# Raphanea

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{{Short description|Ancient city in Syria Secunda}}
{{Distinguish|Raphana}}
{{Infobox ancient site

  |name = Raphanea
  |native_name = الرفنية
  |alternate_name = 
  |image = Ifpo 21511 Syrie, gouvernorat de Hama, district de Masyaf, région de Raphanée, vue aérienne oblique.jpg
  |alt = 
  |caption = 1936 aerial view of Raphanea
  |map_type = Syria
  |map_alt = 
  |map_size = 250
  |location = [Syria](/source/Syria)
  |region = [Hama Governorate](/source/Hama_Governorate)
  |coordinates  = {{coord|34|56|03|N|36|23|48|E|type:city_region:SY_source:kolossus-frwiki|display=inline,title}}
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'''Raphanea''' or '''Raphaneae''' ({{langx|grc|Ῥαφάνεια}};<ref>{{cite web|author=Emil Schürer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X7k3BAAAQBAJ&q=%E1%BF%AC%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1&pg=PT647|title=A History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ: Two Divisions in Five Volumes|publisher=Aeterna Press|year=2014|isbn=}}</ref> {{langx|ar|الرفنية|al-Rafaniyya}}; colloquial: ''Rafniye'') was a city of the late [Roman province](/source/Roman_province) of [Syria Secunda](/source/Syria_Secunda). Its bishopric was a [suffragan](/source/suffragan) of [Apamea](/source/Apamea%2C_Syria).

== History ==

[Josephus](/source/Josephus) mentions Raphanea in connection with a river Σαββατικον, referred now to as [Sambation](/source/Sambation) that flowed only every seventh days (probably an intermittent spring now called Fuwar ed-Deir) and that was viewed by [Titus](/source/Titus) on his way northward from [Berytus](/source/Berytus) after the [destruction of Jerusalem](/source/destruction_of_Jerusalem) in AD 70.<ref>[http://www.ccel.org/j/josephus/works/war-7.htm Josephus, ''The War of the Jews or The History of the Destruction of Jerusalem'', book 7, chapter 5, 1]</ref>

Near [Emesa](/source/Emesa), Raphanea was the fortified headquarters of the [Legio III Gallica](/source/Legio_III_Gallica) from which was launched the successful bid of 14-year-old [Elagabalus](/source/Elagabalus) to become [Roman Emperor](/source/Roman_Emperor) in 218.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hL99AgAAQBAJ&dq=Raphanea&pg=PA209 Jasper Burns, ''Great Women of Imperial Rome'' (Routledge 2006] {{ISBN|978-1-13413185-3}}), p. 209</ref>

Raphanea issued coins under Elagabalus,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YJPn3-rRjC0C&dq=Rafniyeh&pg=PA117 Kevin Butcher, ''Roman Syria and the Near East'' (Getty Publications 2003] {{ISBN|978-0-89236715-3}}), p. 117</ref> and many of its coins are extant.<ref>[http://numismatics.org/search/results?q=department_facet:%22Greek%22%20AND%20mint_facet:%22Raphanea%22 American Numismatic Society: Raphanea]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cerberuscoins.com/Elagabalus-AE21mm-of-Raphanea-in-Syria.html |title=Elagabalus AE21mm Raphanea in Syria |access-date=2014-02-20 |archive-date=2023-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128062214/https://www.cerberuscoins.com/elagabalus-ae21mm-of-raphanea-in-syria.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.forumancientcoins.com/board/index.php?topic=42046.0;wap2 Raphanea Genius Coin]</ref>

[Hierocles](/source/Hierocles_(author_of_Synecdemus))<ref>''[Synecdemus](/source/Synecdemus)'', 712, 8.</ref> and [Georgius Cyprius](/source/Georgius_Cyprius)<ref>870 ([Heinrich Gelzer](/source/Heinrich_Gelzer), ''Georgii Cyprii descriptio orbis romani'', 44)</ref> mention Raphanea among the towns of Syria Secunda. The crusaders passed through it at the end of 1099; it was taken by [Baldwin I](/source/Baldwin_I_of_Edessa) and was given to the [Count of Tripoli](/source/Count_of_Tripoli).<ref>"Historiens des croisades", passim; Rey in "Bulletin de la Société des antiquaires de France", Paris, 1885, 266.</ref> It was then  known as Rafania.<ref name=CE>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13018c.htm Sophrone Pétridès, "Rhaphanaea" in ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' (New York 1912)]</ref>

== Episcopal see ==

The only bishops of Raphanea known are:<ref name=CE/><ref>[Le Quien](/source/Le_Quien), "Oriens christianus", II, 921.</ref> 
*Bassianus, present at the [Nicaea](/source/First_Council_of_Nicaea), 325;
*Gerontius at Philippopolis, 344; 
*Basil at [Constantinople](/source/First_Council_of_Constantinople), 381; 
*Lampadius at [Chalcedon](/source/Council_of_Chalcedon), 451; 
*Zoilus about 518; 
*Nonnus, 536.

The see is mentioned as late as the 10th century in the ''[Notitia episcopatuum](/source/Notitia_episcopatuum)'' of [Antioch](/source/Antioch).<ref name=CE/><ref>Vailhé, "Échos d'Orient", X, 94.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{cite web |url=http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/668350 |title=Places: 668350 (Raphaneai) |author=Brown, J., P. Gatier, R. Warner, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies |accessdate=March 8, 2012<!-- 12:10 pm -->|publisher=Pleiades}}
*[http://www.tabula-peutingeriana.de/tp/tp_nr.html#R Raphanea(e)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605201153/http://www.tabula-peutingeriana.de/tp/tp_nr.html#R |date=2016-06-05 }} in the ''[Tabula Peutingeriana](/source/Tabula_Peutingeriana)''

{{Authority control}}

Category:Catholic titular sees in Asia
Category:Former populated places in Syria
Category:Archaeological sites in Hama Governorate

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Raphanea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphanea) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphanea?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.