# Rapistrum

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> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapistrum
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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}{{Inline|date=September 2024}}{{Automatic taxobox 
| image = Bolletjesraket 19-05-2006 12.28.38.JPG
| image_caption = ''[Rapistrum rugosum](/source/Rapistrum_rugosum)''
| taxon = Rapistrum
| authority = [Crantz](/source/Heinrich_Johann_Nepomuk_von_Crantz)
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 
*''[Rapistrum perenne](/source/Rapistrum_perenne)'' {{small|(L.) All}}
*''[Rapistrum rugosum](/source/Rapistrum_rugosum)'' {{small|(L.) All}}
| subdivision_ref = <ref name = powo>{{cite web |title=''Rapistrum'' Crantz |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331896-2 |website=[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online) |publisher=[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew) |access-date=2 October 2025}}</ref>
| synonyms = 
*''Arthrolobus'' {{small|Andrz. ex DC.}}
*''Schrankia'' {{small|Medik.}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo/>
}}

'''''Rapistrum''''', the '''bastard cabbages''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=RAPIS|taxon=Rapistrum|access-date=18 October 2015}}</ref>{{Better citation needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([WP:NOTRS](/source/WP%3ANOTRS)).|date=September 2024}} is a [genus](/source/genus) of the family [Brassicaceae](/source/Brassicaceae) with a distinctive cross like arrangement of its [petal](/source/petal)s. It is also known<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapistrum |url=http://beta.floranorthamerica.org/Rapistrum |access-date=2024-09-12 |website=Flora North America}}</ref> as '''wild-turnip''' or '''turnipweed'''. Species of ''Rapistrum'' are [annual](/source/Annual_plant) to [perennials](/source/Perennial_plant) (Lifespan from 1 to 2 or more years). The yellow petals are accompanied by [sepal](/source/sepal)s that stand vertically at near right angles (erecto-patent). [Leaf shape](/source/Leaf_shape) and arrangement varies from rough toothed ([dentate](/source/Leaf_shape)) to a configuration of opposingly lobed pairs along the plant stalk, [pinnately lobed](/source/Leaf_shape).

== Etymology ==
The word "Rapistrum" is formed from the Latin ''rapa'' ("turnip") and ''-astrum'', ("incomplete resemblance").<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warwick |first=Suzanne I. |title=Rapistrum |url=http://beta.floranorthamerica.org/Rapistrum |website=Flora North America}}</ref>

==Fruit==
The genus ''Rapistrum'' has a characteristic [fruit](/source/fruit) comprising two segments, one distal and one proximal:

* The distal (upper division) is the part of the fruit farthest away from the point of attachment. The distal is endowed with a ribbed spheroid base (globose) that tapers to form a narrowed projection. It holds a single seed.

* The proximal (lower division) is the part of the fruit nearest to the point of attachment. Possesses a more uniform narrower shape compared to the distal above, giving the fruit a waist. It holds a maximum of three seeds, more commonly none or one.

The [fruit](/source/fruit) varies between species in the genus. The distal of ''[R. rugosum](/source/Rapistrum_rugosum)'' is strongly ribbed and narrows to form a beak whereas ''[R. perenne](/source/Rapistrum_perenne)'' is comparatively less wrinkled and ends with a [style](/source/Carpel) that stubbornly resists detachment, 'a persistent style'.

When ripe the distal breaks away in an across-wise fashion, breaking transversely.

==References==
{{Commons category|Rapistrum}}
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*{{Citation | surname=Stace | given=C. | author-link = Clive Stace |title=Field flora of the British Isles| publisher=Cambridge University Press | place=[Cambridge](/source/Cambridge) | year=1999 |ISBN=0-521-65315-0}}.
*{{Citation | surname=Streeter | given=D. | title=The wild flowers of the British Isles| publisher=Midsummer Books Ltd. | place=[London](/source/London) | year=1983 |ISBN=1-900732-03-3}}.

{{Taxonbar|from=Q162891}}

Category:Brassicaceae genera
Category:Plants described in 1769

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Rapistrum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapistrum) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapistrum?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.