# Raphitoma > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Raphitoma > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Raphitoma.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphitoma > Source revision: 1356390000 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Genus of gastropods Raphitoma Shells of Raphitoma bourguignati (syntype in the MNHN, Paris) Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Gastropoda Subclass: Caenogastropoda Order: Neogastropoda Superfamily: Conoidea Family: Raphitomidae Genus: Raphitoma Luigi Bellardi, 1848[1] Type species † Pleurotoma hystrix de Cristofori & Jan, 1832 Species See text Synonyms[2] Cenodagreutes E.H. Smith, 1967 Cirillia Monterosato, 1884 (Invalid: junior homonym of Cirillia Rondani, 1856 [Diptera]; Cyrillia is an emendation and Lineotoma is a replacement names) Cordieria Monterosato, 1884 (invalid: junior homonym of Cordieria Rouault, 1848) Cyrtoides F. Nordsieck, 1968 Daphnella (Raphitoma) Bellardi, 1847 Homotoma Bellardi, 1875 (Invalid: junior homonym of Homotoma Guérin-Méneville, 1844 [Hemiptera]; Peratotoma is a replacement name) Lineotoma F. Nordsieck, 1977 Mangilia (Raphitoma) Peratotoma G. F. Harris & Burrows, 1891 Philbertia Monterosato, 1884 Raphitoma (Cyrtoides) F. Nordsieck, 1968 Raphitoma (Leufroyia) Monterosato, 1884 Raphitoma (Philbertia) Monterosato, 1884 Raphitoma (Raphitoma) Bellardi, 1847 Rhaphitoma (sic) ***Raphitoma*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of [sea snails](/source/Sea_snail), marine [gastropod](/source/Gastropod) [mollusks](/source/Mollusk) in the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Raphitomidae](/source/Raphitomidae).[2] The [type species](/source/Type_species) *Pleurotoma hystrix* Cristofori and Jan, 1832 is a [nomen nudum](/source/Nomen_nudum). It has been validated by Bellardi, 1847 as “*Pleurotoma histrix* Jan.” [3] ## Distribution This genus occurs in European waters, in the northern part of the [Mediterranean Sea](/source/Mediterranean_Sea), and in the Atlantic Ocean off [Cape Verde](/source/Cape_Verde), [West Africa](/source/West_Africa) and [Angola](/source/Angola). ## Taxonomy history The genus *Raphitoma* was created in 1847 by [Luigi Bellardi](/source/Luigi_Bellardi) (1818-1889) in his "Monographie des Pleurotomes fossiles du Piémont" for species in different groups without [operculum](/source/Operculum_(gastropod)).[4] *Raphitoma* now contains many species formerly assigned to *Pleurotoma* Lamarck, 1799, *Clathurella* (Carpenter, 1857) and *Philbertia* (Monterosato, 1884). *Philbertia* was synonymized with *Raphitoma* in 1990 because Dr. [Philippe Bouchet](/source/Philippe_Bouchet) did not consider valid the subdivision of species into different genera solely on the basis of differences during larval development.[5][6] In describing *Raphitoma*, the [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) (WoRMS) relied on an unpublished database "Nomenclator of Molluscan Supraspecific Names" by Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (2010). In December 2011, the WoRMS database still showed 21 species retaining the genus name *Philbertia*. In their publication "A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda)", Bouchet, Kantor et al. (2011) still recognize *Philbertia* as a valid genus in the Raphitomidae.[7] As of the [2017 update](/source/Changes_in_the_taxonomy_of_gastropods_since_2005) to the [2005 restructuring of gastropod taxonomy](/source/Taxonomy_of_the_Gastropoda_(Bouchet_%26_Rocroi%2C_2005)), WoRMS recognizes *Philbertia* as a synonym of *Raphitoma*.[2] ## Description According to Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. (2018), the shell of the species in this genus are characterized by: - shape: turreted to biconic-pupoidal with an impressed suture. - size: small to medium (5 mm to 25 mm) compared with the other genera in this family - [protoconch](/source/Protoconch): 3 to 4.5 whorls when multispiral ([planktotrophic](/source/Planktotrophic) development) - otherwise paucispiral ([lecithotrophic](/source/Lecithotrophic) development) - this [dichotomy](/source/Dichotomy) of the larval development between sibling species can be used in distinguishing them). - [body whorl](/source/Body_whorl): frequently keeled. - [Sculpture](/source/Sculpture_(mollusc)): reticulate and diagonally squarely cancellated with the axial opisthocline ribs broader than the spiral riblets; sometimes growth lines visible between the ribs on the body whorl. - outer [lip](/source/Lip_(gastropod)): thickened, showing inner denticles; crenulated externally. - [columella](/source/Columella_(gastropod)): simple; sometimes slightly sinuous anteriorly. - [siphonal canal](/source/Siphonal_canal): funnel-like; short to rather long; wide. Data about the soft parts are scarce and suggest a variation between the species.[8] ## Species Species within the genus *Raphitoma* include: - † *[Raphitoma alfurica](/source/Raphitoma_alfurica)* P. J. Fischer, 1927 - † *[Raphitoma alida](/source/Raphitoma_alida)* Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2016 - *[Raphitoma alleryana](/source/Raphitoma_alleryana)* (Sulliotti, 1889) - *[Raphitoma alternans](/source/Raphitoma_alternans)* ([Monterosato](/source/Tommaso_Di_Maria_Allery_Monterosato), 1884)[9] - *[Raphitoma andrehoaraui](/source/Raphitoma_andrehoaraui)* Pelorce & Horst, 2020 - *[Raphitoma antipolitana](/source/Raphitoma_antipolitana)* Pelorce & Horst, 2020 - † *[Raphitoma antonjanseni](/source/Raphitoma_antonjanseni)* Marquet, 1998 - † *[Raphitoma arenosa](/source/Raphitoma_arenosa)* Lozouet, 2017 - *[Raphitoma arnoldi](/source/Raphitoma_arnoldi)* Pallary, 1904[10] - † *[Raphitoma asperata](/source/Raphitoma_asperata)* Lozouet, 2017 - *[Raphitoma atropurpurea](/source/Raphitoma_atropurpurea)* (Locard & Caziot, 1900)[11] - † *[Raphitoma augustae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_augustae&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Boettger, 1902) - *[Raphitoma azuari](/source/Raphitoma_azuari)* Pelorce & Horst, 2020 - *[Raphitoma bartolinorum](/source/Raphitoma_bartolinorum)* Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2018 - † *[Raphitoma baudoni](/source/Raphitoma_baudoni)* (G.P. Deshayes, 1865 ) - † *[Raphitoma belliana](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_belliana&action=edit&redlink=1)* Finlay, 1927 - *[Raphitoma bernardoi](/source/Raphitoma_bernardoi)* Rolán, Otero-Schmitt & Fernandes, 1998[12] - *[Raphitoma bicolor](/source/Raphitoma_bicolor)* ([Risso](/source/Antoine_Risso), 1826)[13] - † *[Raphitoma birmanica](/source/Raphitoma_birmanica)* Vredenburg, 1921 - † *[Raphitoma boutillieri](/source/Raphitoma_boutillieri)* Cossmann, 1889 - *[Raphitoma bourguignati](/source/Raphitoma_bourguignati)* (Locard, 1891) - *[Raphitoma bracteata](/source/Raphitoma_bracteata)* (Pallary, 1904)[14] - † *[Raphitoma breitenbergeri](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_breitenbergeri&action=edit&redlink=1)* Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2020 - *[Raphitoma brunneofasciata](/source/Raphitoma_brunneofasciata)* Pusateri, Giannuzzi-Savelli & Oliverio, 2013 - *[Raphitoma caboverdensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_caboverdensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Espinosa & Ortea, 2021 - *[Raphitoma christfriedi](/source/Raphitoma_christfriedi)* Rolan et al., 1998[15] - † *[Raphitoma columnae](/source/Raphitoma_columnae)* (Scacchi, 1835)[16] - † *[Raphitoma consimilis](/source/Raphitoma_consimilis)* F.W. Harmer, 1918 - *[Raphitoma contigua](/source/Raphitoma_contigua)* ([Monterosato](/source/Tommaso_Di_Maria_Allery_Monterosato), 1884) - *[Raphitoma corbis](/source/Raphitoma_corbis)* (Potiez & Michaud, 1838)[17] - *[Raphitoma cordieri](/source/Raphitoma_cordieri)* (Payraudeau, 1826)[18] - † *[Raphitoma costellata](/source/Raphitoma_costellata)* (J.B.P.A. Lamarck, 1804) - *[Raphitoma curta](/source/Raphitoma_curta)* Fenaux, 1942[19] (nomen dubium) - † *[Raphitoma daphnelloides](/source/Raphitoma_daphnelloides)* Gougerot & Le Renard, 1981 - † *[Raphitoma dellabellaorum](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_dellabellaorum&action=edit&redlink=1)* Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2020 - *[Raphitoma dempsta](/source/Raphitoma_dempsta)* (A.A. Gould, 1860) - *[Raphitoma densa](/source/Raphitoma_densa)* ([Monterosato](/source/Tommaso_Di_Maria_Allery_Monterosato), 1884)[20] - † *[Raphitoma deshayesi](/source/Raphitoma_deshayesi)* Cossmann, 1902 - † *[Raphitoma desmoulinsi](/source/Raphitoma_desmoulinsi)* Bellardi, 1847 - † *[Raphitoma dictyella](/source/Raphitoma_dictyella)* Cossmann, 1889 - *[Raphitoma digiulioi](/source/Raphitoma_digiulioi)* Pusateri & Giannuzzi Savelli, 2017 - † *[Raphitoma diozodes](/source/Raphitoma_diozodes)* Cossmann, 1898 - † *[Raphitoma eberti](/source/Raphitoma_eberti)* Koenen, 1894 - *[Raphitoma ebreorum](/source/Raphitoma_ebreorum)* Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2018 - *[Raphitoma echinata](/source/Raphitoma_echinata)* (Brocchi, 1814)[21] - † *[Raphitoma echinus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_echinus&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Boettger, 1902) - *[Raphitoma enginaeformis](/source/Raphitoma_enginaeformis)* Nevill & Nevill, 1875 - † *[Raphitoma erinaceus](/source/Raphitoma_erinaceus)* (Bellardi, 1877) - † *[Raphitoma exasperata](/source/Raphitoma_exasperata)* Lozouet, 2017 - *[Raphitoma farolita](/source/Raphitoma_farolita)* F. Nordsieck, 1977 - † *[Raphitoma ferrierii](/source/Raphitoma_ferrierii)* (Brunetti, Della-Bella & Giano, 2006) - † *[Raphitoma ferroviae](/source/Raphitoma_ferroviae)* Cossmann, 1923 - † *[Raphitoma fischeri](/source/Raphitoma_fischeri)* Cossmann, 1902 - *[Raphitoma formosa](/source/Raphitoma_formosa)* (Jeffreys, 1867) - † *[Raphitoma gabusogana](/source/Raphitoma_gabusogana)* Nomura & Zinbo, 1936 - † *[Raphitoma ganensis](/source/Raphitoma_ganensis)* Cossmann, 1923 - † *[Raphitoma garlandi](/source/Raphitoma_garlandi)* Harmer, 1918 - † *[Raphitoma grimmertingenensis](/source/Raphitoma_grimmertingenensis)* Marquet, Lenaerts & Laporte, 2016 - *[Raphitoma griseomaculata](/source/Raphitoma_griseomaculata)* Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2018 - † *[Raphitoma harpula](/source/Raphitoma_harpula)* (G.B. Brocchi, 1814 ) - † *[Raphitoma herminae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_herminae&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Boettger, 1902) - † *[Raphitoma hildae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_hildae&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Boettger, 1902) - *[Raphitoma hispidella](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_hispidella&action=edit&redlink=1)* Giannuzzi-Savelli & Pusateri, 2019 - † *[Raphitoma histrix](/source/Raphitoma_histrix)* Bellardi, 1847[22] - † *[Raphitoma hoernesi](/source/Raphitoma_hoernesi)* (Mayer, 1869) - *[Raphitoma horrida](/source/Raphitoma_horrida)* ([Monterosato](/source/Tommaso_Di_Maria_Allery_Monterosato), 1884)[23] - † *[Raphitoma hypotetica](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_hypotetica&action=edit&redlink=1)* Bellardi, 1847 - *[Raphitoma kharybdis](/source/Raphitoma_kharybdis)* Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2018 - *[Raphitoma laviae](/source/Raphitoma_laviae)* (Philippi, 1844)[24] - † *[Raphitoma lennieri](/source/Raphitoma_lennieri)* Cossmann & Pissaro, 1900 - † *[Raphitoma leptocolpa](/source/Raphitoma_leptocolpa)* Cossmann, 1889 - † *[Raphitoma lilliputiana](/source/Raphitoma_lilliputiana)* Lozouet, 2017 - *[Raphitoma lineolata](/source/Raphitoma_lineolata)* (Bucquoy, Dollfus & Dautzenberg, 1883)[25] - *[Raphitoma locardi](/source/Raphitoma_locardi)* Pusateri, Giannuzzi-Savelli & Oliverio, 2013 - *[Raphitoma maculosa](/source/Raphitoma_maculosa)* Høisæter, 2016 (*[taxon inquirendum](/source/Species_inquirenda)*) - † *[Raphitoma margaritata](/source/Raphitoma_margaritata)* Janssen, 1978 - † *[Raphitoma mediodenticulata](/source/Raphitoma_mediodenticulata)* Lozouet, 2017 - *[Raphitoma melitis](/source/Raphitoma_melitis)* Kontadakis & Mbazios, 2019 - † *[Raphitoma merignacensis](/source/Raphitoma_merignacensis)* (Peyrot, 1931) - † *[Raphitoma michaudi](/source/Raphitoma_michaudi)* (Bellardi, 1877) - *[Raphitoma mirabilis](/source/Raphitoma_mirabilis)* (Pallary, 1904)[26] - *[Raphitoma natalensis](/source/Raphitoma_natalensis)* Barnard, 1958 - † *[Raphitoma neerrepenensis](/source/Raphitoma_neerrepenensis)* Marquet, Lenaerts & Laporte, 2016 - † *[Raphitoma neoscapulata](/source/Raphitoma_neoscapulata)* Lozouet, 2017 - *[Raphitoma nivea](/source/Raphitoma_nivea)* (Monterosato, 1875)[27] - *[Raphitoma oblonga](/source/Raphitoma_oblonga)* (Jeffreys, 1867) - † *[Raphitoma palumbina](/source/Raphitoma_palumbina)* Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018 - *[Raphitoma papillosa](/source/Raphitoma_papillosa)* (Pallary, 1904)[28] - † *[Raphitoma parahystrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_parahystrix&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Boettger, 1902) - *[Raphitoma perinsignis](/source/Raphitoma_perinsignis)* (E. A. Smith, 1884) - † *[Raphitoma perplexa](/source/Raphitoma_perplexa)* (Deshayes, 1865) - † *[Raphitoma perpulchra](/source/Raphitoma_perpulchra)* (Wood, 1848) - *[Raphitoma petanii](/source/Raphitoma_petanii)* Prkić, Giannuzzi-Savelli & Pusateri, 2020 - *[Raphitoma philberti](/source/Raphitoma_philberti)* (Michaud, 1829)[29] - † *[Raphitoma pleurotomelloides](/source/Raphitoma_pleurotomelloides)* Lozouet, 2017 - *[Raphitoma pruinosa](/source/Raphitoma_pruinosa)* (Pallary, 1906)[30] - † *[Raphitoma pseudocordieri](/source/Raphitoma_pseudocordieri)* Peyrot, 1931 - *[Raphitoma pseudohystrix](/source/Raphitoma_pseudohystrix)* (Sykes, 1906)[31] - † *[Raphitoma pulchra](/source/Raphitoma_pulchra)* (Peyrot, 1931) - *[Raphitoma pumila](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_pumila&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Monterosato, 1890) - *[Raphitoma pupoides](/source/Raphitoma_pupoides)* (Monterosato, 1884)[32] - *[Raphitoma purpurea](/source/Raphitoma_purpurea)* ([Montagu](/source/George_Montagu_(naturalist)), 1803)[33] - *[Raphitoma pusaterii](/source/Raphitoma_pusaterii)* Prkić & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2020 - † *[Raphitoma pycnum](/source/Raphitoma_pycnum)* Lozouet, 1999 - *[Raphitoma radula](/source/Raphitoma_radula)* (Monterosato, 1884) - † *[Raphitoma raynevali](/source/Raphitoma_raynevali)* (Bellardi, 1877) - † *[Raphitoma ringens](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_ringens&action=edit&redlink=1)* Bellardi, 1847 - † *[Raphitoma sapicurtensis](/source/Raphitoma_sapicurtensis)* Cossmann, 1902 - † *[Raphitoma scacchii](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_scacchii&action=edit&redlink=1)* Bellardi, 1847 - † *[Raphitoma scapulata](/source/Raphitoma_scapulata)* Lozouet, 2017 - † *[Raphitoma semicostata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_semicostata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Bellardi, 1847 - *[Raphitoma skylla](/source/Raphitoma_skylla)* Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2018 - *[Raphitoma smriglioi](/source/Raphitoma_smriglioi)* Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2013 [34] - † *[Raphitoma soniusae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_soniusae&action=edit&redlink=1)* Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2020 - *[Raphitoma sophiae](/source/Raphitoma_sophiae)* Kontadakis & Polyzoulis, 2019 - *[Raphitoma spadiana](/source/Raphitoma_spadiana)* Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2012 - † *[Raphitoma sparsa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_sparsa&action=edit&redlink=1)* Boettger, 1902 - *[Raphitoma stanici](/source/Raphitoma_stanici)* Prkić, Giannuzzi-Savelli & Pusateri, 2020 - † *[Raphitoma striolaris](/source/Raphitoma_striolaris)* (Deshayes, 1837) - *[Raphitoma strucki](/source/Raphitoma_strucki)* (Maltzan, 1883) - † *[Raphitoma subaequalis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_subaequalis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Boettger, 1902) - † *[Raphitoma suberinacea](/source/Raphitoma_suberinacea)* Lozouet, 2017 - † *[Raphitoma subfragilis](/source/Raphitoma_subfragilis)* Lozouet, 2017 - † *[Raphitoma subpurpurea](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_subpurpurea&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Boettger, 1902) - † *[Raphitoma subvellicata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_subvellicata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Boettger, 1902 - † *[Raphitoma symmetrica](/source/Raphitoma_symmetrica)* (Reeve, 1846) - *[Raphitoma syrtensis](/source/Raphitoma_syrtensis)* F. Nordsieck, 1977 - *[Raphitoma tomentosa](/source/Raphitoma_tomentosa)* Nordsieck, 1968[35] (*[taxon inquirendum](/source/Species_inquirenda)*) - † *[Raphitoma unica](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_unica&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Boettger, 1902) - † *[Raphitoma venusta](/source/Raphitoma_venusta)* (Lea, 1833) - † *[Raphitoma vercingetorixi](/source/Raphitoma_vercingetorixi)* Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018 - † *[Raphitoma vitiosa](/source/Raphitoma_vitiosa)* Lozouet, 1999 - † *[Raphitoma vogeli](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphitoma_vogeli&action=edit&redlink=1)* Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2020 - *[Raphitoma volutella](/source/Raphitoma_volutella)* (Kiener, 1840)[36] - *[Raphitoma zelotypa](/source/Raphitoma_zelotypa)* Rolan et al., 1998[37] † = species is extinct ## Synonyms - *Raphitoma aequalis* (Jeffreys, 1867): synonym of *[Cyrillia aequalis](/source/Cyrillia_aequalis)* (Jeffreys, 1867) - *Raphitoma affine* Locard, 1891: synonym of *[Bela nebula](/source/Bela_nebula)* (Montagu, 1803) - *Raphitoma amoena* Sars G.O., 1878: synonym of *[Nepotilla amoena](/source/Nepotilla_amoena)* (G.O. Sars, 1878) - *Raphitoma angusta* Bellardi, 1847 †: synonym of *[Agathotoma angusta](/source/Agathotoma_angusta)* (Bellardi, 1847) † (original combination) - *Raphitoma antonjanssei* Marquet & Landau, 2006 †: synonym of *[Raphitoma antonjanseni](/source/Raphitoma_antonjanseni)* Marquet, 1998 † (unjustified emendation) - *Raphitoma asperrima* (T. Brown, 1827): synonym of *[Trophonopsis muricata](/source/Trophonopsis_muricata)* (Montagu, 1803) - *Raphitoma barbierii* Brusina, 1866: synonym of *[Drilliola loprestiana](/source/Drilliola_loprestiana)* (Calcara, 1841) ) - *Raphitoma bedoyai* Rolán, Otero-Schmitt & F. Fernandes, 1998: synonym of *[Daphnella bedoyai](/source/Daphnella_bedoyai)* (Rolán, Otero-Schmitt & F. Fernandes, 1998) (original combination) - † *Raphitoma bertrandiana* (Millet, 1865): synonym of † *[Daphnella bertrandiana](/source/Daphnella_bertrandiana)* (Millet, 1865) - *Raphitoma bofilliana* (Sulliotti, 1889): synonym of *[Raphitoma alleryana](/source/Raphitoma_alleryana)* (Sulliotti, 1889) - *Raphitoma boothii* Smith, 1839: synonym of *[Raphitoma concinna](/source/Raphitoma_concinna)* (Scacchi, 1836) - *Raphitoma brachystoma* (Philippi, 1844): synonym of *[Sorgenfreispira brachystoma](/source/Sorgenfreispira_brachystoma)* (Philippi, 1844) - *Raphitoma brevis* Réquien, 1848: synonym of *[Raphitoma pupoides](/source/Raphitoma_pupoides)* (Monterosato, 1884) - *Raphitoma brevis* F. Nordsieck, 1977: synonym of *[Raphitoma brunneofasciata](/source/Raphitoma_brunneofasciata)* Pusateri, Giannuzzi-Savelli & Oliverio, 2013 (preoccupied name) - *Raphitoma buchanensis* Macgillivray, 1843: synonym of *[Cyrillia linearis](/source/Cyrillia_linearis)* (Montagu, 1803) - *Raphitoma cappellinii* Deshayes, 1865: synonym of *Raphitoma costellata capellinii* Deshayes, 1865 - *Raphitoma caudicula* Nardo, 1848: synonym of *[Raphitoma leufroyi](/source/Raphitoma_leufroyi)* (Michaud, 1828) - *Raphitoma concinna* (Scacchi, 1836): synonym of *[Leufroyia concinna](/source/Leufroyia_concinna)* (Scacchi, 1836) - *Raphitoma confusa* Locard, 1897: synonym of *[Sorgenfreispira brachystoma](/source/Sorgenfreispira_brachystoma)* (Philippi, 1844) - *Raphitoma confusum* Locard, 1897: synonym of *[Sorgenfreispira brachystoma](/source/Sorgenfreispira_brachystoma)* (Philippi, 1844) (dubious synonym; incorrect gender ending) - *Raphitoma corbiformis* Locard & Caziot, 1900: synonym of *[Raphitoma corbis](/source/Raphitoma_corbis)* (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) - *Raphitoma cordieri* Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883: synonym of *[Raphitoma horrida](/source/Raphitoma_horrida)* (Monterosato, 1884) - *Raphitoma corimbensis* Rolán, Otero-Schmitt & F. Fernandes, 1998: synonym of *[Daphnella corimbensis](/source/Daphnella_corimbensis)* (Rolán, Otero-Schmitt & F. Fernandes, 1998) (original combination) - *Raphitoma cranchiana* Gray, 1852: synonym of *[Cyrillia linearis](/source/Cyrillia_linearis)* (Montagu, 1803) - *Raphitoma cylindracea* [sic]: synonym of *[Raphitoma locardi](/source/Raphitoma_locardi)* Pusateri, Giannuzzi-Savelli & Oliverio, 2013 (misspelling of *Clathurella cylindrica* Locard & Caziot, 1900) - *Raphitoma cyrilli* Brusina, 1866: synonym of *[Cyrillia linearis](/source/Cyrillia_linearis)* (Montagu, 1803) - *Raphitoma decorata* Locard, 1892: synonym of *[Raphitoma cordieri](/source/Raphitoma_cordieri)* (Payraudeau, 1826) - *Raphitoma decussatum* Locard, 1891: synonym of *[Bela decussata](/source/Bela_decussata)* (Locard, 1891) (original combination) - † *Raphitoma defrancei* Tucker & Renard, 1993: synonym of † *[Amblyacrum dameriacense](/source/Amblyacrum_dameriacense)* (Deshayes, 1865) - *Raphitoma detexta* Bellardi, 1877 †: synonym of *[Bela detexta](/source/Bela_detexta)* (Bellardi, 1877) † (original combination) - *Raphitoma divae* Carrozza, 1984: synonym of *[Raphitoma pseudohystrix](/source/Raphitoma_pseudohystrix)* (Sykes, 1906) - *Raphitoma dollfusi* Locard, 1886: synonym of *[Raphitoma cordieri](/source/Raphitoma_cordieri)* (Payraudeau, 1826) - *Raphitoma echinata* Calcara, 1839: synonym of *[Raphitoma horrida](/source/Raphitoma_horrida)* (Monterosato, 1884) - *Raphitoma elegans* Blainville, 1829: synonym of *[Raphitoma purpurea](/source/Raphitoma_purpurea)* (Montagu, 1803) - *Raphitoma elegans* (Donovan, 1804): synonym of *[Cyrillia linearis](/source/Cyrillia_linearis)* (Montagu, 1803) - *Raphitoma elegans* Locard & Caziot, 1900: synonym of *[Cyrillia linearis](/source/Cyrillia_linearis)* (Montagu, 1803) - *Raphitoma elegans* Monterosato, 1875: synonym of *[Cyrillia linearis](/source/Cyrillia_linearis)* (Montagu, 1803) - *Raphitoma ephesina* Pusateri, Giannuzzi Savelli & Stahlschmidt, 2017: synonym of *[Cyrillia ephesina](/source/Cyrillia_ephesina)* (Pusateri, Giannuzzi-Savelli & Stahlschmidt, 2017) (original combination) - *Raphitoma erronea* (Monterosato, 1884): synonym of *[Leufroyia erronea](/source/Leufroyia_erronea)* Monterosato, 1884 - *Raphitoma euzonata* Hervier, 1897: synonym of *[Kermia episema](/source/Kermia_episema)* (Melvill & Standen, 1896) - *Raphitoma exstriolata* Cerulli-Irelli, 1910: synonym of *[Mangelia costulata](/source/Mangelia_costulata)* Risso, 1826 - *Raphitoma fallax* Forbes, 1844: synonym of *[Raphitoma purpurea](/source/Raphitoma_purpurea)* (Montagu, 1803) - *Raphitoma flavida* F. Nordsieck, 1977: synonym of *[Raphitoma densa](/source/Raphitoma_densa)* (Monterosato, 1884) - *Raphitoma fulgurans* (Krauss, 1848): synonym of *[Anachis kraussii](/source/Anachis_kraussii)* (Sowerby I, 1844) - † *Raphitoma georgesi* Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018: synonym of † *[Cyrillia georgesi](/source/Cyrillia_georgesi)* (Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018) † (original combination) - *Raphitoma gougeroti* J. K. Tucker & Le Renard, 1993 †: synonym of *[Amblyacrum gougeroti](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amblyacrum_gougeroti&action=edit&redlink=1)* (J. K. Tucker & Le Renard, 1993) † (original combination) - *Raphitoma hispida* Bellardi, 1877 †: synonym of *[Bela hispida](/source/Bela_hispida)* (Bellardi, 1877) † (original combination) - *Raphitoma hispidula* Bellardi, 1847 †: synonym of *[Bela hispidula](/source/Bela_hispidula)* (Bellardi, 1847) † (original combination) - *Raphitoma hypothetica* Bellardi, 1848 †: synonym of *[Atoma hypothetica](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atoma_hypothetica&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Bellardi, 1848) † (original combination) - *Raphitoma ida* Thiele, 1925: synonym of *[Tritonoturris capensis](/source/Tritonoturris_capensis)* (Smith, 1882) - *Raphitoma inflata* De Cristofori, 1832: synonym of *[Leufroyia leufroyi](/source/Leufroyia_leufroyi)* (Michaud, 1828) - *Raphitoma intermedia* Nordsieck, 1968:[38] synonym of *[Raphitoma laviae](/source/Raphitoma_laviae)* (Philippi, 1844) - *Raphitoma kabuli* Rolán, Otero-Schmitt & F. Fernandes, 1998: synonym of *[Cyrillia kabuli](/source/Cyrillia_kabuli)* (Rolán, Otero-Schmitt & F. Fernandes, 1998) (original combination) - † *Raphitoma landreauensis* Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018: synonym of † *[Leufroyia landreauensis](/source/Leufroyia_landreauensis)* (Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018) (original combination) - *Raphitoma leufroyi* (Michaud, 1828): synonym of *[Leufroyia leufroyi](/source/Leufroyia_leufroyi)* (Michaud, 1828) - *Raphitoma lineare* Réquien, 1848: synonym of *[Raphitoma cordieri](/source/Raphitoma_cordieri)* (Payraudeau, 1826) - *Raphitoma linearis* (Montagu, 1803): synonym of *[Cyrillia linearis](/source/Cyrillia_linearis)* (Montagu, 1803) - *Raphitoma linearis* Monterosato, 1875: synonym of *[Cyrillia linearis](/source/Cyrillia_linearis)* (Montagu, 1803) - *Raphitoma lirifera* Bellardi, 1877 †: synonym of *[Bela lirifera](/source/Bela_lirifera)* (Bellardi, 1877) † (original combination) - *Raphitoma mirabilis* Locard, 1891: synonym of *[Leufroyia leufroyi](/source/Leufroyia_leufroyi)* (Michaud, 1828) - *Raphitoma monterosatoi* F. Nordsieck, 1977: synonym of *[Raphitoma horrida](/source/Raphitoma_horrida)* (Monterosato, 1884) - *Raphitoma muricoidea* Blainville, 1829: synonym of *[Cyrillia linearis](/source/Cyrillia_linearis)* (Montagu, 1803) - *Raphitoma neapolitana* F. Nordsieck, 1977: synonym of *[Raphitoma pupoides](/source/Raphitoma_pupoides)* (Monterosato, 1884) - *Raphitoma nebula* (Montagu, 1803): synonym of *[Bela nebula](/source/Bela_nebula)* (Montagu, 1803) - *Raphitoma nuperrima* (Tiberi, 1855): synonym of *[Bela nuperrima](/source/Bela_nuperrima)* (Tiberi, 1855) - *Raphitoma obesa* Høisæter, 2016: synonym of *[Cyrillia obesa](/source/Cyrillia_obesa)* (Høisæter, 2016) (original combination) - *Raphitoma oceanicum* Locard, 1891: synonym of *[Bela oceanica](/source/Bela_oceanica)* (Locard, 1891) (original combination) - *Raphitoma ornata* Locard, 1891: synonym of *[Bela ornata](/source/Bela_ornata)* (Locard, 1891): synonym of *[Mangelia costulata](/source/Mangelia_costulata)* Risso, 1826 (original combination) - *Raphitoma ornatus* Strebel, 1904: synonym of *[Tritonoturris capensis](/source/Tritonoturris_capensis)* (Smith, 1882) - *Raphitoma pallaryi* Nordsieck, 1977:[39] synonym of *[Raphitoma mirabilis](/source/Raphitoma_mirabilis)* (Pallary, 1904) - *Raphitoma payraudeauti* Weinkauff, 1868: synonym of *[Mangelia attenuata](/source/Mangelia_attenuata)* (Montagu, 1803) - *Raphitoma peregrinator* Locard, 1897: synonym of *Mangelia nuperrima* (Tiberi, 1855): synonym of *[Bela nuperrima](/source/Bela_nuperrima)* (Tiberi, 1855) - † *Raphitoma plicata* (Lamarck, 1803): synonym of † *[Elaeocyma plicata](/source/Elaeocyma_plicata)* (Lamarck, 1804) - *Raphitoma plicatella* Bellardi, 1847 †: synonym of *[Bela plicatella](/source/Bela_plicatella)* (Bellardi, 1847) † (original combination) - *Raphitoma powisiana* Dautzenberg, 1887: synonym of *[Bela powisiana](/source/Bela_powisiana)* (Dautzenberg, 1887) (original combination) - † *Raphitoma pseudoconcinna* Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018: synonym of † *[Daphnella pseudoconcinna](/source/Daphnella_pseudoconcinna)* (Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018) (original combination) - *Raphitoma pulchella* Adams & Angas, 1863: synonym of *[Daphnella harrisoni](/source/Daphnella_harrisoni)* (Tenison-Woods, 1878) - *Raphitoma pumila* (Monterosato, 1890): synonym of *Raphitoma echinata pumila* Monterosato, 1890 - *Raphitoma punctatus* Brown, 1827: synonym of *[Raphitoma purpurea](/source/Raphitoma_purpurea)* (Montagu, 1803) - *Raphitoma pungens* Monterosato, 1884: synonym of *[Raphitoma horrida](/source/Raphitoma_horrida)* (Monterosato, 1884) - *Raphitoma radula* Monterosato, 1884: synonym of *[Raphitoma cordieri](/source/Raphitoma_cordieri)* (Payraudeau, 1826) - *Raphitoma reconditum* Locard, 1891: synonym of *[Bela nuperrima](/source/Bela_nuperrima)* (Tiberi, 1855) - *Raphitoma reticulata* Brocchi, 1814: synonym of *[Raphitoma echinata](/source/Raphitoma_echinata)* (Brocchi, 1814) - *Raphitoma reticulata* Renier, 1804: synonym of *[Raphitoma echinata](/source/Raphitoma_echinata)* (Brocchi, 1814) - *Raphitoma rissoi* Locard, 1886: synonym of *[Mangelia costulata](/source/Mangelia_costulata)* Risso, 1826 - *Raphitoma rosea* Brusina, 1866: synonym of *[Cyrillia linearis](/source/Cyrillia_linearis)* (Montagu, 1803) - *Raphitoma sandrii* Brusina, 1865: synonym of *Mangiliella sandrii* (Brusina, 1865): synonym of *[Mangelia sandrii](/source/Mangelia_sandrii)* (Brusina, 1865) (original combination) - † *Raphitoma scacchii* Hörn., 1848: synonym of *[Raphitoma philberti](/source/Raphitoma_philberti)* (Michaud, 1829) - *Raphitoma scacchii* De Casa & Hallgass, 1979: synonym of *[Leufroyia concinna](/source/Leufroyia_concinna)* (Scacchi, 1836) - *Raphitoma septentrionalis* Locard, 1892: synonym of *[Raphitoma echinata](/source/Raphitoma_echinata)* (Brocchi, 1814) - *Raphitoma septenvillei* Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1913: synonym of *Bela septenvillei* (Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1913): synonym of *[Bela nebula](/source/Bela_nebula)* (Montagu, 1803) (original combination) - *Raphitoma servaini* (Locard, 1891): synonym of *[Raphitoma oblonga](/source/Raphitoma_oblonga)* (Jeffreys, 1867) - *Raphitoma strictum* Locard, 1891: synonym of *Mangelia smithii* (Forbes, 1840): synonym of *[Mangelia costulata](/source/Mangelia_costulata)* Risso, 1826 - *Raphitoma substriolata* Harmer, 1918: synonym of *[Mangelia costulata](/source/Mangelia_costulata)* Risso, 1826 (dubious synonym) - *Raphitoma syracusanum* Blainville, 1829: synonym of *[Raphitoma cordieri](/source/Raphitoma_cordieri)* (Payraudeau, 1826) - † *Raphitoma textilis* (Brocchi, 1814): synonym of † *[Rimosodaphnella textilis](/source/Rimosodaphnella_textilis)* (Brocchi, 1814) - *Raphitoma tricolor* Risso, 1826: synonym of *[Cyrillia linearis](/source/Cyrillia_linearis)* (Montagu, 1803 - † *Raphitoma turtaudierei* Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018: synonym of † *[Leufroyia turtaudierei](/source/Leufroyia_turtaudierei)* (Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018) (original combination) - *Raphitoma variegatum* Philippi, 1836: synonym of *[Raphitoma philberti](/source/Raphitoma_philberti)* (Michaud, 1829) - *Raphitoma versicolor* Scacchi, 1836: synonym of *[Raphitoma philberti](/source/Raphitoma_philberti)* (Michaud, 1829) - *Raphitoma villaria* Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2008: synonym of *[Leufroyia villaria](/source/Leufroyia_villaria)* (Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2008) (original combination) - *Raphitoma zamponorum* Horro, Rolán & Gori, 2019: synonym of *[Cyrillia zamponorum](/source/Cyrillia_zamponorum)* (Horro, Gori & Rolán, 2019) (original combination) - *Raphitoma zonalis* Delle Chiaje, 1830: synonym of *[Leufroyia leufroyi](/source/Leufroyia_leufroyi)* (Michaud, 1828) - *Raphitoma zonatum* Locard, 1891: synonym of *[Bela zonata](/source/Bela_zonata)* (Locard, 1891) (original combination) ## References 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Bellardi (1847). *Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Torino* (2)**9**: 538, 612. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-WoRMS_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-WoRMS_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-WoRMS_2-2) [*Raphitoma* Bellardi, 1848](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137829). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 4 October 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [riccardo giannuzzi savelli, A revision of the Mediterranean Raphitomidae (Neogastropoda, Conoidea) 4: The species of the group of Raphitoma purpurea (Montagu, 1803) with the description of a new species](https://www.academia.edu/35255304/A_revision_of_the_Mediterranean_Raphitomidae_Neogastropoda_Conoidea_4_The_species_of_the_group_of_Raphitoma_purpurea_Montagu_1803_with_the_description_of_a_new_species?email_work_card=view-paper); Boll. Malacol., 53 : 161-183 (2, 30/11/2017) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [Bellardi L. — Monographia delle Pleurotome fossili del Piemonte. Monographie des Pleurotomes fossiles du Piémont p. 612](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7664911#page/707/mode/1up) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [Marco Oliverio, "Gastropoda Prosobranchia", Biol. Mar. Mediterr. (2008), 15 (suppl.): 235-278](http://www.sibm.it/CHECKLIST/BMM%2015%28s1%29%202008%20Checklist%20I/35%20GASTROPODA%20PROSOBRANCHIA.pdf) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Bouchet P., 1990. Turrid genera and mode of development: the use and abuse of protoconch morphology. Malacologia, 32: 69-77. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** [Bouchet, Kantor et al. (2011), "A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda)"](https://archive.today/20120530034753/http://mollus.oxfordjournals.org/content/77/3/273.full.pdf+html) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Giannuzzi-Savelli, R., Pusateri, F. & Bartolini, S. 2018. A revision of the Mediterranean Raphitomidae (Gastropoda: Conoidea) 5: loss of planktotrophy and pairs of species, with the description of four new species. Bollettino Malacologico, 54, Supplement 11:1–7 1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** [*Raphitoma alternans* (Monterosato, 1884)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139355). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** [*Raphitoma arnoldi* Pallary, 1904](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139356). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** [*Raphitoma atropurpurea* (Locard & Caziot, 1900)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139357). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** [*Raphitoma bernardoi* Rolán, Otero-Schmitt & Fernandes, 1998](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225094). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** [*Raphitoma bicolor* (Risso, 1826)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=248257). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** [*Raphitoma bracteata* (Pallary, 1904)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139359). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** [*Raphitoma christfriedi* Rolan et al., 1998](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=434860). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** [*Raphitoma columnae* (Scacchi, 1835)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=434861). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** [*Raphitoma corbis* (Potiez, 1838)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139361). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** [*Raphitoma cordieri* (Payraudeau, 1826)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139362). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** [*Raphitoma curta* Fenaux, 1942](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=434862). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** [*Raphitoma densa* (Monterosato, 1884)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139364). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** [*Raphitoma echinata* (Brocchi, 1814)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139366). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** [*Raphitoma histrix* Bellardi, 1847](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139368). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** [*Raphitoma horrida* (Monterosato, 1884)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139369). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** [*Raphitoma laviae* (Philippi, 1844)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=195913). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** [*Raphitoma lineolata* (Bucquoy, Dollfus & Dautzenberg, 1883)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=195914). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** [*Raphitoma mirabilis* (Pallary, 1904)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139372). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** [*Raphitoma nivea* (Monterosato, 1875)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139373). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** [*Raphitoma papillosa* (Pallary, 1904)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139374). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** [*Raphitoma philberti* (Michaud, 1829)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139375). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** [*Raphitoma pruinosa* (Pallary, 1906)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139376). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** [*Raphitoma pseudohystrix* (Sykes, 1906)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139377). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** [*Raphitoma pupoides* (Monterosato, 1884)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139378). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** [*Raphitoma purpurea* (Montagu, 1803)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139379). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** Iberus, 31(1): 11-20 1. **[^](#cite_ref-35)** [*Raphitoma tomentosa* Nordsieck, 1968](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=435260). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-36)** [*Raphitoma volutella* (Kiener, 1840)](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139380). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-37)** [*Raphitoma zelotypa* Rolan et al., 1998](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=434868). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** [*Raphitoma intermedia* Nordsieck, 1968](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=435285). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-39)** [*Raphitoma pallaryi* Nordsieck, 1977](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=434866). Retrieved through: [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) on 14 April 2010. - Howson, C.M.; Picton, B.E. (Ed.) (1997). *The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas*. Ulster Museum Publication, 276. The Ulster Museum: Belfast, UK. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-948150-06-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-948150-06-8). vi, 508 (+ cd-rom) - Filmer R.M. (2001). *A Catalogue of Nomenclature and Taxonomy in the Living Conidae 1758 - 1998*. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 388pp. - Terlizzi, A.; Scuderi, D.; Fraschetti, S.; Anderson, M.J. (2005). *Quantifying effects of pollution on biodiversity: a case study of highly diverse molluscan assemblages in the Mediterranean*. Mar. Biol. 148(2): 293-305 - Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli & Oliverio, Revisione delle Raphitomidae mediterranee 1: su Raphitoma contigua (Monterosato, 1884) e Raphitoma spadiana n. sp., speciesorelle (Gastropoda, Conoidea); Sociedad Espanola de Malacologia - Iberus, 30 (1): 41-52, 2012 ## External links - [Riccardo Giannuzzi-Savelli, Francesco Pusateri, Stefano Bartolini; A revision of the Mediterranean Raphitomidae, 8: on two poorly known species of Raphitoma Bellardi, 1847: R. pumila (Monterosato, 1890) and R. hispidella nomen novum (Gastropoda Conoidea); Biodiversity Journal, 2019](https://www.academia.edu/38805847/A_revision_of_the_Mediterranean_Raphitomidae_8_on_two_poorly_known_species_of_Raphitoma_Bellardi_1847_R._pumila_Monterosato_1890_and_R._hispidella_nomen_novum_Gastropoda_Conoidea_?email_work_card=title) - [Fassio, Giulia, et al. "An assessment of Raphitoma and allied genera (Neogastropoda: Raphitomidae)." Journal of Molluscan Studies (2019)](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Riccardo_Giannuzzi_Savelli/publication/336987681_Journal_of_The_Malacological_Society_of_London_Molluscan_Studies_An_assessment_of_Raphitoma_and_allied_genera_Neogastropoda_Raphitomidae/links/5dbd8ca192851c8180258b94/Journal-of-The-Malacological-Society-of-London-Molluscan-Studies-An-assessment-of-Raphitoma-and-allied-genera-Neogastropoda-Raphitomidae.pdf) - Tucker, J.K. (2004). ["Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)"](http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2004f/z00682f.pdf) (PDF). *Zootaxa*. **682**: 1–1295. - [Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base: Raphitomidae](http://www.bagniliggia.it/WMSD/HtmFamily/RAPHITOMIDAELS.htm) Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Raphitoma](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Raphitoma). Taxon identifiers Raphitoma Wikidata: Q3168177 Wikispecies: Raphitoma BOLD: 126898 CoL: 7PFKN GBIF: 2305481 iNaturalist: 482500 IRMNG: 1223259 ITIS: 205144 MNHN: raphitoma NBN: NBNSYS0000177637 NCBI: 358443 Open Tree of Life: 823129 Paleobiology Database: 11624 WoRMS: 137829 --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Raphitoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphitoma) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphitoma?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.