# Rap opera

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"Hip hopera" redirects here. For the Volume 10 album, see [Hip-Hopera](/source/Hip-Hopera).

A **rap opera**, **hip hopera** or **rapera** is a musical work in [hip-hop](/source/Hip-hop) style with [operatic](/source/Opera) form. The terms have been used to describe both [dramatic works](/source/Dramatic_work) and [concept albums](/source/Concept_album), and *hip hopera* has also been used for works drawing more heavily on [contemporary R&B](/source/Contemporary_R%26B) than other hip hop such as rap.

## Etymology

The word *hip hopera* is a [portmanteau](/source/Portmanteau) of *hip hop* and *opera*. An early use of the phrase was a [1994 album of that name](/source/Hip-Hopera) by [Volume 10](/source/Volume_10_(rapper)) (although not a concept album). The first dramatic production to use the term was a 2001 [telefilm](/source/Telefilm) by [MTV](/source/MTV), titled *[Carmen: A Hip Hopera](/source/Carmen:_A_Hip_Hopera)*. The word received increased use after 2005, in describing [R&B](/source/Contemporary_R%26B) singer [R. Kelly](/source/R._Kelly)'s *[Trapped in the Closet](/source/Trapped_in_the_Closet)* series.[1][2]

## History

Rap opera, also known as hip-hopera, is a hybrid genre between rap and opera. Opera is a musical genre that began in the late 16th century. Hip hop is a much newer musical genre that became popular during the 1970s.[3] Historically, both rap and opera have been used as a form of expression and storytelling. Now, in popular culture, the fusion of the two genres is being used for the same purpose.[4] Historically popular and classic pieces such as *[Carmen](/source/Carmen)* and *[Romeo and Juliet](/source/Romeo_and_Juliet)* have been transformed into hip hop pieces.

## In popular culture

The use of hip hopera in popular culture began in 1997 when hip hop group [The Fugees](/source/Fugees) and [Bounty Killer](/source/Bounty_Killer) collaborated on a musical single titled "[Hip-Hopera](/source/Hip-Hopera_(song))."[4] In 2001, the film *[Carmen: A Hip Hopera](/source/Carmen:_A_Hip_Hopera)*, a modern rendition of [Georges Bizet](/source/Georges_Bizet)'s 1875 opera *Carmen*, aired on [MTV](/source/MTV). The film featured Destiny's Child frontwoman [Beyoncé Knowles](/source/Beyonc%C3%A9), as well as other rappers and modern-day musicians, and was renowned as "the first hip hop musical."[4] *[Rome & Jewel](/source/Rome_%26_Jewel)*, a 2006 [Rennie Harris](/source/Rennie_Harris) film is another hip hop rendition of [William Shakespeare](/source/William_Shakespeare)'s *[Romeo and Juliet](/source/Romeo_and_Juliet)*.[4] In 2023, American rapper [Latto](/source/Latto) and pop singer [Christina Aguilera](/source/Christina_Aguilera) released a rap opera-inspired song for the food delivery company [Just Eat](/source/Just_Eat).[5]

Rap opera is also being used in communities through local organizations such as the Rap Opera Project.[6] Carlos Aguirre, the creator of the Rap Opera Project, teaches rap opera to marginalized and at risk youth in his community. The project's intention is to give voice to individuals who have otherwise felt oppressed. Aguirre, channeling his own personal experience and youth as a minority, is using musical expression as a form of therapy.[6] In the United Kingdom, traditional opera is adopting modern hip hop beats to appeal to the modern youth.[7] *The Moon Prince: A Rap Opera*, is another community-led rap opera for youth featured in Charlotte and Boston.[8]

## Reception

There have been mixed responses to the usage of rap opera. Theater critic Steven Oxman gave his feedback on *Carmen: A Hip Hopera*, stating "*Carmen* is MTV's first 'Hip Hopera', and while that phrase may be way too cute for its own good, this reworking of Bizet's opera into a contemporary, hip-hop musical works quite well, and represents one of the more original recent efforts to create a new form from an old one."[9]

## See also

- [Rock opera](/source/Rock_opera)

## References

1. Snorton, C. Riley (2009). ["Trapped in the Epistemological Closet: Black Sexuality and the 'Ghettocentric Imagination'"](https://www.academia.edu/3214548). *Souls*. **11** (2): 99. [doi:10.1080/10999940902910115](https://doi.org/10.1080/10999940902910115). [ISSN 1099-9949](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1099-9949). [S2CID 144058833](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144058833)

1. Sumanth Gopinath (19 July 2013). [*The Ringtone Dialectic: Economy and Cultural Form*](https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZkyAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA246). MIT Press. pp. 246–. ISBN 978-0-262-01915-6.

1. Derrick P. Aldridge & James B. Stewart (Summer 2005). "Introduction: Hip Hop in History: Past, Present, and Future". *[The Journal of African American History](/source/The_Journal_of_African_American_History)*. **90** (3): 190–195. [doi:10.1086/jaahv90n3p190](https://doi.org/10.1086/jaahv90n3p190). [S2CID 140377377](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:140377377)

1. Century, Douglas (2001-05-06). ["Noticed; Seen the Opera? Experience the Hip-Hop"](https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/06/style/noticed-seen-the-opera-experience-the-hip-hop.html). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. [ISSN 0362-4331](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved 2019-01-26.

1. DeBianchi, Antonia (October 12, 2023). ["Christina Aguilera and Latto Collaborate on Food Music Video Ad That Mixes Rap and Opera"](https://people.com/christina-aguilera-and-latto-collaborate-on-food-music-video-ad-just-eat-8353061). *[People](/source/People_(magazine))*. Retrieved October 5, 2024.

1. ["The Rap Opera Project Helps Young People Tell Difficult Stories Through a Hybrid Art"](https://www.sfcv.org/preview/opera-cultura/the-rap-opera-project-helps-young-people-tell-difficult-stories-through-a). *San Francisco Classical Voice*. Retrieved 2019-01-26.

1. ["Hip-hop meets Mozart"](http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/hip-hop-meets-mozart-351244.html). *[The Independent](/source/The_Independent)*. 2006-03-14. Retrieved 2019-01-28.

1. ["The Moon Prince: A Rap Opera"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190212130747/http://www.jamesvesce.com/the-moon-prince-a-rap-opera.html). *jamesvesce.com*. Archived from [the original](http://www.jamesvesce.com/the-moon-prince-a-rap-opera.html) on 2019-02-12. Retrieved 2019-01-26.

1. Oxman, Steven (2001-05-03). ["Carmen: A Hip Hopera"](https://variety.com/2001/tv/reviews/carmen-a-hip-hopera-1200468590/). *[Variety](/source/Variety_(magazine))*. Retrieved 2019-02-10.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Rap opera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rap_opera) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rap_opera?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.