# RIPAC (microprocessor)

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/RIPAC_(microprocessor)
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/RIPAC_(microprocessor).md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIPAC_(microprocessor)
> Source revision: 1308053781
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

{{Short description|Microprocessor for speech recognition}}
'''RIPAC''' was a [VLSI](/source/VLSI) single-chip [microprocessor](/source/microprocessor) designed for automatic recognition of the [connected speech](/source/connected_speech), one of the first of this use.

The project of the microprocessor RIPAC started in 1984.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Cantoni|editor-first1=Virginio|editor-first2=Gabriele|editor-last2=Falciasecca|editor-first3=Giuseppe|editor-last3=Pelosi|title=Storia delle telecomunicazioni, Vol. 1|chapter=Centro studi e laboratori telecomunicazioni (CSELT)|author=Cesare Mossotto|page=394|publisher=Firenze University Press|year=2011|isbn=978-88-6453-243-1|language=it}}</ref> RIPAC was aimed to provide efficient real-time [speech recognition](/source/speech_recognition) services to the italian telephone system provided by [SIP](/source/Societ%C3%A0_Italiana_per_l'Esercizio_Telefonico). The microprocessor was presented in September 1986 at [The Hague](/source/The_Hague) (Netherlands) at [EUSPICO](/source/European_Association_for_Signal_Processing) conference. It was composed of 70.000 transistors and structured as [Harvard architecture](/source/Harvard_architecture).

The name RIPAC is the acronym for "Riconoscimento del PArlato Connesso", that means "Recognition of the connected speech" in Italian. The microprocessor was designed by the Italian companies [CSELT](/source/CSELT) and [ELSAG](/source/Leonardo_(company)) and was produced by [SGS](/source/STMicroelectronics): a combination of [Hidden Markov Model](/source/Hidden_Markov_Model) and [Dynamic Time Warping](/source/Dynamic_Time_Warping) algorithms was used for processing speech signals. It was able to do real-time speech recognition of Italian and many languages with a good affordability. The chip, issued by [https://patents.google.com/patent/US4907278 U.S. Patent No. 4,907,278], worked at first run.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Licciardi |first1=L. |last2=Paolini |first2=M. |last3=Tasso |first3=R. |last4=Torielli |first4=A. |last5=Cecinati |first5=R. |title=1989 Proceedings of the IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference |chapter=RIPAC: A VLSI processor for speech recognition |date=May 1989 |pages=20.6/1–20.6/4 |doi=10.1109/CICC.1989.56798|s2cid=62563680 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite journal |last1=Cecinati |first1=Riccardo |last2=Ciaramella |first2=Alberto |last3=Licciardi |first3=Luigi |last4=Venuti |first4=Giovanni |title=Implementation of a dynamic time warp integrated circuit for large vocabulary isolated and connected speech recognition |journal=First European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, EUROSPEECH 1989, Paris, France, September 27-29, 1989 |date=1989 |pages=1565–1568 |url=https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/eurospeech_1989/cecinati89_eurospeech.html |publisher=ISCA}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Cecinati |first1=Riccardo |last2=Ciaramella |first2=Alberto |last3= Venuti |first3=Giovanni |last4=Vicenzi |first4=Cesare |title= A Custom Integrated Circuit with Dynamic Time Warping for Speech Recognition|journal= CSELT Technical Reports|volume= 15| number =1|year= 1987}}
* R. Cecinati, A. Ciaramella, L. Licciardi, M. Paolini, R. Tasso, & G. Venuti (1990). U.S. Patent No. 4,907,278. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Category:Application-specific integrated circuits
Category:Digital signal processors
Category:Speech recognition
Category:Speech recognition hardware

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [RIPAC (microprocessor)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIPAC_(microprocessor)) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIPAC_(microprocessor)?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.