# RNF227 > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/RNF227 > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/RNF227.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNF227 > Source revision: 1303901531 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Protein}} '''RING Finger Protein 227''', also known as '''RNF227''' and '''LINC02581''', is a [protein](/source/protein) which in [human](/source/human)s is encoded by the ''RNF227'' [gene](/source/gene).{{Cite web|title=RNF227 ring finger protein 227 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/284023|access-date=2020-12-17|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}} According to [DNA microarray data](/source/DNA_microarray), it is found in at least 15 [tissues](/source/Tissue_(biology)). {{citation needed|date=December 2020}} == Gene == In humans, the RNF227 gene is found on [chromosome 17](/source/chromosome_17) p13.1. Its [mRNA](/source/Messenger_RNA) sequence is 2850 [base pair](/source/base_pair)s in length and includes 2 [exon](/source/exon)s. The [coding sequence](/source/Coding_region) is from base pairs 95 to 2835.{{Cite journal |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001358699.2 |title=Homo sapiens ring finger protein 227 (RNF227), transcript variant 1, mRNA - Nucleotide - NCBI |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|date=9 June 2022 }} == Protein == The RNF227 [protein](/source/protein) is 190 [amino acid](/source/amino_acid)s in length, seen in the table below.{{Cite web|title=RING finger protein 227 [Homo sapiens] - Protein - NCBI|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_001345628.1|access-date=2020-12-17|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}} [[File:I-TASSER Secondary Structure.png|thumb|Predicted [secondary structure](/source/Protein_secondary_structure).{{Cite web|title=I-TASSER results|url=https://zhanglab.ccmb.med.umich.edu/I-TASSER/output/S583327/|access-date=2020-12-17|website=zhanglab.ccmb.med.umich.edu}}]] [[File:Itasser 3.gif|thumb|Predicted [tertiary structure](/source/Protein_tertiary_structure).]] {| class="wikitable" | 1 | MQLLVRVPSL PERGELDCNI CYRPFNLGCR APRRLPGTAR ARCGHTICTA CLRELAARGD |- | 61 | GGGAAARVVR LRRVVTCPFC RAPSQLPRGG LTEMALDSDL WSRLEEKARA KCERDEAGNP |- | 121 | AKESSDADGE AEEEGESEKG AGPRSAGWRA LRRLWDRVLG PARRWRRPLP SNVLYCAEIK |- | 181 | DIGHLTRCTL |} === Predicted properties === Using tools at [Expasy](/source/Expasy), the predicted [molecular weight](/source/Molecular_mass) of the protein sequence is 20,875 [kilodaltons](/source/Dalton_(unit)) with an [isoelectric point](/source/isoelectric_point) of 9.23.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Compute pI/MW|url=https://web.expasy.org/cgi-bin/compute_pi/pi_tool|access-date=|website=Expasy}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} The Statistical Analysis of Protein Sequences tool detected two repetitive structures: CRAPRRLP from positions 29 to 36 and CRAPSQLP from positions 80 to 87.{{Cite web|title=SAPS Results|url=https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/services/web/toolresult.ebi?jobId=saps-I20201219-200406-0679-86942162-p1m|access-date=2020-12-19|website=www.ebi.ac.uk}} === Zinc finger domain === RING Finger Protein 227 has a [zinc finger domain](/source/Zinc_finger) from position 18 to 81, which is highly conserved throughout many [eukaryotic](/source/Eukaryote) organisms.{{Cite web|title=RNF227 - RING finger protein 227 - Homo sapiens (Human) - RNF227 gene & protein|url=https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A6NIN4|access-date=2020-12-17|website=www.uniprot.org}} === Secondary structure === The [secondary structure](/source/Protein_secondary_structure) was predicted by the [I-TASSER server](/source/I-TASSER) and shows 7 [alpha helices](/source/Alpha_helix), 4 [beta strands](/source/Beta_sheet), and 12 [coils](/source/Protein_secondary_structure). === Tertiary structure === The [tertiary structure](/source/Protein_tertiary_structure) was predicted by the I-TASSER with a confidence score of -3.42, which is typically in the range from -5 to 2. == Gene level regulation == [RNA-seq](/source/RNA-Seq) was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all [protein-coding genes](/source/Human_genome). The highest [expression](/source/Gene_expression) can be seen in the [skin](/source/skin), with an expression value of 22 ± 4.5 Reads per [Kilobase](/source/Base_pair) of [transcript](/source/Transcription_(biology)), per Million mapped reads (RPKM). Transcription profiling was done by [high throughput sequencing](/source/DNA_sequencing) of individual and mixtures of 16 human tissues [RNA](/source/RNA) to show the highest expression in the [testes](/source/Testicle). Additionally, the lowest expression is seen in the liver. RNA sequencing was conducted of the total RNA from 20 human tissues which showed high expression in the brain, both in the cerebellum and [fetal](/source/Fetus) tissues. 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 – 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10- and 20-weeks [gestation](/source/gestation)al time were sequence using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA. This shows very high expression in the [intestine](/source/Gastrointestinal_tract) after 11 weeks and the [kidney](/source/kidney) after 10 weeks. Three [experiment](/source/experiment)s were found that show what conditions RNF227 rises and falls. A study conducted on [T cell](/source/T_cell)-driven IL-22 amplification of Il-1beta-driven [inflammation](/source/inflammation) in human [adipose tissue](/source/adipose_tissue) shows how there is higher expression of RNF227 in [obese](/source/Obesity) non-[diabetic](/source/Diabetes) patients.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/tools/profileGraph.cgi?ID=GDS5167:ILMN_1739325|title=Type 2 diabetic obese patients: visceral adipose tissue CD14+ cells|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2020-12-19}} An analysis of non-invasive [NeuN cells](/source/NeuN) and invasive NeuT cells treated with [interstitial fluid](/source/Extracellular_fluid) flow resulted in higher expression of RNF227 in the NeuN cell line in both the static and flow protocols. This gives insight into the [molecular pathways](/source/Metabolic_pathway) activated by interstitial fluid flow in ERBB2-positive [breast cancer](/source/breast_cancer) cells.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/tools/profileGraph.cgi?ID=GDS5800:ILMN_1739325|title=Interstitial fluid flow effect on noninvasive and invasive ERBB2-positive breast cancer cells|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2020-12-19}} The last experiment showed how the effect of [Rho kinase inhibition](/source/Rho_kinase_inhibitor) on long-term [keratinocyte](/source/keratinocyte) proliferation is rapid and conditional and resulted in higher expression in the control agent as compared to the [Y-27632](/source/Y-27632) agent.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/tools/profileGraph.cgi?ID=GDS5431:ILMN_1739325|title=Rho kinase inhibition effect on epidermal keratinocyte in vitro|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2020-12-19}} == Transcript level regulation == [[File:Stem loop.png|thumb|[Stem-Loop](/source/Stem-loop) Diagram of [5' UTR](/source/Five_prime_untranslated_region) of RNF227. ]] [[File:RNF227 Conceptual Translation.png|thumb|Conceptual [translation](/source/Translation_(biology)) of RNF227. ]] The diagram to the right depicts the [stem-loop](/source/stem-loop) formation of the [5' untranslated region](/source/Five_prime_untranslated_region) of RNF227.{{Cite web|title=RNAfold web server|url=http://rna.tbi.univie.ac.at//cgi-bin/RNAWebSuite/RNAfold.cgi?PAGE=3&ID=WSCplEQQao%5D|access-date=2020-12-19|website=rna.tbi.univie.ac.at}} The BED4.02, ZFX.01, and ZIC3.03 [transcription factor](/source/transcription_factor)s are seen with RNF227, which is notable because they are all associated with zinc finger domains.{{Cite web|title=Genomatix: Retrieve and analyze promoters: Query Input|url=https://www.genomatix.de/cgi-bin/c2p/c2p.pl?s=686e67c37f2213fa866d8f0dfcac089f;C2P_SELECTION=1|access-date=2020-12-19|website=www.genomatix.de}} [Translation](/source/Translation_(biology)) is initiated at the AUG [start codon](/source/start_codon), as seen in the conceptual translation. == Protein level regulation == The Motif Scan tool at MyHits predicted [casein kinase II](/source/Casein_kinase_2) [phosphorylation](/source/phosphorylation) sites (from positions 9 to 12, 102 to 105, and 125 to 128), N-[myristylation](/source/Myristoylation) sites (from positions 37 to 42 and 61 to 66), and [protein kinase c](/source/Protein_kinase_C) phosphorylation sites (from positions 38 to 40 and 137 to 139).{{Cite web|title=Motif Scan|url=https://myhits.sib.swiss/cgi-bin/motif_scan#GRAPHIC|access-date=2020-12-19|website=myhits.sib.swiss|language=en|archive-date=2021-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212349/https://myhits.sib.swiss/cgi-bin/motif_scan#GRAPHIC|url-status=dead}} Additionally, [PSORT II](/source/PSORT) predicted a 69.6% chance for the protein sequence to be found in the [nucleus](/source/Cell_nucleus) of a cell.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PSORT II Prediction|url=https://psort.hgc.jp/cgi-bin/runpsort.pl|access-date=|website=}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Homology == [[File:Mammal MSA.png|thumb|[Multiple sequence alignment](/source/Multiple_sequence_alignment) of [mammal](/source/mammal)ian [orthologs](/source/Sequence_homology).{{Cite web|title=Clustal Omega < Multiple Sequence Alignment < EMBL-EBI|url=https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalo/|access-date=2020-12-19|website=www.ebi.ac.uk}}]] [[File:Amphibia MSA.png|thumb|[Multiple sequence alignment](/source/Multiple_sequence_alignment) of [amphibian](/source/amphibian) [orthologs](/source/Sequence_homology).]] [[File:Fish MSA.png|thumb|[Multiple sequence alignment](/source/Multiple_sequence_alignment) of [fish](/source/fish) [orthologs](/source/Sequence_homology).]] RING Finger Protein 227 has no [paralogs](/source/Sequence_homology). It does, however, have numerous [orthologs](/source/Sequence_homology) extending throughout eukaryotes. The following table presents a selection of orthologs found using searches in [BLAST](/source/BLAST_(biotechnology)){{Cite web|title=BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool|url=https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi|access-date=2020-12-19|website=blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}} and [BLAT](/source/BLAT_(bioinformatics)).{{Cite web|title=Human BLAT Search|url=https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgBlat|access-date=2020-12-19|website=genome.ucsc.edu}} This is not meant to be a comprehensive list, rather a small sample that shows the diversity of [species](/source/species) in which orthologs are found. {| class="wikitable" !'''Genus and Species''' !'''[Common Name](/source/Common_name)''' !'''[Taxonomic Group](/source/Taxonomy_(biology))''' !Date of Divergence (Million Years Ago) !'''[Accession Number](/source/Accession_number_(bioinformatics))''' !'''Sequence Length ([amino acid](/source/amino_acid)s)''' ![Sequence Identity](/source/Sequence_alignment) ![Sequence Similarity](/source/Sequence_alignment) |- |''[Homo sapiens](/source/Human)'' |Human |[Primate](/source/Primate)s |0 |NP_001345628.1 |190 |100% |100% |- |''[Neotoma lepida](/source/Desert_woodrat)'' |Desert Woodrat |[Rodent](/source/Rodent)ia |90 |OBS67541.1 |164 |67.9% |73.7% |- |''[Microtus ochrogaster](/source/Prairie_vole)'' |Prairie vole |[Rodent](/source/Rodent)ia |90 |XP_026636787.1 |214 |67.4% |74.4% |- |''[Dipodomys ordii](/source/Ord's_kangaroo_rat)'' |Ord's Kangaroo Rat |[Rodent](/source/Rodent)ia |90 |XP_012868576.1 |158 |64.8% |68.9% |- |''[Balaenoptera acutorostrata scammoni](/source/Minke_whale)'' |Minke Whale |[Artiodactyla](/source/Even-toed_ungulate) |90 |XP_028024073.1 |166 |65.3% |71.1% |- |''[Vulpes vulpes](/source/Red_fox)'' |Red Fox |[Carnivora](/source/Carnivora) |96 |XP_025861213.1 |160 |62.8% |72.3% |- |''[Vicugna pacos](/source/Alpaca)'' |Alpaca |[Artiodactyla](/source/Even-toed_ungulate) |96 |XP_006218277.1 |156 |24.8% |30.4% |- |''[Vombatus ursinus](/source/Common_wombat)'' |Common Wombat |[Diprotondontia](/source/Diprotodontia) |159 |XP_027712916.1 |180 |62.0% |74.5% |- |''[Sarcophilus harrisii](/source/Tasmanian_devil)'' |Tasmanian Devil |[Dasyuromorphia](/source/Dasyuromorphia) |159 |XP_023358488.2 |172 |58.8% |66.2% |- |''[Gallus gallus](/source/Chicken)'' |Chicken |[Galliformes](/source/Galliformes) |312 |XP_001234238.1 |168 |25.9% |36.1% |- |''[Geotrypetes seraphini](/source/Geotrypetes_seraphini)'' |Gaboon Caecilian |[Gymnophiona](/source/Gymnophiona) |351.8 |XP_033780950.1 |150 |37.2% |46.9% |- |''[Rhinatrema bivittatum](/source/Rhinatrema_bivittatum)'' |Two-lined Caecilian |[Gymnophiona](/source/Gymnophiona) |351.8 |XP_029437562.1 |152 |35.7% |48.0% |- |''[Microcaecilia unicolor](/source/Microcaecilia_unicolor)'' |Cayenne Caecilian |[Gymnophiona](/source/Gymnophiona) |351.8 |XP_030043188.1 |148 |34.4% |46.9% |- |''[Xenopus tropicalis](/source/Western_clawed_frog)'' |Western Clawed Frog |[Anura](/source/Anura_(frog)) |351.8 |XP_031750786.1 |178 |19.1% |43.4% |- |''[Scleropages formosus](/source/Asian_arowana)'' |Asian Arowana |[Osteoglossiformes](/source/Osteoglossiformes) |435 |XP_029113159.1 |165 |30.6% |44.9% |- |''[Astyanax mexicanus](/source/Mexican_tetra)'' |Mexican Tetra |[Characiformes](/source/Characiformes) |435 |XP_007231481.2 |161 |28.0% |37.4% |- |''Paramormyrops kinsleyae'' |Old Calabar Mormyrid |[Osteoglossiformes](/source/Osteoglossiformes) |435 |XP_023674393.1 |165 |26.6% |32.3% |- |''[Lepisosteus oculatus](/source/Spotted_gar)'' |Spotted Gar |[Lepisosteiformes](/source/Gar) |435 |XP_006640609.2 |172 |24.6% |33.0% |- |''[Salmo trutta](/source/Brown_trout)'' |Brown Trout |[Saloniformes](/source/Salmonidae) |435 |XP_029622555.1 |190 |24.2% |29.6% |- |''[Danio rerio](/source/Zebrafish)'' |Zebrafish |[Cypriniformes](/source/Cypriniformes) |435 |NP_001121828.1 |187 |23.6% |35.6% |} == References == Category:Genes on human chromosome 17 --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [RNF227](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNF227) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNF227?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.