## Research

Montague's work has long focused on computational neuroscience – the connection between physical mechanisms present in real neural tissue and the computational functions that these mechanisms embody. His early theoretical work focused on the hypothesis that dopaminergic systems encode a particular kind of computational process, a reward prediction error signal, similar to those used in areas of artificial intelligence like optimal control. This work, carried out in collaboration with Peter Dayan and [Terry Sejnowski](/source/Terry_Sejnowski), focused on prediction as a guiding concept in terms of synaptic learning rules that would underlie learning,[2][3][4][5][6] valuation,[7] and choice.[8] This work proposed a modification to the then dominant idea of Hebbian or correlational learning.[2] In particular, it was shown that dopamine neurons and homologous octopaminergic neurons in bees display a reward prediction error signal exactly consonant with the temporal difference error signal[7][6] familiar from models of conditioning proposed by Sutton and Barto during the 1980s.

In pursuit of testing these prediction error ideas in humans, Montague founded the Human Neuroimaging Lab at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, and pursued functional neuroimaging experiments analogous to those used in other model species. This work tested the reward prediction error model in human subjects using simple conditioning experiments directly analogous to those used in rodents and non-human primates.[9][10][11][12][13] His group then tested the reward prediction error idea during an abstract task of social exchange between two interacting humans[14] and showed striatal BOLD signals that changed their timing consistent with a prediction error signal, but in the context of a social exchange. They also tested the idea of cultural brand identity and its impact on reward prediction error signals.[15] With Brooks King-Casas and colleagues, Montague later applied the same social exchange approach in participants with Autism [16] Borderline Personality Disorder.[17] These and other papers[18][19][20] helped establish the field of computational psychiatry.[21][22]

Montague and colleagues have further investigated the computational nature of dopamine as well as serotonin signals by making the first measurements of sub-second dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline fluctuations in the striatum of conscious human subjects.[23][24][25][26][27][28]

## Popular science

Montague has written a nonfiction work aimed at lay audiences entitled *Why Choose This Book?: How We Make Decisions*. The book discusses with (mostly) non-technical language the neuroscience and [psychology](/source/Psychology) of [decision making](/source/Decision_making).

Montague also gave a [TED](/source/TED_(conference)) Global Talk[29] in 2012 where he explained how functional MRI has opened a window on the neural basis of human social interaction and how such approaches may open a window on the neural basis of social disorders. He specifically spoke about how real-time imaging allows researchers to examine the complicated neural underpinnings of human interaction.

## Awards and honors

- [Michael E. DeBakey](/source/Michael_E._DeBakey) Excellence in Research Award: 1997, 2005
- Member, [Institute for Advanced Study](/source/Institute_for_Advanced_Study), Princeton, New Jersey: 2005-2006
- [Kavli](/source/Kavli_Foundation_(United_States)) Fellow, 2010 [National Academy of Sciences](/source/National_Academy_of_Sciences), U.S. - China Frontiers of Science
- Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellowship, 2011-2018
- [Walter Gilbert Award](/source/Walter_Gilbert), Auburn University, 2011
- Network Member, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, [The MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Law and Neuroscience](/source/John_D._and_Catherine_T._MacArthur_Foundation)
- William R. and Irene D. Miller Lectureship Recipient, [Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory](/source/Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory), 2011-2012
- Dorcas Cummings Memorial Lecture, [Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory](/source/Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory), 2018.

## Writings

- *Your Brain Is (Almost) Perfect: How We Make Decisions*. New York: Plume, 2007. ISBN 978-0-452-28884-3, previously published as *Why Choose This Book?: How We Make Decisions*. New York: Penguin Group (USA) Inc. ISBN 0-525-94982-8

## References

1. ["Montague, Pendleton"](https://www.ajc.com/news/obituaries/montague-pendleton/VVL4H73XRJFCVB7M3E5QM7UKZ4/). *The Atlanta Journal-Constitution*. [ISSN 1539-7459](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1539-7459). Retrieved 2022-11-27.

1. Montague, PR; Dayan, P; Nowlan, SJ; Pouget, A; Sejnowski, TJ (1993). ["Using Aperiodic Reinforcement for Directed Self-Organization During Development"](http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/MontagueDayan1993.pdf). *Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems*. **5**: 969–976.

1. Montague, PR; Dayan, P; Sejnowski, TJ (1994a). [*Foraging in an Uncertain Environment Using Predictive Hebbian Learning*](http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/MontagueDayanSejnowski1994.pdf). Vol. 6. pp. 598–605. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170811143511/http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/MontagueDayanSejnowski1994.pdf) 11 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 10 May 2017.

1. Montague, PR & Sejnowski, TJ. (1994b). ["The predictive brain: Temporal coincidence and temporal order in synaptic learning mechanisms"](http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/Predictive_Brain_Montague_Senjnowski_1994.pdf). *Learning and Memory*. **1** (1): 1–33. [doi:10.1101/lm.1.1.1](https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.1.1.1). [PMID 10467583](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10467583). [S2CID 44560099](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:44560099)

1. Montague, PR; Gancayco, CD; Winn, MJ; Marchase, RB; Friedlander, MJ. (1994-02-18). ["Role of NO production in NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmitter release in cerebral cortex"](http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/Montague_et_al_1994_Role_of_NO_production_....pdf). *Science*. **263** (5149): 973–977. [doi:10.1126/science.7508638](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7508638). [ISSN 0036-8075](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075). [PMID 7508638](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7508638)

1. Montague, PR; Dayan, P; Sejnowski, TJ. (1996-03-01). ["A framework for mesencephalic dopamine systems based on predictive Hebbian learning"](http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/Montgaue1996FrameworkforMesencephalic.pdf). *The Journal of Neuroscience*. **16** (5): 1936–1947. [doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-05-01936.1996](https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-05-01936.1996). [ISSN 0270-6474](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0270-6474). [PMC 6578666](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6578666). [PMID 8774460](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8774460)

1. Montague, PR; Dayan, P; Person, C; Sejnowski, TJ. (1995-10-26). ["Bee foraging in uncertain environments using predictive hebbian learning"](http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/Montague_et_al_1995_Nature_bee_paper.pdf). *Nature*. **377** (6551): 725–728. [Bibcode:1995Natur.377..725M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995Natur.377..725M). [doi:10.1038/377725a0](https://doi.org/10.1038/377725a0). [ISSN 0028-0836](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836). [PMID 7477260](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7477260). [S2CID 4324169](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4324169). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170811143950/http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/Montague_et_al_1995_Nature_bee_paper.pdf) 11 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 17 May 2017.

1. Schultz, W; Dayan, P; Montague, PR. (1997-03-14). ["A neural substrate of prediction and reward"](http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/SchultzDayanMontague1997Science.pdf). *Science*. **275** (5306): 1593–1599. [CiteSeerX 10.1.1.133.6176](https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.133.6176). [doi:10.1126/science.275.5306.1593](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5306.1593). [ISSN 0036-8075](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075). [PMID 9054347](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9054347). [S2CID 220093382](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220093382). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170811182107/http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/SchultzDayanMontague1997Science.pdf) 11 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 17 May 2017.

1. Berns, GS; McClure, SM; Pagnoni, G; Montague, PR. (2001-04-15). "Predictability modulates human brain response to reward". *The Journal of Neuroscience*. **21** (8): 2793–2798. [doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-08-02793.2001](https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-08-02793.2001). [ISSN 1529-2401](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1529-2401). [PMC 6762527](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6762527). [PMID 11306631](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11306631)

1. Montague, PR & Berns, GS. (2002-10-10). ["Neural economics and the biological substrates of valuation"](http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/MontagueBerns2002Neuron.pdf). *Neuron*. **36** (2): 265–284. [doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00974-1](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00974-1). [ISSN 0896-6273](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0896-6273). [PMID 12383781](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12383781). [S2CID 1814617](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1814617)

1. McClure, SM; Daw, ND; Montague, PR. (2003-08-01). ["A computational substrate for incentive salience"](http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/McClureDawMontague2003.pdf). *Trends in Neurosciences*. **26** (8): 423–428. [doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(03)00177-2](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-2236(03)00177-2). [ISSN 0166-2236](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0166-2236). [PMID 12900173](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12900173). [S2CID 11701048](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11701048)

1. McClure, SM; Berns, GS; Montague, PR. (2003-04-24). "Temporal prediction errors in a passive learning task activate human striatum". *Neuron*. **38** (2): 339–346. [doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00154-5](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00154-5). [ISSN 0896-6273](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0896-6273). [PMID 12718866](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12718866)

1. Braver, TS & Brown, JW. (2003). ["Principles of Pleasure Prediction: Specifying the Neural Dynamics of Human Reward Learning"](http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/Principles_of_pleasure_prediction_Braver_and_Brown_2003_CBeiJuE.pdf). *Neuron*. **38** (2): 150–152. [doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00230-7](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00230-7). [PMID 12718849](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12718849). Retrieved 2003-04-24.

1. King-Casas, BB; Tomlin, D; Anen, C; Camerer, CF; Quartz, SR; Montague, PR. (2005-04-01). ["Getting to Know You: Reputation and Trust in a Two-Person Economic Exchange"](http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/78.full.pdf). *Science*. **308** (5718): 78–83. [Bibcode:2005Sci...308...78K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Sci...308...78K). [doi:10.1126/science.1108062](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1108062). [ISSN 0036-8075](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075). [PMID 15802598](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15802598). [S2CID 8068031](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8068031)

1. McClure, SM; Li, J; Tomlin, D; Cypert, KS; Montague, LM; Montague, PR. (2004-10-14). ["Neural correlates of behavioral preference for culturally familiar drinks"](http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/McClureLi2004.pdf). *Neuron*. **44** (2): 379–387. [doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.09.019](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2004.09.019). [ISSN 0896-6273](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0896-6273). [PMID 15473974](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15473974)

1. Koshelev, M; Lohrenz, T; Vannucci, M; Montague, PR. (2010-10-21). ["Biosensor approach to psychopathology classification"](http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/pcbi.1000966.pdf). *PLOS Computational Biology*. **6** (10). [Bibcode:2010PLSCB...6E0966K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PLSCB...6E0966K). [doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000966](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000966). [ISSN 1553-7358](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1553-7358). [PMC 2958801](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2958801). [PMID 20975934](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20975934)

1. King-Casas, B; Sharp, C; Lomax-Bream, L; Lohrenz, T; Fonagy, P; Montague, PR. (2008-08-08). ["The Rupture and Repair of Cooperation in Borderline Personality Disorder"](http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/806.full.pdf). *Science*. **321** (5890): 806–810. [Bibcode:2008Sci...321..806K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Sci...321..806K). [doi:10.1126/science.1156902](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1156902). [ISSN 0036-8075](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075). [PMC 4105006](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4105006). [PMID 18687957](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18687957)

1. Chiu, PH; Lohrenz, TM; Montague, PR. (2008-04-01). ["Smokers' brains compute, but ignore, a fictive error signal in a sequential investment task"](http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/ChiuEtAl_NN08.pdf). *Nature Neuroscience*. **11** (4): 514–520. [doi:10.1038/nn2067](https://doi.org/10.1038/nn2067). [ISSN 1097-6256](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1097-6256). [PMID 18311134](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18311134). [S2CID 205431662](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205431662)

1. Chiu, PH; Kayali, MA; Kishida, KT; Tomlin, D; Klinger, LG; Klinger, MR; Montague, PR. (2008-02-07). ["Self responses along cingulate cortex reveal quantitative neural phenotype for high-functioning autism"](http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/2008_Chiu_et_al_Self_Responses_along_Cingulate_Cortex.pdf). *Neuron*. **57** (3): 463–473. [doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.12.020](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2007.12.020). [ISSN 0896-6273](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0896-6273). [PMC 4512741](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4512741). [PMID 18255038](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18255038)

1. Xiang, T; Ray, D; Lohrenz, T; Dayan, P; Montague, PR. (2012-01-01). ["Computational phenotyping of two-person interactions reveals differential neural response to depth-of-thought"](http://static.vtc.vt.edu/media/documents/pcbi.1002841.pdf). *PLOS Computational Biology*. **8** (12). [Bibcode:2012PLSCB...8E2841X](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PLSCB...8E2841X). [doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002841](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002841). [ISSN 1553-7358](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1553-7358). [PMC 3531325](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3531325). [PMID 23300423](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23300423)

1. Montague, P. Read; Dolan, Raymond J.; Friston, Karl J.; Dayan, Peter (2012). ["Computational psychiatry"](https://fbri.vtc.vt.edu/content/dam/fbri_vtc_vt_edu/publications/montague-publications/ComputationalPsychitary.pdf). *Trends in Cognitive Sciences*. **16** (1): 72–80. [doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.018](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.018). [hdl:21.11116/0000-0001-A0F0-A](https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0001-A0F0-A). [PMC 3556822](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3556822). [PMID 22177032](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22177032)

1. Montague, PR (2017). ["Computational Phenotypes Revealed by Interactive Economic Games"](https://fbri.vtc.vt.edu/content/dam/fbri_vtc_vt_edu/publications/montague-publications/Chapter11.pdf). *Computational psychiatry: mathematical modeling of mental illness*. Anticevic, Alan & Murray, John D. (eds.). Elsevier/AP, Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier. pp. 273–292. ISBN 978-0-12-809825-7. [OCLC 974698920](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/974698920)

1. Kishida, Kenneth T.; Sandberg, Stefan G.; Lohrenz, Terry; Comair, Youssef G.; Sáez, Ignacio; Phillips, Paul E. M.; Montague, P. Read (2011-08-04). ["Sub-Second Dopamine Detection in Human Striatum"](https://fbri.vtc.vt.edu/content/dam/fbri_vtc_vt_edu/publications/montague-publications/journal.pone.0023291.PDF). *PLOS ONE*. **6** (8). Zars, Troy (ed.). [Bibcode:2011PLoSO...623291K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PLoSO...623291K). [doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023291](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023291). [ISSN 1932-6203](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203). [PMC 3150430](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150430). [PMID 21829726](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21829726)

1. Kishida, Kenneth T.; Saez, Ignacio; Lohrenz, Terry; Witcher, Mark R.; Laxton, Adrian W.; Tatter, Stephen B.; White, Jason P.; Ellis, Thomas L.; Phillips, Paul E. M.; Montague, P. Read (2016-01-05). ["Subsecond dopamine fluctuations in human striatum encode superposed error signals about actual and counterfactual reward"](https://fbri.vtc.vt.edu/content/dam/fbri_vtc_vt_edu/publications/montague-publications/PNAS-2016-Kishida-200-5.pdf). *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences*. **113** (1): 200–205. [Bibcode:2016PNAS..113..200K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PNAS..113..200K). [doi:10.1073/pnas.1513619112](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1513619112). [ISSN 0027-8424](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424). [PMC 4711839](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4711839). [PMID 26598677](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26598677)

1. Moran, Rosalyn J; Kishida, Kenneth T; Lohrenz, Terry; Saez, Ignacio; Laxton, Adrian W; Witcher, Mark R; Tatter, Stephen B; Ellis, Thomas L; Phillips, Paul EM; Dayan, Peter; Montague, P Read (2018). ["The Protective Action Encoding of Serotonin Transients in the Human Brain"](https://fbri.vtc.vt.edu/content/dam/fbri_vtc_vt_edu/publications/montague-publications/ProtectiveActionEncoding.pdf). *Neuropsychopharmacology*. **43** (6): 1425–1435. [doi:10.1038/npp.2017.304](https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2017.304). [ISSN 0893-133X](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0893-133X). [PMC 5916372](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5916372). [PMID 29297512](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29297512)

1. Bang, Dan; Kishida, Kenneth T.; Lohrenz, Terry; White, Jason P.; Laxton, Adrian W.; Tatter, Stephen B.; Fleming, Stephen M.; Montague, P. Read (2020). ["Sub-second Dopamine and Serotonin Signaling in Human Striatum during Perceptual Decision-Making"](https://fbri.vtc.vt.edu/content/dam/fbri_vtc_vt_edu/publications/montague-publications/PIIS0896627320307157.pdf). *Neuron*. **108** (5): 999–1010.e6. [doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.015](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.015). [PMC 7736619](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7736619). [PMID 33049201](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33049201)

1. Bang, Dan; Luo, Yi; Barbosa, Leonardo S.; Batten, Seth R.; Hadj-Amar, Beniamino; Twomey, Thomas; Melville, Natalie; White, Jason P.; Torres, Alexis; Celaya, Xavier; Ramaiah, Priya; McClure, Samuel M.; Brewer, Gene A.; Bina, Robert W.; Lohrenz, Terry (2023). ["Noradrenaline tracks emotional modulation of attention in human amygdala"](https://fbri.vtc.vt.edu/content/dam/fbri_vtc_vt_edu/publications/montague-publications/5.%20Noradrenaline%20tracks%20emotional.pdf). *Current Biology*. **33** (22): 5003–5010.e6. [doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.074](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.074). [ISSN 0960-9822](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0960-9822). [PMC 10957395](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10957395). [PMID 37875110](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37875110)

1. Batten, Seth R.; Bang, Dan; Kopell, Brian H.; Davis, Arianna N.; Heflin, Matthew; Fu, Qixiu; Perl, Ofer; Ziafat, Kimia; Hashemi, Alice; Saez, Ignacio; Barbosa, Leonardo S.; Twomey, Thomas; Lohrenz, Terry; White, Jason P.; Dayan, Peter (2024). ["Dopamine and serotonin in human substantia nigra track social context and value signals during economic exchange"](https://fbri.vtc.vt.edu/content/dam/fbri_vtc_vt_edu/publications/montague-publications/Dopamine%20and%20serotonin%20in%20human%20substantia%20nigra%20track%20social%20context%20and%20value%20signals%20during%20economic%20exchange.pdf). *Nature Human Behaviour*. **8** (4): 718–728. [doi:10.1038/s41562-024-01831-w](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01831-w). [ISSN 2397-3374](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2397-3374). [PMC 11045309](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11045309). [PMID 38409356](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38409356)

1. Montague, Read (24 September 2012), ["What we're learning from 5,000 brains"](https://www.ted.com/talks/read_montague_what_we_re_learning_from_5_000_brains), retrieved 2021-02-10

## External links

- [Read Montague's faculty profile](http://research.vtc.vt.edu/employees/read-montague/) at the [Fralin Biomedical Research Institute](http://research.vtc.vt.edu)
- [Interview on the Brain Science Podcast, 2007](http://brainsciencpodcast.wordpress.com/2007/06/28/brain-science-podcast-15-interview-with-read-montague/)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Read Montague](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read_Montague) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read_Montague?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.