# Ranefer

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{{Short description|Egyptian prince}}
{{Distinguish|Ranefer (High Priest of Ptah)|Neferirkare Kakai|Neferefre}}
{{Infobox hieroglyphs
|title = Ranefer 
|name = <hiero>D21:D36-nfr</hiero>
|name transcription = ''Rˀ-nfr''<br/>Ra-nefer
|name explanation = ''[Ra](/source/Ra) is beautiful''
}}
thumb|220x124px | right | alt= A diagram indicating Ranefer's position in his family tree | Ranefer in a family tree
'''Ranefer''' (or '''Ranofer''') was a [prince](/source/prince) of [ancient Egypt](/source/ancient_Egypt) during the [4th Dynasty](/source/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt) ([Old Kingdom of Egypt](/source/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt)).<ref>Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton, ''The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt: A Genealogical Sourcebook of the Pharaohs'', 2004, Thames & Hudson</ref>

His name, Ranefer, comes from the Egyptian god [Ra](/source/Ra) and the Ancient Egyptian word nefer (''nfr''), meaning "beauty."

Ranefer, who had the title ''King’s Son'',<ref>[http://euler.slu.edu/~bart/egyptianhtml/kings%20and%20Queens/Seneferu.html Bart, Anneke, ''Seneferu'']</ref> was a son of [Pharaoh](/source/Pharaoh) [Sneferu](/source/Sneferu), who was the first ruler of the Fourth Dynasty.<ref>{{cite web|title=Children and grandchildren of Sneferu|last=Hill|first=Jenny|url=http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/sneferu-family.html}}</ref> Ranefer's mother was Sneferu's wife or concubine; her name is unknown. Ranefer's elder brothers were [Nefermaat I](/source/Nefermaat_I) and [Rahotep](/source/Prince_Rahotep).<ref>{{cite web|last=The California Institute for Ancient Studies|title=The Kings of the 4th Dynasty|url=http://www.specialtyinterests.net/dyn4.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030712093610/http://www.specialtyinterests.net/dyn4.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=July 12, 2003}}</ref><ref>[http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Egyptology/Old_Kingdom_monuments_organized_by_ruler Old Kingdom Monuments Organized by Ruler], [Wikiversity](/source/Wikiversity)</ref><ref>[http://www.ancient-egypt.org/kings/04/0401_snofru/history.html Snofru, Ranefer's father] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425031548/http://www.ancient-egypt.org/kings/04/0401_snofru/history.html |date=2010-04-25 }}</ref>

Ranefer worked as an overseer for his father<ref>Justine Victoria Way, ''From Privilege to Poverty: The Life-cycle of Pyramid Settlements During the Old Kingdom''</ref> (title: “Overseer of Djed-Sneferu”) and was buried inside a [mastaba](/source/mastaba) tomb at [Meidum](/source/Meidum).<ref>{{cite web|first=Cynthia|last=Marsh|title=Egyptian Pharaoh Sneferu and His Overachieving Children|date=6 April 2013 |url=http://atensequence.blogspot.com/2013/04/egyptian-pharaoh-sneferu-and-his.html}}</ref> In the tomb were found remains of viscera wrapped in linen.<ref>{{cite web|title=Death and the afterlife in ancient Egypt|work=Preservation of the viscera}}</ref> Ranefer's body is the best representation of what [mummification](/source/mummification) techniques entailed during the Old Kingdom.<ref>[Ikram](/source/Salima_Ikram) & Dodson 1998:110-111</ref> His body was facing east, was molded as well as painted. The mummy's hair was painted black, the eyebrows and eyes were painted green<ref>{{cite web|last=Petrie|first=William Matthew Flinders|title=Medum|year=1892 |url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924028670465/cu31924028670465_djvu.txt}}</ref> whilst the mouth was painted red. The genitals were also carefully molded, the brain remained in the [skull](/source/Human_skull) and its innards were found in a [canopic chest](/source/canopic_chest) in the tomb.<ref>{{cite book|last=McArthur|first=Riana|title=The Evolution of the Technique of Human Mummification (ca.5000 BCE – ca.395 CE)|date=31 August 2011|pages=17|url=https://www.academia.edu/5656034}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

Category:Princes of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ranefer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranefer) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranefer?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.