# Rama III

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King of Siam from 1824 to 1851

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Nangklao นั่งเกล้า King of Ayutthaya[a] King Rama III Portrait at the Grand Palace, Bangkok King of Rattanakosin[1] Reign 21 July 1824 – 2 April 1851 Coronation 1 August 1824 Predecessor Phutthaloetla Naphalai (Rama II) Successor Mongkut (Rama IV) Regent Sakdiphonlasep (1824–1832) Born Thap (Chetsadabodin) (1788-03-31)31 March 1788 Thonburi, Siam Died 2 April 1851(1851-04-02) (aged 63) Bangkok, Siam Spouses Various consorts Issue 51 sons and daughters Dynasty Chakri Father Phutthaloetla Naphalai (Rama II) Mother Sri Sulalai Religion Theravada Buddhism Seal

**Nangklao**[b] (born **Thap**[c]; 31 March 1788 – 2 April 1851), also known by his posthumous [regnal name](/source/Regnal_name) **Rama III**, was [King of Rattanakosin](/source/Monarchy_of_Thailand) from 1824 to his death in 1851. During his reign, he initiated the country's first cautious engagements with the West. [Siam's](/source/Rattanakosin_Kingdom) territory also reached its greatest extent during this period.[2]

Nangklao was the eldest surviving son of King [Rama II](/source/Rama_II). His mother [Sri Sulalai](/source/Sri_Sulalai) was one of Rama II's secondary wives. Nangklao was likely designated as heir by his father. His accession was uncontested and smoothly confirmed by the grand council. Foreign observers, however, falsely perceived him as having usurped the prior claim of his younger half-brother Prince [Mongkut](/source/Mongkut), who was born to Queen [Sri Suriyendra](/source/Sri_Suriyendra) and thus "[legitimate](/source/Legitimacy_(family_law))" according to Western customs.[3] Under the old concept of Thai monarchy, however, a proper king must emulate [Maha Sammata](/source/Maha_Sammata) in that he must be "elected by the people."[4] Ironically, Mongkut may have later contributed to this misconception, when he feared that his own accession might be perceived by foreign observers as a usurpation.[5]

During Nangklao's reign, the crown strengthened the tax-farming system, which became a major and more reliable source of revenue for the kingdom. The [Burney Treaty](/source/Burney_Treaty) (1826) further liberalized foreign trade and reduced the royal warehouse monopoly, generating substantial income for the state. For his contributions to trade and economic development, he is regarded as "the father of Thai commerce". In military affairs, Siam consolidated its regional dominance by suppressing the [Laotian Rebellion](/source/Laotian_Rebellion) (1826–1828, in what is now the [Isan](/source/Isan) region) and by prevailing in the [Siamese–Vietnamese War (1831–34)](/source/Siamese%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War_(1831%E2%80%9334)) and the subsequent [campaign in Cambodia (1841–1845)](/source/Siamese%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War_(1841%E2%80%9345)).

## Early life

Nangklao was born as Prince Thap in 1788 to Prince Itsarasunthon and one of his royal wives, Chao Chom Manda [Riam](/source/Sri_Sulalai), who came from a Muslim noble family from the south. Riam also birthed two siblings for Prince Thap who both died in the same year, Pom (1790–93) and Noo Dam (1792–93). Following Itsarasunthon's coronation (posthumously known as [Phutthaloetla Naphalai](/source/Phutthaloetla_Naphalai), or Rama II) in 1809, Prince Kshatriyanuchit (Mom Men), a surviving son of Taksin, revolted as [pretender](/source/Pretender) to the throne. Prince Thap was assigned to suppress the rebellion, which he did. Praised by his father for his competence, Prince Thap was given the [Sanskrit](/source/Sanskrit)-derived title *Chetsadabodin*, raised to the bureaucratic rank of [Kromma Muen](/source/Thai_royal_ranks_and_titles#Krom), and served his father as *[Kromma Tha](/source/Kromma_Tha)* (minister of trade and foreign affairs). He received the sobriquet "Chao Sua"[d], bestowed by his father in recognition of his commercial acumen. As Kromma Tha, he developed proficiency in foreign trade, and developed an affection for Chinese goods and culture. Temples he later had constructed were characterized by Chinese influence. After a private audience in 1822, Crawfurd wrote of the Prince Krom-chiat that, "he seemed certainly to maintain the character assigned to him in public estimation, of being the most intelligent of all the princes and chiefs of the Siamese Court." The Portuguese Consul stated that the Prince had offered him a large sum of money, if he would translate from the French into the Portuguese language a history of the wars of [Napoleon](/source/Napoleon), for the purpose of being rendered into Siamese through the Christian interpreters.[6]

## Succession

Rattanakosin during Rama III's reign

As the prince administered trade affairs, his half-brother Prince Mongkut pursued the way of religion, becoming a [monk](/source/Bhikkhu) in 1824. In that year, Phutthaloetla Naphalai died suddenly without having named a successor to [viceroy](/source/Front_Palace) [Maha Senanurak](/source/Maha_Senanurak), who had died 16 July 1817. According to the traditions of royal succession, the viceroy or [uparaja](/source/Uparaja) was [heir presumptive](/source/Heir_presumptive). If there were none, then an *[ad hoc](/source/Ad_hoc)* *[senabodi](/source/Senabodi)* consisting of senior officials present at the death of a king, would elect a successor.[7] Foreign observers accustomed to the concept of an [heir apparent](/source/Heir_apparent) expected Prince Mongkut, as a son of the queen, to ascend to the throne. However, the assembled Senabodi considered Prince Chetsadabodin a more competent choice as he had served the king in *[Kromma Tha](/source/Kromma_Tha)* for years. Support came strongly from high-ranking nobility, including *[Chao Phraya](/source/Chao_Phraya_(title))* Abhay Pudhorn, the *[Samuha Nayok](/source/Samuha_Nayok)*, and [Dis Bunnag](/source/Dis_Bunnag) then Minister of *Kromma Tha*, and other [Bunnag family](/source/Bunnag_family) members.

Chetsadabodin accepted the throne and was [crowned](/source/Coronation_of_the_Thai_monarch) in 1824. He raised his mother Riam to Princess Mother Sri Sulalai. He appointed his uncle, [Sakdiphonlasep](/source/Sakdiphonlasep), viceroy on 21 July 1824 – who predeceased the king 1 May 1832, leading to yet another succession crisis. He did not [name his reign](#Naming_of_the_reigns), but was posthumously awarded the name **Nangklao** by Mongkut, who had in the interim remained in ecclesiastic status to avoid the intrigues of royal politics.[8]: 300

## Western contacts

During the First Anglo-Burmese War, Nangklao initially assisted the British during the war

The reign of Nangklao (as he was posthumously known) saw the renewal of Western contacts. In 1822, British [East India Company](/source/East_India_Company) agent [John Crawfurd's mission to Siam](/source/John_Crawfurd#Mission_to_Siam,_Cochin_China)[6] laid the groundwork for a British request for Siamese support in the [First Anglo-Burmese War](/source/First_Anglo-Burmese_War), which broke out in 1824. Nangklao provided fleets and elephants and sent Siamese armies to participate in the invasion of Burma since the British promised Siam the conquered lands. [Phraya](/source/Phraya) Chumporn ordered the [forced migration](/source/Forced_migration) of [Mergui](/source/Mergui) (a common practice in Southeast Asia regarding the newly-conquered lands),[9] which had been conquered by the British. The British were frustrated at Phraya Chumporn's actions, and hostilities were heightened. Nangklao ordered the Siamese armies to leave to avoid further conflict.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

In 1825, [Henry Burney](/source/Henry_Burney) arrived to negotiate peace agreements. The [Burney Treaty](/source/Burney_Treaty) was the first treaty with the West during the [Rattanakosin period](/source/Rattanakosin_period). Its purpose was to establish [free trade](/source/Free_trade) in Siam and to greatly reduce taxation on foreign trading ships. Whether it accomplished these objectives is disputed.[10]

In 1833, [US President](/source/President_of_the_United_States) [Andrew Jackson](/source/Andrew_Jackson)'s "special agent" and [envoy](/source/Envoy_(title)) [Edmund Roberts](/source/Edmund_Roberts_(diplomat)), referring often to Crawfurd's account,[8]: pp198ff concluded the [Siamese–American Treaty of Amity and Commerce](/source/Siamese%E2%80%93American_Treaty_of_Amity_and_Commerce), signed at the Royal City of Sia-Yut'hia (Bangkok) on 20 March, the last of the fourth month of the year 1194 CS ([Chula Sakarat](/source/Chula_Sakarat)). This treaty, with later modifications, is still in force.[11][12] [Dan Beach Bradley](/source/Dan_Beach_Bradley), an American physician and prominent Western personality of the time, introduced printing and [vaccination](/source/Vaccination).

## Anouvong insurgency

Main article: [Lao rebellion (1826–1828)](/source/Lao_rebellion_(1826%E2%80%931828))

Monarchs of the Chakri dynasty Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I) Phutthaloetla Naphalai (Rama II) Nangklao (Rama III) Mongkut (Rama IV) Chulalongkorn (Rama V) Vajiravudh (Rama VI) Prajadhipok (Rama VII) Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) v t e

The three Laotian kingdoms ([Lan Xang](/source/Lan_Xang) in [Vientiane](/source/Vientiane), [Luang Prabang](/source/Luang_Prabang), and [Champasak](/source/Kingdom_of_Champasak)) became Siamese [tributary states](/source/Tributary_state) after [Chao Phraya Maha Kshatriyaseuk](/source/Buddha_Yodfa_Chulaloke) (King Rama I, Nangklao's grandfather) had conquered them in 1778. [Anouvong](/source/Anouvong), the son of the king of Vientiene, was taken to Bangkok as a captive. He spent nearly thirty years in Siam and joined the Siamese forces in wars with Burma. In 1805, Anouvong returned to Vientiane to be crowned as the king.

In 1824, Phutthaloetla Naphalai died and, in the following year, Siam was dragged into conflicts with the [British Empire](/source/British_Empire).[13] Anouvong saw this as an opportunity to wield his power. In 1825, returning from the funeral of Phutthaloetla Naphalai in Bangkok, Anouvong assembled a large force and went on the offensive. After defeating Bangkok-vassal principalities along the way, Anouvong captured [Korat](/source/Nakhon_Ratchasima), the main defensive stronghold of Siam in the northeast. He forced the city to be evacuated while marching to [Saraburi](/source/Saraburi), on approach to the capital, Bangkok. However, the Korat captives rebelled—said to have been at the instigation of [Lady Mo](/source/Thao_Suranari), wife of a ruling noble of Korat—although this claim is countered by many historians who say Mo had no heroic role in the events at Tung Samrit, though a contemporary account did mention her action. As Bangkok gathered counterattacking troops, Anouvong withdrew to return to Vientiane.

Nangklao sent his uncle [Maha Sakdi Polsep](/source/Maha_Sakdi_Polsep) the [Front Palace](/source/Front_Palace) and [Sing Singhaseni](/source/Sing_Singhaseni) (at the time [styled](/source/Style_(manner_of_address)) [Phraya](/source/Phraya) Ratchasuphawadi) to defeat the armies of Anouvong in [Isan](/source/Isan). Anouvong was defeated and fled to Vietnam. The Siamese captured Vientiane and ordered the evacuation of the city.

In 1827, Nangklao ordered the [total destruction](/source/Debellatio) of Vientiane. Anouvong returned to Laos with Vietnamese forces. Ratchasuphawadi led the Siamese to fight and the engagements occurred at [Nong Khai](/source/Nong_Khai). Anouvong was defeated again and, after an attempt to flee, was captured. Vientiane was razed, extinguishing her 200 year reign, and ceased to be a kingdom. Anouvong was imprisoned in an iron cage in front of the [Suthaisawan Hall](/source/Grand_Palace#Phra_Thinang_Suthaisawan_Prasat) and died in 1829.[14]

## Vietnam and Cambodia

Main articles: [Siamese–Vietnamese War (1831–1834)](/source/Siamese%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War_(1831%E2%80%931834)) and [Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–1845)](/source/Siamese%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War_(1841%E2%80%931845))

In 1810, internal conflicts between Cambodian princes forced Ang Im and [Ang Duong](/source/Ang_Duong) to flee to Bangkok. Otteyraja of Cambodia turned to [Gia Long](/source/Gia_Long) of Vietnam for support against the opposing princes. However, this was perceived by Siam as treacherous as the two countries had fought for centuries for control of Cambodia.

In 1833, the [Lê Văn Khôi revolt](/source/L%C3%AA_V%C4%83n_Kh%C3%B4i_revolt) against [Minh Mạng](/source/Minh_M%E1%BA%A1ng) broke out in Vietnam. [Lê Văn Khôi](/source/L%C3%AA_V%C4%83n_Kh%C3%B4i), the rebel leader, sought Siamese aid. Nangklao intended to take this opportunity to install a pro-Siamese monarch on the Cambodian throne.

Phraya Ratchasuphawadi, who had been promoted to *Chao Phraya* Bodindecha, was ordered to capture [Saigon](/source/Saigon). Dis Bunnag, the Minister of *Kromma Tha*, commanded a fleet to rendezvous with ground forces at Saigon. The two Cambodian princes, Ang Im and Ang Duong, also joined the expedition. Bodindecha took [Udongk](/source/Oudong) and the fleet took [Bantey Mas](/source/Banteay_Meas_District). The fleet proceeded to Saigon but was repelled.

Bodindecha then took [Phnom Penh](/source/Phnom_Penh) and again invaded Vietnam by land in 1842. In 1845, the Vietnamese recaptured Phnom Penh, but Bodindecha was able to defend Udongk. In 1847, prompted by Emperor [Thiệu Trị](/source/Thi%E1%BB%87u_Tr%E1%BB%8B)'s treatment of Christian missionaries, French forces invaded Vietnam. A cessation of hostilities with Siam was negotiated. Ang Duong was installed as the Cambodian monarch under the equal patronage of both Siam and Vietnam, thus ending the war.

## Revolt of Kedah

In 1837, Krom Somdet Phra Sri Suralai, mother of Nangklao, died. All officials throughout the kingdom went to Bangkok to attend the funeral. At Syburi ([Kedah](/source/Kedah) of [Malaysia](/source/Malaysia) now), without the presence of Siamese governors, a nephew of the [Sultan of Kedah](/source/Sultan_Ahmad_Tajuddin_Halim_Shah_II) then staged a revolt. Nangklao then sent [Tat Bunnag](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pichaiyat&action=edit&redlink=1) down south to subjugate the rebellion quickly in 1838. Tat then suggested an autonomous government for Kedah Sultanate. In 1839, Kedah was divided into four autonomous parts.

## Religious devotion and educational reforms

Nangklao was famous for his [Buddhist faith](/source/Theravada_Buddhism). He fed the poor each day after becoming prince, and released animals every monastery day. More than 50 [temples](/source/Wat) were built and repaired in his reign, including the first Chinese style temple at [Rajorasa](/source/Dhammakaya_Movement#Wat_Rajorasaram), the highest stupa at [Wat Arun](/source/Wat_Arun), the Golden Mountain at Wat Saket, the metal temple at [Wat Ratchanadda](/source/Wat_Ratchanadda), and Chetupol Temple or [Wat Pho](/source/Wat_Pho). Wat Pho is the site of the first [university](/source/University) in Thailand. Under his reign, King Rama III was also responsible for the writing of the Chindamanee textbook and also the revision of the Buddhist Canon, the *[Tipitaka](/source/Pali_canon)* which was to be distributed throughout the kingdom. In addition to that Rama III also allowed monks to use castles as classrooms for the teaching of Buddhist faith.

## Death

Nangklao died on 2 April 1851 without having named a successor. He had 51 children including sons,[15] but had raised none of his consorts to the queen. The throne passed to his younger paternal half-brother, Prince [Mongkut](/source/Mongkut).

## Legacy

Statue of King Rama III at Wat Ratchanatdaram, Bangkok

[Wat Yannawa](/source/Wat_Yannawa) was patronised by Nangklao, who ordered the temple enlarged and constructed many new structures within. The temple is shaped like a Chinese junk to commemorate the significance of Chinese commerce and influence in Siam during Nangklao's reign

Nangklao is remembered as a commercially minded monarch whose reign consolidated Siam's early-Rattanakosin economy. He has been commemorated in Thailand as the "father of Thai commerce", the "father of Thai maritime trade", and the "father of [Thai traditional medicine](/source/Thai_traditional_medicine)".[16] Administratively and fiscally, his promotion of tax-farming and robust China-linked exchange helped secure steady crown revenues in the 1820s–1840s.[17][18]

Culturally, Nangklao left a lasting built heritage in Bangkok, patronising temple construction and a distinct Sino-Thai aesthetic. Notable works include [Wat Ratchanatdaram](/source/Wat_Ratchanatdaram) and the [Loha Prasat](/source/Loha_Prasat), commissioned during his reign.[19][20] His guidance to his successor—preserved in later accounts—stressed frugality, concord with the sangha, and vigilance in foreign affairs, themes that shaped the early reign of Mongkut (Rama IV).[21]

Commemoration of his reign continues in modern Thailand; 31 March is observed annually as "King Nangklao Memorial Day".[22]

### Commemoration

- [Thai baht](/source/Thai_baht) 15th Series banknotes issued to draw attention to deeds of Chakri Dynasty monarchs in agriculture, science, religion and finance, depicted King Rama III on the reverse of the 500 baht banknote issued 3 August 2001, with a partial quotation of his deathbed statement below a [Chinese sailing ship](/source/Junk_(ship)#19th_century_junks_.28Qing_Dynasty.29).[23]

- A statue of Rama III was dedicated in the front of [Wat Ratchanatdaram](/source/Wat_Ratchanatdaram).[24]

- [Phra Nang Klao Hospital](/source/Phra_Nang_Klao_Hospital) is a hospital in [Nonthaburi Province](/source/Nonthaburi_Province) bearing his name.

- [Phra Nang Klao Bridge](/source/Phra_Nang_Klao_Bridge) is a bridge across the [Chao Phraya River](/source/Chao_Phraya_River) in Nonthaburi Province bearing his name, with the [Phra Nang Klao Bridge MRT station](/source/Phra_Nang_Klao_Bridge_MRT_Station).

- [Maha Chesadabodindranusorn Bridge](/source/Maha_Chesadabodindranusorn_Bridge) is a bridge across the Chao Phraya River in Nonthaburi Province bearing his title.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Rama III 8. Thongdi, Phra Akson Sunthonsat 4. King Phutthayotfa Chulalok, Rama I of Rattanakosin 9. Yok 2. King Phutthaloetla Naphalai, Rama II of Rattanakosin 10. Thong na Bangxang 5. Nak na Bangxang 11. Princess Rupsirisobhak Mahanagnari 1. King Nangklao, Rama III of Rattanakosin 6. Bunchan, Phraya Nanthaburi Sri Maha-uthayan 3. Princess Riam of Rattanakosin 14. Wang, Phraya Ratchawangsan 7. Pheng 15. Chu

## See also

- [Thailand portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Thailand)
- [History portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:History)
- [Biography portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Rama III](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rama_III).

- [List of people with the most children](/source/List_of_people_with_the_most_children)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Thai monarchs continued to refer to themselves as Kings of Ayutthaya long after the [city's fall](/source/Siege_of_Ayutthaya), until the reign of [Mongkut](/source/Mongkut), who adopted the title [King of Siam](/source/King_of_Siam) in official treaties.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [Thai](/source/Thai_language): นั่งเกล้า

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** also **Tub**, [Thai](/source/Thai_language): ทับ, lit. 'crush'

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** [Thai](/source/Thai_language): เจ้าสัว, literally "merchant magnate"; a Thai term of Chinese origin referring to a wealthy merchant or financier.

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["The title "King of Siam" was first used formally during the reign of King Mongkut (Rama IV)"](https://www.silpa-mag.com/club/art-and-culture/article_10496). ศิลปวัฒนธรรม. 6 July 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Rama III – king of Siam"](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rama-III). *Encyclopaedia Britannica*. Retrieved 8 November 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** J. B. Terwiel (2005). *Thailand's Political History: From the Fall of Ayutthaya in 1767 to Recent Times*. River Books. pp. 107–108.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-JSS_036_2b_7-0)** [Dhani Nivat, Kromamun Bidyalabh Bluitiyakara](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%AD_%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%92%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3&action=edit&redlink=1) (1947). ["The Old Siamese Conception of the Monarchy"](http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1941/JSS_036_2b_PrinceDhani_OldSiameseConceptionOfMonarchy.pdf) (PDF). *Journal of the Siam Society*. **36** (2b). Siamese Heritage Trust: 94. Retrieved 7 March 2013. The *[Thammasat](/source/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra)* describes its ideal of a monarch as a King of Righteousness, elected by the people (the *Maha Sammata*).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-JSS_057_1f_Bradley_8-0)** [Bradley, William Lee](/source/William_Lee_Bradley) (1969). ["The Accession of King Mongkut (Notes)"](http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1961/JSS_057_1f_Bradley_AccessionOfKingMongkut.pdf) (PDF). *Journal of the Siam Society*. **57** (1f). Siam Heritage Trust: 160. Retrieved 17 March 2013. [Vella] holds this to be 'the view of many western writers' and it dates from the reign of King Mongkut, owing largely to their mistaken belief that because he was the son of a minor wife, Prince Chesda was illegitimate. The indication is that the western writers adopted this view from Mongkut himself, as the subsequent story will show.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Crawfurd_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Crawfurd_10-1) [Crawfurd, John](/source/John_Crawfurd) (21 August 2006) [1830]. [*Journal of an Embassy from the Governor-general of India to the Courts of Siam and Cochin China*](https://books.google.com/books?id=sAUPAAAAYAAJ). Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley. [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [03452414](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/03452414). Retrieved February 2, 2012. [Alt URL](https://archive.org/details/journalanembass04crawgoog)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["Rattanakosin Period (1782–present)"](http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/thailand/history-rattanakosin.htm). *Thailand Introduction*. GlobalSecurity.org. 18 August 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013. If there was no uparaja at the time of the king's death—and this was frequently the case—the choice of a new monarch drawn from the royal family was left to the Senabodi, the council of senior officials, princes, and Buddhist prelates that assembled at the death of a king. It was such a council that chose Nang Klao's successor.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Roberts-1837_12-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Roberts-1837_12-1) Roberts, Edmund (12 October 2007) [1837]. [*Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat: in the U.S. sloop-of-war Peacock ... during the years 1832–3–4*](https://books.google.com/books?id=aSgPAAAAYAAJ). Harper & Brothers. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780608404066](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780608404066). Retrieved 25 April 2012. Here they were pointed to Mr. Crawford [*[sic](/source/Sic)*]'s account of his mission to Siam and Cochin-China, page 269....

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Van Roy, Edward (2010). ["Safe Haven: Mon Refugees at the Capitals of Siam from the 1500s to the 1800s"](https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/JSS_098_0g_VanRoy_SafeHavenMonRefugeesAtCapitalsOfSiam.pdf) (PDF). *Journal of the Siam Society*. **98**: 172–73.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Terwiel-1991_14-0)** Terwiel, B. J. (1991). ["The Bowring Treaty: Imperialism and the Indigenous Perspective"](http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1991/JSS_079_2f_Terwiel_BowringTreaty.pdf) (PDF). *Journal of the Siam Society*. **79** (2). Retrieved 3 January 2019. In this paper the evidence upon which historians have based their statements on the Treaty's economic results is examined. It will be shown that all take their cue from Bowring's own words. Secondly, it will be shown that Bowring's remarks are not necessarily a reliable indicator.

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## External links

- [Phra Bat Somdet Phra Nangklao Chao Yu Hua](http://www.thailandguidebook.com/provinces/bangkok.html)

Nangklao (Rama III) House of Chakri Born: 31 March 1788 Died: 2 April 1851 Regnal titles Preceded by Phutthaloetla Naphalai King of Rattanakosin 21 July 1824 – 2 April 1851 Succeeded by Mongkut

v t e Monarchs of Thailand Family tree Sukhothai Kingdom (1238–1438) Phra Ruang dynasty Si Inthrathit Ban Mueang Ram Khamhaeng Loe Thai Ngua Nam Thum Maha Thammaracha I (Li Thai) Maha Thammaracha II (Lue Thai) Maha Thammaracha III (Sai Lue Thai) Maha Thammaracha IV (Borommapan) Ayutthaya Kingdom (1351–1767) Uthong dynasty Ramathibodi I (Uthong) Ramesuan Ramrachathirat Suphannaphum dynasty Borommarachathirat I (Pha Ngua) Thong Lan Nakhon Intharachathirat (Nakhon In) Borommarachathirat II (Sam Phraya) Borommatrailokkanat (Ramesuan II) Borommarachathirat III (Borommaracha) Ramathibodi II (Chetthathirat) Borommarachathirat IV (Athittayawong) Ratsadathirat Chairachathirat Yotfa Worawongsathirat (Bunsi) (disputed) Maha Chakkraphat (Thianracha) Mahinthrathirat Sukhothai dynasty Sanphet I (Maha Thammarachathirat) Sanphet II (Naresuan) Sanphet III (Ekathotsarot) Sanphet IV (Si Saowaphak) Borommaracha I (Songtham) Borommaracha II (Chetthathirat) Athittayawong Prasat Thong dynasty Sanphet V (Prasat Thong) Sanphet VI (Chai) Sanphet VII (Si Suthammaracha) Ramathibodi III (Narai) Ban Phlu Luang dynasty Phetracha (Mahaburut) Sanphet VIII (Suriyenthrathibodi) Sanphet IX (Thai Sa) Maha Thammarachathirat II (Borommakot) Maha Thammarachathirat III (Uthumphon) Borommaracha III (Ekkathat) Thonburi Kingdom (1767–1782) Thonburi dynasty Borommaracha IV (Taksin) Rattanakosin/Thailand (1782–present) Chakri dynasty Rama I (Phutthayotfa Chulalok) Rama II (Phutthaloetla Naphalai) Rama III (Nangklao) Rama IV (Mongkut) Rama V (Chulalongkorn) Rama VI (Vajiravudh) Rama VII (Prajadhipok) Rama VIII (Ananda Mahidol) Rama IX (Bhumibol Aduyadej) Rama X (Vajiralongkorn) List of Thai monarchs

v t e Rattanakosin Period (1782–1932) Monarchs Individuals Key events Chakri dynasty Kings Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I) Phutthaloetla Naphalai (Rama II) Nangklao (Rama III) Mongkut (Rama IV) Chulalongkorn (Rama V) Vajiravudh (Rama VI) Prajadhipok (Rama VII) Viceroys Maha Sura Singhanat Itsarasunthon Maha Senanurak Sakdiphonlasep Pinklao Wichaichan Deputy Viceroy Anurak Devesh Crown Prince Vajirunhis Vajiravudh Hereditary Prince Chakrabongse Bhuvanath Asdang Dejavudh Royalty Vajirananavarorasa Bhanurangsi Savangwongse Devawongse Varoprakarn Damrong Rajanubhab Narisara Nuwattiwong Kashemsri Subhayok Jayanta Mongkol Chakrabongse Bhuvanath Paribatra Sukhumbandhu Kitiyakara Voralaksana Chirapravati Voradej Abhakara Kiartivongse Purachatra Jayakara Yugala Dighambara Wongsa Dhiraj Snid Rangsit Prayurasakdi Mahidol Adulyadej Supreme Council of State of Siam Siamese Thao Thep Krasattri and Thao Si Sunthon Sunthorn Phu Bodindecha Prayurawongse Sri Suriwongse Surasakmontri Khana Ratsadon Foreigners Ang Eng Nguyễn Ánh Dan Beach Bradley Jean-Baptiste Pallegoix Anna Leonowens John Bowring Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns Auguste Pavie Key events Foundation of Bangkok Tây Sơn–Siam War Nine Armies' War Tha Din Daeng campaign Tavoy expedition Burmese Invasions of Chiangmai (1797), (1802) Capture of Chiangsaen Burmese Invasion of Thalang Cambodian conflict (1812–1813) Crawfurd Mission to Siam Burney Treaty Lao rebellion (1826–1828) Kedah Insurgency (1831–1832) Siamese–Vietnamese War (1831–1834) Siamese–American Treaty of Amity and Commerce Kedah Insurgency (1838–1839) Kelantanese Civil War Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–1845) Kengtung expeditions Bowring Treaty American–Siamese Treaty of 1856 Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1856 Siamese Mission to the United Kingdom (1857) Siamese Mission to France (1861) Front Palace Crisis Haw wars 1893 Franco-Siamese crisis Paknam incident Ngiao rebellion Holy Man's Rebellion Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1904 Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1907 Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 Palace Revolt of 1912 World War I Siamese Expeditionary Forces Siamese occupation of Germany 1924 Palace Law of Succession Siamese revolution of 1932 ← Thonburi Kingdom (1767–1782) • History of Thailand (1932–1973) →

v t e Thai princes The generations are numbered from the establishment of the Chakri dynasty from 1782 Rama I Sons Chim** ()* Chui** Arunothai** Wasukri Grandsons Pavares Variyalongkorn Brothers Bunma** Nephews Thong-In*** Tan Rama II Sons Mongkut ()* Chutamani** Thap ()* Nuam Grandsons Yodyingyot** Great-grandsons Rajani Chamcharas Great-great-grandsons Bhisadej Rajani Rama III Grandsons Prisdang Rama IV Sons Chulalongkorn ()* Chaturonrasmi Bhanurangsi Savangwongse Chitcharoen Kasemsan Sophak Manusyanaga Manob Nares Varariddhi Gagananga Yukala Kashemsri Subhayok Srisiddhi Thongjaya Unakan Ananta Norajaya Devan Udayavongse Svasti Sobhana Worawannakon Tisavarakumarn Jayanta Mongkol Grandsons Birabongse Bhanudej Suphayok Kasem Devawongse Varodaya Wan Waithayakon Vodhyakara Varavarn Nandiyavat Svastivatana Vivadhanajaya Charoonsakdi Kritakara Boworadet Subhadradis Diskul Dhani Nivat Great-grandsons Sithiporn Kridakara Rama V Sons Vajiravudh ()^ ()* Tribejrutama Dhamrong Chakrabongse Bhuvanath Siriraj Kakudhabhand Asdang Dejavudh Chudadhuj Dharadilok Prajadhipok Sakdidej ()* Vajirunhis ()^ Sommatiwongse Varodaya Mahidol Adulyadej Paribatra Sukhumbandhu Yugala Dighambara Raphi Phatthanasak Pravitra Vadhanodom Benbadhanabongse Kitiyakara Voralaksana Chirapravati Voradej Vudhijaya Chalermlabha Abhakara Kiartivongse Purachatra Jayakara Rangsit Prayurasakdi Samaya Vudhirodom Khajera Chirapradidha Isariyabhorn Anusara Siriprasadh Urubongse Rajasombhoj Grandsons Chula Chakrabongse Varananda Dhavaj Ananda Mahidol ()* Bhumibol Adulyadej ()* Chumbhotbongs Paribatra Sukhumabhinanda Bhanubandhu Yugala Anusorn Mongkolkarn Nakkhatra Mangala Aditya Dibabha Prem Purachatra Great-grandsons Chalermsuk Yugala Chatrichalerm Yukol Chulcherm Yukol Rama VI No Son Rama VII No Children Rama VIII No Children Rama IX Son Vajiralongkorn ()^ ()* Rama X Sons Dipangkorn Rasmijoti Juthavachara VivacharawongseX Vacharaesorn VivacharawongseX Chakriwat VivacharawongseX Vatchrawee VivacharawongseX ()* Became king ** Appointed Viceroy *** Appointed Deputy Viceroy ()^ Appointed Crown Prince X was degraded from royalty

Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF GND FAST WorldCat National United States Netherlands Israel Other IdRef Open Library Yale LUX

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Rama III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_III) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_III?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.