# Raised field

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In [agriculture](/source/Agriculture), a **raised field** is a large, cultivated elevation, typically bounded by water-filled ditches, that is used to allow cultivators to control environmental factors such as moisture levels, frost damage, and [flooding](/source/Flooding).[1] Examples of raised field agriculture can be found among some Pre-Hispanic cultures of [Latin America](/source/Latin_America), such as those from tropical lowlands and the [Budi Lake](/source/Budi_Lake) [Mapuche](/source/Mapuche).[2]

Pre-Hispanic raised fields are known from the region near [Santa Cruz de Mompox](/source/Santa_Cruz_de_Mompox) in northern [Colombia](/source/Colombia) and in the [Llanos de Moxos](/source/Llanos_de_Moxos) region of lowland [Bolivia](/source/Bolivia). In highland [Bolivia](/source/Bolivia), where this was utilized by the [Tiwanaku](/source/Tiwanaku) culture near [Lake Titicaca](/source/Lake_Titicaca), this technique is known as *[Waru Waru](/source/Waru_Waru)* or *camellones*. Ancient raised-field agriculture has also been documented in [Central America](/source/Central_America) at [Pulltrouser Swamp](/source/Pulltrouser_Swamp) in [Belize](/source/Belize), where it was practiced by the [Maya civilization](/source/Maya_civilization). [Toltec](/source/Toltec) and [Aztec](/source/Aztec) people also practiced raised-field agriculture on the shore of [Lake Texcoco](/source/Lake_Texcoco), where these fields were known as *[chinampas](/source/Chinampa)*.

## References

1. ["What is Raised Field Agriculture?"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120427172737/http://archaeology.about.com/cs/agriculture/a/erickson1_3.htm). Archived from [the original](http://archaeology.about.com/cs/agriculture/a/erickson1_3.htm) on 2012-04-27. Retrieved 2012-07-14.

1. [Dillehay, Tom D.](/source/Tom_Dillehay); [Pino Quivira, Mario](/source/Mario_Pino_Quivira); Bonzani, Renée; Silva, Claudia; Wallner, Johannes; Le Quesne, Carlos (2007) [Cultivated wetlands and emerging complexity in south-central Chile and long distance effects of climate change](http://www.dendrocronologia.cl/pubs/2007_Dillehay(AncientCultivatedWetlands).pdf). *[Antiquity](/source/Antiquity_(journal))* 81 (2007): 949–960

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