# Ramification problem

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In [philosophy](/source/philosophy) and [artificial intelligence](/source/artificial_intelligence) (especially, knowledge based systems), the '''ramification problem''' is concerned with the indirect consequences of an action. It might also be posed as ''how to represent what happens implicitly due to an action'' or how to control the secondary and tertiary effects of an action. It is strongly connected to, and is opposite the [qualification side](/source/qualification_problem) of, the [frame problem](/source/frame_problem).

Limit theory helps in [operational](/source/operational) usage. For instance, in [KBE](/source/Knowledge-based_engineering) derivation of a populated design (geometrical objects, etc., similar concerns apply in shape theory), equivalence assumptions allow convergence where potentially large, and perhaps even computationally indeterminate, solution sets are handled deftly. Yet, in a chain of computation, downstream events may very well find some types of results from earlier resolutions of '''ramification''' as problematic for their own algorithms.

==See also==
*[Non-monotonic logic](/source/Non-monotonic_logic)
*[Ramification (mathematics)](/source/Ramification_(mathematics))

==External links==
*Nikos Papadakis [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2899788_Actions_with_Duration_and_Constraints_The_Ramification_Problem_in_Temporal_Databases "Actions with Duration and Constraints: the Ramification Problem in Temporal Databases"] IEEE ICTAI'02
*Deepak Kumar "[https://cs.brynmawr.edu/~dkumar/UGAI/planning.html Planning]" Bryn Mawr College

Category:Logic programming
Category:Knowledge representation
Category:Concepts in epistemology

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ramification problem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramification_problem) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramification_problem?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.