# Queen Elizabeth Islands

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Northernmost group of islands of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Not to be confused with [Elizabeth Islands](/source/Elizabeth_Islands).

Queen Elizabeth Islands, northern Canada.

  Nunavut

  Northwest Territories

  Quebec

  Greenland

The **Queen Elizabeth Islands** ([French](/source/French_language): *Îles de la Reine-Élisabeth*) are the northernmost cluster of islands in Canada's [Arctic Archipelago](/source/Arctic_Archipelago), split between [Nunavut](/source/Nunavut) and the [Northwest Territories](/source/Northwest_Territories) in [Northern Canada](/source/Northern_Canada). The Queen Elizabeth Islands contain approximately 14% of the global glacier and [ice cap](/source/Ice_cap) area (excluding the inland and shelf [ice sheets](/source/Ice_sheet) of [Greenland](/source/Greenland) and [Antarctica](/source/Antarctica)).[1] The southern islands are called the **Parry Islands** or **Parry Archipelago**.[note 1]

## Geography

The islands, together 419,061 km2 (161,800 sq mi)[2] in area, were renamed as a group after [Elizabeth II](/source/Elizabeth_II) on her coronation as [Queen of Canada](/source/Monarchy_of_Canada) in 1953. The islands cover an area approximately the shape of a right triangle, bounded by the [Nares Strait](/source/Nares_Strait) on the east, [Parry Channel](/source/Parry_Channel) on the south and the [Arctic Ocean](/source/Arctic_Ocean) to the north and west. Most are uninhabited although the [Natural Resources Canada](/source/Natural_Resources_Canada)'s Climate Change Geoscience Program Earth Sciences Sector (ESS), has monitors on the islands.[3] In 1969 [Panarctic Oils](/source/Panarctic_Oils), now part of [Suncor Energy](/source/Suncor_Energy), began operating exploration [oil](/source/Petroleum) wells in the Franklinian and [Sverdrup basins](/source/High_Arctic_Large_Igneous_Province#Sverdrup_Basin) and planned on establishing its resource base in the Queen Elizabeth Islands. It ceased production in the 1970s. At the 2013 GeoConvention the Arctic Islands region were called Canada's perpetual "last [petroleum exploration](/source/Petroleum_exploration_in_the_Arctic) frontier". Hogg and Enachescu argued that the development and implementation of advanced marine and land seismic technologies in Alaska, Northern Europe and Siberia could be modified for use in the Queen Elizabeth Islands.[4]

Queen Elizabeth Islands had not been fully charted until the British [Northwest Passage](/source/Northwest_Passage) expeditions and later Norwegian exploration of the 19th century.

These islands were known as the *Parry Archipelago* for over 130 years. They were first named after British [Arctic](/source/Arctic) explorer Sir [William Parry](/source/William_Edward_Parry), who sailed there in 1820, aboard the *[Hecla](/source/HMS_Hecla_(1815))*. Since the renaming of the archipelago in 1953, the term *Parry Islands* continued to be used for its southwestern part (less [Ellesmere Island](/source/Ellesmere_Island) and the [Sverdrup Islands](/source/Sverdrup_Islands)). The regional break down of the archipelago is therefore as follows:

- Ellesmere Island

- Sverdrup Islands

- Parry Islands

Ellesmere Island is the northernmost and by far the largest. The Sverdrup Islands are located west of Ellesmere Island and north of [Norwegian Bay](/source/Norwegian_Bay). The remaining islands further south and west, but north of the [Parry Channel](/source/Parry_Channel) ([Lancaster Sound](/source/Lancaster_Sound), [Viscount Melville Sound](/source/Viscount_Melville_Sound) and [M'Clure Strait](/source/M'Clure_Strait)), have been carrying the name Parry Islands, which name until 1953 had also included the Sverdrup Islands and Ellesmere Island. South of the Parry Channel are the remaining islands of the [Arctic Archipelago](/source/Arctic_Archipelago).

The islands lay on top of and were formed by the movement of the [Queen Elizabeth Islands Subplate](/source/Queen_Elizabeth_Islands_Subplate).

### Major islands

Many of the islands are among the [largest in the world](/source/List_of_islands_by_area), the largest being [Ellesmere Island](/source/Ellesmere_Island). Other major islands include [Amund Ringnes Island](/source/Amund_Ringnes_Island), [Axel Heiberg Island](/source/Axel_Heiberg_Island), [Bathurst Island](/source/Bathurst_Island_(Nunavut)), [Borden Island](/source/Borden_Island), [Cornwall Island](/source/Cornwall_Island_(Nunavut)), [Cornwallis Island](/source/Cornwallis_Island_(Nunavut)), [Devon Island](/source/Devon_Island), [Eglinton Island](/source/Eglinton_Island), [Ellef Ringnes Island](/source/Ellef_Ringnes_Island), [Mackenzie King Island](/source/Mackenzie_King_Island), [Melville Island](/source/Melville_Island_(Northwest_Territories_and_Nunavut)), and [Prince Patrick Island](/source/Prince_Patrick_Island).[2]

### Smaller islands

Other smaller but notable islands include; [Beechey Island](/source/Beechey_Island) ([74°43′N 091°51′W / 74.717°N 91.850°W / 74.717; -91.850 (Beechey Island)](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Queen_Elizabeth_Islands&params=74_43_N_091_51_W_region:CA_type:isle_scale:30000&title=Beechey+Island)), which held the graves of [Petty Officer](/source/Petty_officer) [John Torrington](/source/John_Torrington), Royal Marine Private [William Braine](/source/William_Braine), and [Able Seaman](/source/Able_seaman_(rank)) [John Hartnell](/source/John_Hartnell), three members of Sir [John Franklin](/source/John_Franklin)'s crew who took part in his [lost expedition](/source/Franklin's_lost_expedition),[5][6] [Hans Island](/source/Hans_Island) ([80°49′41″N 066°27′35″W / 80.82806°N 66.45972°W / 80.82806; -66.45972 (Hans Island)](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Queen_Elizabeth_Islands&params=80_49_41_N_066_27_35_W_region:CA_type:isle&title=Hans+Island)), a small, uninhabited barren knoll measuring 1.3 km2 (0.50 sq mi) whose ownership was disputed by Canada and Denmark until 14 June 2022, when both countries agreed to split the disputed island roughly in half.,[7] the [Cheyne Islands](/source/Cheyne_Islands) ([76°18′22″N 097°31′12″W / 76.30611°N 97.52000°W / 76.30611; -97.52000 (Cheyne Islands)](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Queen_Elizabeth_Islands&params=76_18_22_N_097_31_12_W_type:isle_region:CA_scale:30000&title=Cheyne+Islands)), three small (0.73 km2 (0.28 sq mi) together) islands that are [Important Bird Area](/source/Important_Bird_Area) (#NU049) and a [Key Migratory Bird Terrestrial Habitat site](/source/Key_Habitat_Site) (NU site 5)[8] and [Skraeling Island](/source/Skraeling_Island) ([78°54′42″N 075°37′58″W / 78.91167°N 75.63278°W / 78.91167; -75.63278 (Skraeling Island)](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Queen_Elizabeth_Islands&params=78_54_42_N_075_37_58_W_type:isle_region:CA_scale:40000&title=Skraeling+Island)) an important archaeological site where [Inuit](/source/Inuit) (along with their ancestors the [Dorset](/source/Dorset_culture) and [Thule](/source/Thule_people)) and [Norse](/source/Norsemen) artifacts have been found.[9] They consist of [Silurian](/source/Silurian) and [Carboniferous](/source/Carboniferous) rocks covered with [tundra](/source/Canadian_Arctic_tundra).

### Population

With a population of less than 400, the islands are nearly uninhabited. There are only three permanently inhabited places in the islands. The two [municipalities](/source/Municipality) are the [hamlets](/source/Hamlet_(place)#Canada) of [Resolute](/source/Resolute%2C_Nunavut) (population 198 as of the [2016 census](/source/2016_Canadian_Census)[10]), on Cornwallis Island, and [Grise Fiord](/source/Grise_Fiord) (population 129 as of the 2016 census[11]), on Ellesmere Island. [Alert](/source/Alert%2C_Nunavut) is a [weather station](/source/Weather_station) staffed by [Environment and Climate Change Canada](/source/Environment_and_Climate_Change_Canada), a [Global Atmosphere Watch](/source/Global_Atmosphere_Watch) (GAW) [atmosphere](/source/Atmosphere) monitoring laboratory on Ellesmere Island, and has several temporary inhabitants due to the co-located [CFS Alert](/source/CFS_Alert). [Eureka](/source/Eureka%2C_Nunavut), a small research base on Ellesmere Island, has a population of zero but at least eight staff on a continuous rotational basis.

Abandoned Permanent Settlement Seasonally Occupied

Name Image Type Island Population Established Coordinates Notes Alert Weather station, Canadian Forces base (CFS Alert), airport (Alert Airport) Ellesmere 5 1950[Note 1] 82°30′N 62°20′W / 82.500°N 62.333°W / 82.500; -62.333 (Alert) Northernmost permanent settlement in the world Alexandra Fiord Research station Ellesmere 0 1953 78°54′N 75°59′W / 78.900°N 75.983°W / 78.900; -75.983 (Alexandra Fiord) Used as a Royal Canadian Mounted Police detachment from 1953 to 1963. At the time, it was the northernmost police station in the world. Camp Hazen Warden station Ellesmere 0 1957 81°49′N 62°19′W / 81.817°N 62.317°W / 81.817; -62.317 (Camp Hazen) Used as a research station from 1957 to 1958 for Operation Hazen Owned by Parks Canada and currently used as an access point to Quttinirpaaq National Park Cape Columbia Depot North Pole expedition depot Ellesmere 0 1909 83°06′41″N 69°57′13″W / 83.11139°N 69.95361°W / 83.11139; -69.95361 (Cape Columbia Depot) location for Robert Peary's northernmost depot of his final attempt to reach the North Pole Cape Sheridan North Pole expedition wintering site Ellesmere 0 1908 82°28′N 61°30′W / 82.467°N 61.500°W / 82.467; -61.500 (Cape Sheridan) location for Robert Peary's wintering site of his final attempt to reach the North Pole 13.5 km ESE of Alert Craig Harbour Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) detachment Ellesmere 0 1922 76°12′N 81°01′W / 76.200°N 81.017°W / 76.200; -81.017 (Craig Harbour) Established in 1922 to protect Canadian sovereignty of the island[12] Dundas Harbour Outpost, RCMP detachment Devon 0 1924 74°31′N 82°23′W / 74.517°N 82.383°W / 74.517; -82.383 (Dundas Harbour) Established in 1924 to create a government presence to curb foreign whaling and other activity in the area[13] Eureka Weather station, research station, aerodrome (Eureka Aerodrome) Ellesmere 0 1947 79°59′N 82°23′W / 79.983°N 82.383°W / 79.983; -82.383 (Dundas Harbour) Founded in 1947 as part of a requirement to set up a network of Arctic weather stations May have up to eight people on a rotating basis Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station Research station Devon 0 1999 75°25′N 89°49′W / 75.417°N 89.817°W / 75.417; -89.817 (Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station) The structures were built in 2000 Fort Conger Research station Ellesmere 0 1883 81°43′N 64°43′W / 81.717°N 64.717°W / 81.717; -64.717 (Fort Conger) Established in 1881 but abandoned several decades later Grise Fiord Hamlet, airport (Grise Fiord Airport) Ellesmere 129 1953 76°25′N 82°53′W / 76.417°N 82.883°W / 76.417; -82.883 (Grise Fiord) Northernmost civilian settlement in Canada Created as part of the High Arctic relocation Isachsen Weather station, research station Ellef Ringnes 0 1948 78°46′N 103°29′W / 78.767°N 103.483°W / 78.767; -103.483 (Isachsen) An Automated Surface Observing System was placed at the site in 1989, linked by satellite communications to southern Canada McGill Arctic Research Station Research station Axel Heiberg 0 1959 79°20′N 91°58′W / 79.333°N 91.967°W / 79.333; -91.967 (McGill Arctic Research Station) Owned by McGill University Mould Bay Weather station Prince Patrick 0 1948 76°14′N 119°19′W / 76.233°N 119.317°W / 76.233; -119.317 (Mould Bay) Former Environment and Climate Change Canada weather station Still occasionally visited by members of the Canadian Armed Forces Resolute Hamlet, airport (Resolute Bay Airport) Cornwallis 229 1947 74°41′N 94°49′W / 74.683°N 94.817°W / 74.683; -94.817 (Resolute) Created as part of the High Arctic relocation Most populous settlement in the Queen Elizabeth Islands Second northernmost public community in Canada, only behind Grise Fiord Tanquary Fiord Warden station Ellesmere 0 ?? 81°25′N 76°52′W / 81.417°N 76.867°W / 81.417; -76.867 (Tanquary Fiord) Tanquary Fiord Airport nearby Owned by Parks Canada Ward Hunt Island Warden station Ward Hunt Island 0 1960s? 83°06′N 74°10′W / 83.100°N 74.167°W / 83.100; -74.167 (Ward Hunt Island) Ward Hunt Island Airport nearby Owned by Parks Canada

Formerly staffed stations were Mould Bay on Prince Patrick Island, Isachsen on Ellef Ringnes Island, and Fort Conger on Ellesmere Island.

Abandoned settlements are Dundas Harbour on Devon Island and Craig Harbour on Ellesmere Island.

## Administration

Until 1999, the Queen Elizabeth Islands were part of the [Baffin Region](/source/Baffin_Region%2C_Northwest_Territories) of the Northwest Territories.

With the creation of Nunavut in 1999 all islands and fractions of islands of the archipelago east of the [110th meridian west](/source/110th_meridian_west) became part of the [Qikiqtaaluk Region](/source/Qikiqtaaluk_Region) of the new territory, which was the major portion of the archipelago. The rest remained with the now-reduced Northwest Territories. Borden Island, Mackenzie King Island and Melville Island were divided between the two territories.

Prince Patrick Island, Eglinton Island and Emerald Island are the only notable islands that are now completely part of the Northwest Territories.

Below the level of the territory, there is the municipal level of administration. On that level, there are only two municipalities, [Resolute](/source/Resolute%2C_Nunavut) and [Grise Fiord](/source/Grise_Fiord), with an aggregate area of 450 km2 (170 sq mi) (0.11 percent of the area of the Queen Elizabeth Islands), but with most of the population of the archipelago (327 in 2021). The remaining 99.89 percent are [unincorporated area](/source/Unincorporated_area), with a census 2021 population of zero, albeit a fluctuating population centred in [Alert](/source/Alert%2C_Nunavut) and Eureka, Nunavut.

## Overview of the islands

According to the [Atlas of Canada](/source/Atlas_of_Canada) there are [34 larger and 2,092 smaller islands](/source/List_of_islands_in_the_Queen_Elizabeth_Islands) in the archipelago.[2] With the exception of Ellesmere Island, they fall into two groups, the [Sverdrup Islands](/source/Sverdrup_Islands) and the Parry Islands:

Island sub- group Territory Peak Height m Height ft Area km2 Area sq mi Rank Canada Rank World Coordinates Alexander[14] Parry NU average elevation 60–180 200–590 484 187 66 75°52′N 102°37′W / 75.867°N 102.617°W / 75.867; -102.617 (Alexander Island) Amund Ringnes[15] Sverdrup NU ridge 265 869 5,255 2,029 25 111 77°53′N 095°30′W / 77.883°N 95.500°W / 77.883; -95.500 (Amund Ringnes Island) Axel Heiberg[16] Sverdrup NU Outlook Peak 2,210 7,250 43,178 16,671 7 32 79°26′N 090°46′W / 79.433°N 90.767°W / 79.433; -90.767 (Axel Heiberg Island) Baillie-Hamilton Island[17] Parry NU 200 660 290 110 91 75°53′N 094°35′W / 75.883°N 94.583°W / 75.883; -94.583 (Baillie-Hamilton Island) Bathurst[18] Parry NU Stokes Mountain 412 1,352 16,042 6,194 13 54 75°46′N 099°47′W / 75.767°N 99.783°W / 75.767; -99.783 (Bathurst Island) Borden[19] Parry NU/NT 150 490 2,794 1,079 30 170 78°33′N 111°10′W / 78.550°N 111.167°W / 78.550; -111.167 (Borden Island) Brock[20] Parry NT 67 220 764 295 58 383 77°51′N 114°27′W / 77.850°N 114.450°W / 77.850; -114.450 (Brock Island) Buckingham Island[21] Parry NU Mount Windsor 150 490 137 53 137 77°12′N 091°00′W / 77.200°N 91.000°W / 77.200; -91.000 (Buckingham Island) Byam Martin[22] Parry NU 153 502 1,150 440 42 294 75°12′N 104°17′W / 75.200°N 104.283°W / 75.200; -104.283 (Byam Martin Island) Cameron[23] Parry NU Mount Wilmot 1,059 409 46 312 77°48′N 101°51′W / 77.800°N 101.850°W / 77.800; -101.850 (Cameron Island) Coburg Island[24] Parry NU 800 2,600 411 159 83 75°57′N 079°18′W / 75.950°N 79.300°W / 75.950; -79.300 (Coburg Island) Cornwall[25] Sverdrup NU McLeod Peak 400 1,300 2,358 910 31 184 77°37′N 094°52′W / 77.617°N 94.867°W / 77.617; -94.867 (Cornwall Island) Cornwallis[26] Parry NU 343 1,125 6,995 2,701 21 96 75°05′N 095°00′W / 75.083°N 95.000°W / 75.083; -95.000 (Cornwallis Island) Devon[27] Parry NU Devon Ice Cap 1,920 6,300 55,247 21,331 6 27 75°08′N 087°51′W / 75.133°N 87.850°W / 75.133; -87.850 (Devon Island) Eglinton[28] Parry NT 200 660 1,541 595 36 249 75°46′N 118°27′W / 75.767°N 118.450°W / 75.767; -118.450 (Eglinton Island) Ellef Ringnes[29] Sverdrup NU Isachsen Dome 260 850 11,295 4,361 16 69 78°37′N 101°56′W / 78.617°N 101.933°W / 78.617; -101.933 (Ellef Ringnes Island) Ellesmere[30] NU Barbeau Peak 2,616 8,583 196,236 75,767 3 10 80°10′N 079°05′W / 80.167°N 79.083°W / 80.167; -79.083 (Ellesmere Island) Emerald Isle[31] Parry NT 150 490 549 212 63 466 76°48′N 114°07′W / 76.800°N 114.117°W / 76.800; -114.117 (Emerald Isle) Graham[32] Sverdrup NU 175 574 1,378 532 38 265 77°26′N 090°30′W / 77.433°N 90.500°W / 77.433; -90.500 (Graham Island) Griffith Island[33] Parry NU 189 73 110 74°35′N 095°30′W / 74.583°N 95.500°W / 74.583; -95.500 (Griffith Island) Helena Island[34] Parry NU average in southern hills 220 720 327 126 85 76°40′N 101°00′W / 76.667°N 101.000°W / 76.667; -101.000 (Helena Island) Hoved Island[35] Parry NU 158 61 125 77°32′N 085°09′W / 77.533°N 85.150°W / 77.533; -85.150 (Hoved Island) Île Vanier[36] Parry NU 200 660 1,126 435 44 298 76°10′N 103°15′W / 76.167°N 103.250°W / 76.167; -103.250 (Île Vanier) King Christian[37] Sverdrup NU King Christian Mountain 165 541 645 249 60 420 77°45′N 102°00′W / 77.750°N 102.000°W / 77.750; -102.000 (King Christian Island) Little Cornwallis Island[38] Parry NU 412 159 75 75°30′N 096°30′W / 75.500°N 96.500°W / 75.500; -96.500 (Little Cornwallis Island) Lougheed[39] Parry NU 60–110 200–360 1,308 505 41 273 77°24′N 105°15′W / 77.400°N 105.250°W / 77.400; -105.250 (Lougheed Island) Lowther Island[40] Parry NU raised beach 106.5 349 145 56 133 74°33′N 097°30′W / 74.550°N 97.500°W / 74.550; -97.500 (Lowther Island) Mackenzie King[41] Parry NU/NT Castel Butte 300 980 5,048 1,949 26 115 77°43′N 111°57′W / 77.717°N 111.950°W / 77.717; -111.950 (Mackenzie King Island) Massey[42] Parry NU 210 690 432 167 71 75°59′N 102°58′W / 75.983°N 102.967°W / 75.983; -102.967 (Massey Island) Meighen[43] Sverdrup NU 260 850 955 369 50 337 79°59′N 099°30′W / 79.983°N 99.500°W / 79.983; -99.500 (Meighen Island) Melville[44] Parry NU/NT 776 2,546 42,149 16,274 8 33 75°30′N 111°30′W / 75.500°N 111.500°W / 75.500; -111.500 (Melville Island) North Kent[45] Parry NU 600 2,000 590 230 62 453 76°40′N 090°15′W / 76.667°N 90.250°W / 76.667; -90.250 (North Kent Island) Prince Patrick[46] Parry NT 279 915 15,848 6,119 14 55 76°45′N 119°30′W / 76.750°N 119.500°W / 76.750; -119.500 (Prince Patrick Island) Stor Island[47] Sverdrup NU 500 1,600 313 121 87 78°59′N 085°50′W / 78.983°N 85.833°W / 78.983; -85.833 (Stor Island) remaining 2,092 islands[2] NU/NT 2,321 896 ... ... Queen Elizabeth[2] NU/NT Barbeau Peak 2,616 8,583 419,061 161,800 ... ... 78°05′N 095°10′W / 78.083°N 95.167°W / 78.083; -95.167 (Queen Elizabeth Islands)

## Glaciers and ice caps

In 2000 it was estimated that the Queen Elizabeth Islands were covered by about 104,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi) glaciers that represent c.14% of all glaciers and ice caps in the world.[1] According to a 2011 report, the [surface mass balance](/source/Glacier_mass_balance) of four, the [Devon Ice Cap](/source/Devon_Ice_Cap) measured 1,699 km2 (656 sq mi) (northwest sector only); the Meighen Ice Cap measured 75 km2 (29 sq mi); the Melville South Ice Cap measured 52 km2 (20 sq mi) and the White Glacier, [Axel Heiberg Island](/source/Axel_Heiberg_Island) glacier was 39 km2 (15 sq mi).[1] The size of these glaciers has been measured since 1961 and their results published in such distinguished journals as the [International Glaciological Society](/source/International_Glaciological_Society)'s *Annals of Glaciology*.[1][48][49]

Of the four ice caps that the federal government's NRCan's Climate Change Geoscience Program Earth Sciences Sector (ESS), monitors onsite in the Canadian High Arctic, three are in the Queen Elizabeth Islands: Devon, Meighen and Melville.[3] A 2013 [Natural Resources Canada](/source/Natural_Resources_Canada) memo says that shrinking of the ice caps started in the late 1980s, and has accelerated rapidly since 2005. The increased melt rate was confirmed by [University of California, Irvine](/source/University_of_California%2C_Irvine) in 2017.[50]

Computer analysis of a glacier inventory of Axel Heiberg Island was undertaken in the 1960s.[51] Later inventories of the [World Glacier Monitoring Service](/source/World_Glacier_Monitoring_Service) under the direction of [Fritz Müller](/source/Fritz_M%C3%BCller_(glaciologist)), who worked on glacier inventories internationally, included the Axel Heiberg Island glacier.[52]

Other glaciers and [ice caps](/source/Ice_cap) in the Queen Elizabeth Islands include the [Agassiz Ice Cap](/source/Agassiz_Ice_Cap), [Benedict Glacier](/source/Benedict_Glacier), [Disraeli Glacier](/source/Disraeli_Glacier), [Eugenie Glacier](/source/Eugenie_Glacier), [Gull Glacier](/source/Gull_Glacier), [Parrish Glacier](/source/Parrish_Glacier), [Sven Hedin Glacier](/source/Sven_Hedin_Glacier) and the [Turnabout Glacier](/source/Turnabout_Glacier).

## See also

- [List of islands of Canada](/source/List_of_islands_of_Canada)

- [List of Canadian islands by area](/source/List_of_Canadian_islands_by_area)

- [Royal eponyms in Canada](/source/Royal_eponyms_in_Canada)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** A name formerly used for the entire Queen Elizabeth Islands

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-EAS2011_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-EAS2011_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-EAS2011_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-EAS2011_1-3) Sharp, Martin; Burgess, David O.; Cogley, J. Graham; Ecclestone, Miles; Labine, Claude; Wolken, Gabriel J. (9 June 2011). ["Extreme melt on Canada's Arctic ice caps in the 21st century"](http://arctic.eas.ualberta.ca/downloads/GRL2011_CAA%20Warming.pdf) (PDF). *Geophysical Research Letters*. **38** (11): n/a. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2011GeoRL..3811501S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011GeoRL..3811501S). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1029/2011GL047381](https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2011GL047381). Retrieved 20 February 2014.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-taoc_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-taoc_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-taoc_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-taoc_3-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-taoc_3-4) ["Sea islands"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130122002132/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/islands.html). *[Atlas of Canada](/source/Atlas_of_Canada)*. Archived from [the original](http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/islands.html) on January 22, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2013.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Fekete2014_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Fekete2014_4-1) Fekete, Jason (18 February 2014). ["Canada's Arctic ice caps melting rapidly since 2005, according to documents"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180718115227/http://o.canada.com/news/national/canadas-arctic-ice-caps-melting-rapidly-since-2005-according-to-documents). Postmedia. Archived from [the original](http://o.canada.com/news/national/canadas-arctic-ice-caps-melting-rapidly-since-2005-according-to-documents/) on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Hogg, John R.; Enachescu, Michael E (2013). *Reviving Exploration in the Arctic Islands: Opportunities and Challenges from an Operator's Perspective*. GeoConvention 2013: Integration. Calgary, Alberta.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [Researches for Sir John Franklin](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1853/01/20/75123977.pdf)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** [Franklin timeline](http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/specialfeatures/franklinexpedition/time.asp) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120408090136/http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/specialfeatures/franklinexpedition/time.asp) April 8, 2012, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Greenland, Canada squabbling over pet rock"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080605143228/http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/40409/news/nunavut/40409_08.html). Archived from [the original](http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/40409/news/nunavut/40409_08.html) on 2008-06-05. Retrieved 2009-08-17.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** [Cheyne Islands](http://www.bsc-eoc.org/iba/site.jsp?siteID=NU049) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120319152937/http://www.bsc-eoc.org/iba/site.jsp?siteID=NU049) March 19, 2012, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["Vikings: the Arctic's first European visitors"](https://web.archive.org/web/20061121152945/http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut000531/nvt20512_13.html). Archived from [the original](http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut000531/nvt20512_13.html) on 2006-11-21. Retrieved 2009-08-17.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-census2016YRB_11-0)** ["Census Profile, 2016 Census - Resolute"](http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6204022&Geo2=CD&Code2=6204&Data=Count&SearchText=Resolute&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=6204022&TABID=11). Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2017-03-03.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-census2016YGZ_12-0)** ["Census Profile, 2016 Census - Grise Fiord"](http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6204025&Geo2=CD&Code2=6204&Data=Count&SearchText=Grise%20Fiord&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=6204025&TABID=11). Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2017-03-03.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["Grise Fiord Community History"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150106170646/http://www.qtcommission.com/actions/GetPage.php?pageId=19&communityId=13). *The Qikiqtani Truth Commission*. Archived from [the original](http://qtcommission.com/actions/GetPage.php?pageId=19&communityId=13) on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["Dundas Harbour - August 17th, 2013"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160107200830/https://www.polartrec.com/expeditions/ocean-atmosphere-sea-ice-and-snowpack-interactions/journals/2013-09-09). *Polar Trec*. Archived from [the original](http://www.polartrec.com/expeditions/ocean-atmosphere-sea-ice-and-snowpack-interactions/journals/2013-09-09) on 2016-01-07. Retrieved 27 April 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** ["Alexander Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/alexander.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2010-12-23. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** ["Amund Ringnes Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223015139/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/amund-ringnes.php). *oceandots.com*. Archived from the original on December 23, 2010. Retrieved May 28, 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["Axel Heiberg Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/axel-heiberg.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2010-12-23. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["Baillie-Hamilton Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223015139/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/baillie-hamilton.php). *oceandots.com*. Archived from the original on December 23, 2010. Retrieved May 6, 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** [Bathurst Island](http://www.bivouac.com/MtnPg.asp?MtnId=11865) at Bivouac.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** ["Borden Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/borden.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2010-12-23. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** ["Brock Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/brock.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2010-12-23. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** [Buckingham Island](http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/topo/map?mapsize=428%20380&lat=77.2000000018&long=-91.0000000006&mapxy=99248.6210695+3081007.33148&scale=5000000&feature_na=Buckingham+Island&location1=62&unique_key=0c754211849c20c30ffd806c930cbe5f&searchstring=Buckingham%20Island&entity=ISL&layers=fapfeature+fapfeature%20north_arrow%20other_features%20million_grid%20t50k_grid%20grid_50k_3%20roads%20hydrography%20boundary%20builtup%20vegetation%20populated_places%20railway%20power_network%20manmade_features%20designated_areas%20water_features%20water_saturated_soils%20relief%20contours%20toponymy%20contour%20nodata_ntdb_50k&urlappend=%26unique_key%3D0c754211849c20c30ffd806c930cbe5f%26map.layer%5Dtextzoom03%5B%3DFEATURE+POINTS+99015.3653654+3081755.13002+END+TEXT+%22Buckingham%2BIsland%22+END%26map.layer%5Dtextzoom46%5B%3DFEATURE+POINTS+99015.3653654+3081755.13002+END+TEXT+%22Buckingham%2BIsland%22+END%26map.layer%5Dpolygonresultzoom0%5B%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Dpolygonresultzoom1%5B%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Dpolygonresultzoom2%5B%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Dpolygonresultzoom0outline%5B%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Dpolygonresultzoom1outline%5B%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Dpolygonresultzoom2outline%5B%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Darrowzoom03%5B%3DFEATURE+POINTS+99015.3653654+3081755.13002+END+END) at the [Atlas of Canada](/source/Atlas_of_Canada) [*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["Byam Martin Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/byam-martin.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-03-14. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** ["Cameron Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/cameron.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-08-17. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** ["Coburg Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223175414/http://oceandots.com/arctic/canada/coburg.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-08-20. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** ["Cornwall Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/cornwall.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-08-17. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** ["Cornwallis Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/cornwallis.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-08-17. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** ["Devon Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223015139/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/devon.php). *oceandots.com*. Archived from the original on December 23, 2010. Retrieved June 26, 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** ["Eglinton Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/eglinton.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-08-17. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** ["Ellef Ringnes Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/ellef-ringnes.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-08-17. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** ["Ellesmere Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/ellesmere.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-01-15. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** ["Emerald Isle"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/emerald-isle.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-08-17. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** ["Graham Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223015139/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/graham.php). *oceandots.com*. Archived from the original on December 23, 2010. Retrieved April 10, 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-35)** [Griffith Island](http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/topo/map?mapsize=428%20380&lat=74.5833000026&long=-95.4999999996&mapxy=-15635.102075+2787267.7351&scale=5000000&feature_na=Griffith+Island&location1=62&unique_key=0cf9035b849c20c3312c1b776762657c&searchstring=Griffith%20Island&entity=ISL&layers=fapfeature+fapfeature%20fapfeature%20north_arrow%20other_features%20million_grid%20t50k_grid%20grid_50k_3%20roads%20hydrography%20boundary%20builtup%20vegetation%20populated_places%20railway%20power_network%20manmade_features%20designated_areas%20water_features%20water_saturated_soils%20relief%20contours%20toponymy%20contour%20nodata_ntdb_50k&urlappend=%26unique_key%3D0cf9035b849c20c3312c1b776762657c%26map.layer%5Dtextzoom03%5B%3DFEATURE+POINTS+-14667.9938946+2788264.77822+END+TEXT+%22Griffith%2BIsland%22+END%26map.layer%5Dtextzoom46%5B%3DFEATURE+POINTS+-14667.9938946+2788264.77822+END+TEXT+%22Griffith%2BIsland%22+END%26map.layer%5Dpolygonresultzoom0%5B%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Dpolygonresultzoom1%5B%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Dpolygonresultzoom2%5B%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Dpolygonresultzoom0outline%5B%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Dpolygonresultzoom1outline%5B%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Dpolygonresultzoom2outline%5B%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Darrowzoom03%5B%3DFEATURE+POINTS+-14667.9938946+2788264.77822+END+END) at the Atlas of Canada [*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-36)** ["Helena Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/helena.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-08-20. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-37)** [Hoved Island](http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/topo/map?mapsize=428%20380&lat=77.5333000007&long=-85.1500000004&mapxy=236942.848305+3132579.58829&scale=5000000&feature_na=Hoved+Island&location1=62&unique_key=0c7317fd849c20c3eb0c9d5120b52575&searchstring=Hoved%20Island&entity=ISL&layers=fapfeature+fapfeature%20north_arrow%20other_features%20million_grid%20t50k_grid%20grid_50k_3%20roads%20hydrography%20boundary%20builtup%20vegetation%20populated_places%20railway%20power_network%20manmade_features%20designated_areas%20water_features%20water_saturated_soils%20relief%20contours%20toponymy%20contour%20nodata_ntdb_50k&urlappend=%26unique_key%3D0c7317fd849c20c3eb0c9d5120b52575%26map.layer%5Btextzoom03%5D%3DFEATURE+POINTS+237260.523695+3134338.07087+END+TEXT+%22Hoved%2BIsland%22+END%26map.layer%5Btextzoom46%5D%3DFEATURE+POINTS+237260.523695+3134338.07087+END+TEXT+%22Hoved%2BIsland%22+END%26map.layer%5Bpolygonresultzoom0%5D%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Bpolygonresultzoom1%5D%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Bpolygonresultzoom2%5D%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Bpolygonresultzoom0outline%5D%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Bpolygonresultzoom1outline%5D%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Bpolygonresultzoom2outline%5D%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Barrowzoom03%5D%3DFEATURE+POINTS+237260.523695+3134338.07087+END+END) at the Atlas of Canada [*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** ["Île Vanier"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/vanier.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-08-17. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-39)** ["King Christian Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223015139/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/king-christian.php). *oceandots.com*. Archived from the original on December 23, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-40)** ["Little Cornwallis Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/little-cornwallis.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-08-20. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-41)** ["Lougheed Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/lougheed.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-08-17. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-42)** [Lowther Island](http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/topo/map?mapsize=428%20380&lat=74.5500000005&long=-97.5000000009&mapxy=-74085.399991+2785681.64631&scale=5000000&feature_na=Lowther+Island&location1=62&unique_key=0cf9acba849c20c39a56f6c7af667335&searchstring=Lowther%20Island&entity=ISL&layers=fapfeature+fapfeature%20north_arrow%20other_features%20million_grid%20t50k_grid%20grid_50k_3%20roads%20hydrography%20boundary%20builtup%20vegetation%20populated_places%20railway%20power_network%20manmade_features%20designated_areas%20water_features%20water_saturated_soils%20relief%20contours%20toponymy%20contour%20nodata_ntdb_50k&urlappend=%26unique_key%3D0cf9acba849c20c39a56f6c7af667335%26map.layer%5Dtextzoom03%5B%3DFEATURE+POINTS+-73466.1628188+2785978.29039+END+TEXT+%22Lowther%2BIsland%22+END%26map.layer%5Dtextzoom46%5B%3DFEATURE+POINTS+-73466.1628188+2785978.29039+END+TEXT+%22Lowther%2BIsland%22+END%26map.layer%5Dpolygonresultzoom0%5B%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Dpolygonresultzoom1%5B%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Dpolygonresultzoom2%5B%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Dpolygonresultzoom0outline%5B%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Dpolygonresultzoom1outline%5B%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Dpolygonresultzoom2outline%5B%3DDATA+fap_islands%26map.layer%5Darrowzoom03%5B%3DFEATURE+POINTS+-73466.1628188+2785978.29039+END+END) at the Atlas of Canada [*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-43)** ["Mackenzie King Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/mackenzie-king.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-08-17. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-44)** ["Massey Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/massey.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-08-17. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-45)** [Meighen Island](http://www.arctic.uoguelph.ca/cpe/environments/maps/detailed/islands/meighen.htm#meighen) at arctic.uoguelph.ca

1. **[^](#cite_ref-46)** ["Melville Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/melville.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-08-17. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-47)** ["North Kent Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/north-kent.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-08-17. at oceandots.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-48)** [Prince Patrick Island](http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=654) at peakbagger.com

1. **[^](#cite_ref-49)** ["Stor Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223015139/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/stor.php). *oceandots.com*. Archived from the original on December 23, 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Cogley_50-0)** Cogley, J. G.; Adams, W. P.; Ecclestone, M. A.; Jung‐Rothenhausler, F.; Ommaney, C. S. L. (1996). ["Mass balance of White Glacier, Axel Heiberg Island, NWT, Canada, 1960–91"](https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022143000003531). *Journal of Glaciology*. **42** (142): 548–563. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1996JGlac..42..548C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996JGlac..42..548C). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1017/S0022143000003531](https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022143000003531).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Koerner2005_51-0)** Koerner, R. M. (2005). ["Mass balance of glaciers in the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Nunavut, Canada"](https://doi.org/10.3189%2F172756405781813122). *[Annals of Glaciology](/source/Annals_of_Glaciology)*. **42** (1): 417–423. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2005AnGla..42..417K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AnGla..42..417K). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3189/172756405781813122](https://doi.org/10.3189%2F172756405781813122).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-52)** ["Canadian glaciers now major contributor to sea level change, UCI study shows"](https://news.uci.edu/research/canadian-glaciers-now-major-contributor-to-sea-level-change-uci-study-shows/). *[UCI News](/source/University_of_California%2C_Irvine)*. 14 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Müller1969_53-0)** Ommanney, C. S.L.; Goodman, R. H.; Müller, Fritz (1969). ["Computer Analysis of a Glacier Inventory of Axel Heiberg Island: Canadian Arctic Archipelago"](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02626666909493698). *Hydrological Sciences Journal*. **14**: 19–28. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/02626666909493698](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02626666909493698).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Muller1981_54-0)** Lang, Herbert (21 Dec 2009) [1981]. ["Obituary Fritz Muller"](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02626668109490893). *Hydrological Sciences Bulletin*. **26** (3). Zürich, Switzerland: 332–333. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/02626668109490893](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02626668109490893).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** The weather station was established in 1950 and the military station was established in 1958

## External links

**Map all coordinates using** [OpenStreetMap](https://tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=en&article=Queen_Elizabeth_Islands)

**Download coordinates as:**

- [KML](https://tools.wmflabs.org/kmlexport?article=Queen_Elizabeth_Islands)

- [GPX (all coordinates)](https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?project=en.wikipedia.org&coprimary=all&titles=Queen_Elizabeth_Islands)

- [GPX (primary coordinates)](https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?project=en.wikipedia.org&coprimary=primary&titles=Queen_Elizabeth_Islands)

- [GPX (secondary coordinates)](https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?project=en.wikipedia.org&coprimary=secondary&titles=Queen_Elizabeth_Islands)

- ["Bathurst Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/bathurst.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2010-08-25. at oceandots.com

- [Meighen Island](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/meighen.php) at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) (archived December 23, 2010) at oceandots.com

- ["Prince Patrick Island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/arctic/canada/prince-patrick.php). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-08-17. at oceandots.com

v t e Queen Elizabeth Islands, Nunavut and Northwest Territories, Canada Ellesmere Island Ellesmere Ward Hunt Island Parry Islands major Devon Melville Bathurst Prince Patrick Cornwallis Mackenzie King Borden Cornwall Eglinton Graham Lougheed Byam Martin Île Vanier Cameron Brock North Kent Emerald Isle Alexander Massey Little Cornwallis Coburg Helena Baillie-Hamilton Griffith Hoved Lowther Buckingham minor Beechey Berkeley Browne Cheyne Cocked Hat Crescent Des Voeux Dundas Edmund Walker Eight Bears Ekins Exmouth Fairholme Fitzwilliam Owen Findlay Group Garrett Grosvenor Hans (shared with Denmark) Houston Stewart Hyde Parker Île Marc John Barrow Margaret Nookap Norman Lockyer Patterson Philpots Pim Pioneer Princess Royal Seymour Skraeling Spit Stupart Table Thor Truro Sverdrup Islands major Axel Heiberg Ellef Ringnes Amund Ringnes King Christian Meighen Stor minor Fay Gretha Haig-Thomas Hat Ulvingen

v t e Islands of the Qikiqtaaluk Region Adams Akpatok Alfred Allen Arvalik Aulattivik Aulitivik Aulitiving Baffin Barth Beacon (Ungava Bay) Bergesen Bjarnason Bylot Davids Dexterity Diana Edgeworth Eider Elder Fraser Gyrfalcon Hamilton Imiliit Imiqqutailaqtuuq Kaigosuiyat Kilian Lady Franklin Landslip Lock Low Marvin Mumiksaa Nakoaiyet Nova Zembla Old Squaw Otrick Pandora Payne Peter Richards Pilattuaq Pisiktarfik Plover Prescott Prince Leopold Prince of Wales Qikiqta Qikiqtaaluk Qimivvik Round Russell Saglaarjuk Saglirjuaq Salikuit Saneruarsuk Simialuk Somerset Spicer Stephens Trinity Vesey Hamilton Vivian Wollaston Yeoman Young Belcher Islands Bradbury Broomfield Bun Cake Camsell Dove Fair Flaherty Innetalling Karlay La Duke Loaf Mata Mavor Moore Nero Ney O'Leary Range Renouf Snape Split Tukarak Twin Cairns Walton Wiegand Islands of Cumberland Sound Akulagok Anarnittuq Aupaluktok Aupaluktut Blacklead Clear Passage Drum Ekallulik Iglunga Imigen Ivisa Kaigosuit Kangigutsak Kekertelung Kekerten Kekertukdjuak Kudjak Maktaktujanak Miliakdjuin Moodie Nimigen Nunatak Nuvujen Opingivik Sanigut Saunik Shakshukowshee Shakshukuk Tesseralik Tuapait Upajjana Utaqqiurviarjuruluk Utsusivik Wareham Islands of Davis Strait Aggijjat Akuglek Alikdjuak Angijak Broughton Idjuniving Kekertaluk Kekertuk Kekerturnak Manitung Monumental Nedlukseak Nudlung Nunatsiaq Nuvuktik Paallavvik Pilektuak Qaqulluit Rock Satigsun Islands of Foxe Basin Air Force Bird Bray Foley Igloolik Kapuiviit Koch Nirlirnaqtuuq North Tweedsmuir Prince Charles Qikiqtaarjuk Rowley Siuraq South Tweedsmuir White Winter Islands of Frobisher Bay Algerine Alligator Anchorage Aubrey Augustus Bear Beveridge Bishop Brigus Brook Bruce Cairn Camp Carter Chase Coffin Crowell Culbertson Daniel Dog Eden Emerick Falk Faris Field Fletcher Frobisher's Farthest Gabriel Gardiner Gay Gross Halford Hantzsch Harper Hill Jenvey Kodlunarn Kudlago Kungo Lefferts Leopold Loks Land Long Low Luella Mair Mark Mary McAllister McBride McLaren McLean Metela Mitchell Monument Nest Nouyarn Ogden Pan Peak Pichit Pike Pink Lady Pope Potter Precipice Ptarmigan Pugh Qarsau Quadrifid Redan Resor Sale Scalene Sliver Smith Sybil Thompson Whiskukun Islands of the Gulf of Boothia Crown Prince Frederik Glen Honeyman Lavoie Sabine Wales Islands of Hudson Bay Awrey Big Booth Bronson Commodore Cox Digges Eddy Elsie Fraley Frazier Gilmour Harrison J. Gordon Johnnys Kugong Long Mansel Marcopeet McCormack Moore Nuvuk Ottawa Pattee Perley Smith Islands of Hudson Strait Anguttuaq Aulatsiviit Avingasittuit Siqinirsipangat Beacon (Hudson Strait) Black Bluff Bush Button Charles Clark Dolphin Dorset Edgell Erhardt Goodwin Gudmusson Hector Holdridge Ijjuriktuq Ivvitsa Kaavvijjuaq King Kinngarjuaq Lacy Lavoie Lawson Leading Lower Savage MacColl Mallik Middle Savage Mill Naniruaq Niels Nottingham Nunarijjait Nuvuktiqpaaraaluk Nuvursiit Observation Point Poodlatee Qaqqannalik Qaiqsuarjuk Qikiqtaalujjuaq Qikiqtarjuaq Qikiqtarjuarusiq Resolution Saarru Salisbury Saqajaa Sheer Strathcona Takijualuk Ukaliqtuuq Ungirlauttat Upirngiviaaluk Islands of James Bay Akimiski Bear Big Cape Hope Carey Charlton Grey Goose Gull Jacob Moore North Twin Paint Hills Solomons Temple South Twin Spencer Stag Strutton Sunday Trodely Twin Walter Weston Islands of the Labrador Sea Brevoort Cape Chidley Christopher Hall Hozier Hudson Ilikok Jackson Killiniq Knight Leybourne Little Hall Muingmak Rogers Queen Elizabeth Islands Ellesmere Island Ellesmere Ward Hunt Parry Islands Alexander Baillie-Hamilton Bathurst Beechey Berkeley Borden Brock Browne Buckingham Byam Martin Cameron Cheyne Coburg Cocked Hat Cornwall Cornwallis Crescent Des Voeux Devon Dundas Edmund Walker Eglinton Ekins Emerald Exmouth Fairholme Findlay Group Garrett Graham Griffith Grosvenor Hans (with Greenland) Helena Houston Stewart Hoved Hyde Parker John Barrow Little Cornwallis Lougheed Lowther Mackenzie King Moore Marc Margaret Massey Melville Nookap Norman Lockyer North Kent Patterson Philpots Pim Pioneer Prince Patrick Princess Royal Seymour Skraeling Spit Stupart Table Thor Truro Vanier Sverdrup Islands Amund Ringnes Axel Heiberg Ellef Ringnes Fay Gretha Haig-Thomas Hat King Christian Meighen Stor Ulvingen Islands in italics are inhabited. See also Islands of the Kitikmeot Region, Islands of the Kivalliq Region See also Islands of the Kitikmeot Region, Islands of the Kivalliq Region.

v t e Elizabeth II Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms (1952–2022) Realms Antigua and Barbuda Australia The Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Ceylon Fiji The Gambia Ghana Grenada Guyana Jamaica Kenya Malawi Malta Mauritius New Zealand Nigeria Pakistan Papua New Guinea Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Sierra Leone Solomon Islands South Africa Tanganyika Trinidad and Tobago Tuvalu Uganda United Kingdom Titles and honours Head of the Commonwealth Defender of the Faith Supreme Governor of the Church of England Head of the British Armed Forces Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces Head of the Armed Forces (New Zealand) Lord of Mann Duke of Normandy Royal Family Order Elizabeth Cross Elizabeth Emblem Queen's Official Birthday Flags Family Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (husband) Charles III (son) Anne, Princess Royal (daughter) Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor (son) Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh (son) George VI (father) Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (mother) Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (sister) Mountbatten-Windsor family Descendants Early life Christmas pantomimes 21st birthday speech Wedding Wedding dress Wedding cake Accession and coronation Proclamation of accession Coronation Guests Participants in the procession Coronation chicken Gown Medal Honours Award The Queen's Beasts Coronation Arches Orb and Sceptre "O taste and see" Treetops Hotel MacCormick v Lord Advocate Reign Household Personality and image Prime ministers Pillar Box War Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence Queen of Rhodesia Lithgow Plot 1975 Australian constitutional crisis Palace letters Marcus Sarjeant incident Christopher John Lewis incident Michael Fagan incident 1987 Fijian coups d'état 1992 Windsor Castle fire Annus horribilis Handover of Hong Kong Death of Diana, Princess of Wales 1999 Australian republic referendum Perth Agreement State Opening of Parliament 2021 2022 Jubilees Silver Jubilee Events Medal Honours Jubilee Gardens Jubilee line Jubilee Walkway Rosa 'Silver Jubilee' Ruby Jubilee Queen Elizabeth Prizes for Education Golden Jubilee Prom at the Palace Party at the Palace Medal Honours The Odyssey 2002 royal tour of Canada Diamond Jubilee Pageant Armed Forces Parade and Muster Thames Pageant Gloriana Spirit of Chartwell Concert Gibraltar Flotilla Medal Honours Sapphire Jubilee Sapphire Jubilee Snowflake Brooch Platinum Jubilee Medal Beacons Elizabeth line Platinum Party at the Palace Pageant Platinum Jubilee Celebration: A Gallop Through History Trooping the Colour National Service of Thanksgiving Platinum Pudding The Queen's Green Canopy Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours The Bahamas Platinum Jubilee Sailing Regatta The Queen's Platinum Jubilee Concert Big Jubilee Read "Queenhood" Queen's Platinum Jubilee Gardens Commonwealth tours Aden Colony Antigua and Barbuda Australia official openings 1981 2002 2011 Canada 1973 1987 2002 Ceylon Jamaica 1975 New Zealand 1953–1954 1995 Saint Lucia Sierra Leone Ships used HMS Vanguard (23) SS Gothic (1947) HMY Britannia State visits Outgoing United States (1976) China (1986) Spain (1988) United States (1991) Russia (1994) United States (2007) Ireland (2011) Incoming King Juan Carlos I (1986) President Jiang Zemin (1999) President Vladimir Putin (2003) President George W. Bush (2003) President Hu Jintao (2005) Pope Benedict XVI (2010) President Barack Obama (2011) President Michael D. Higgins (2014) President Xi Jinping (2015) President Donald Trump (2019) Broadcasts Christmas messages Special addresses Depictions Books The Little Princesses (1950) The BFG (1982) The Queen and I (1992) Queen Camilla (2006) The Uncommon Reader (2007) Winnie-the-Pooh Meets the Queen (2016) The Queen: Her Life (2022) Elizabeth: An Intimate Portrait (2022) A Voyage Around the Queen (2024) Elizabeth II: In Private. In Public. The Inside Story (2026) Documentaries Royal Journey (1951) A Queen Is Crowned (1953) The Queen in Australia (1954) The Royal Tour of the Caribbean (1966) Royal Family (1969) Elizabeth R: A Year in the Life of the Queen (1992) Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work (2007) The Diamond Queen (2012) Our Queen at 90 (2016) Elizabeth at 90: A Family Tribute (2016) The Coronation (2018) Elizabeth: A Portrait in Parts (2022) Elizabeth: The Unseen Queen (2022) The Cowboy and the Queen (2023) Queen Elizabeth II: Her Story, Our Century (2026) Fictionalised film and television depictions Spitting Image (1984–96); (2020–21) The BFG (1989) A Question of Attribution (1992) Willi und die Windzors (1996) Her Majesty (2001) The Queen (2006) South Park: The Snuke (2007) The Queen (2009 TV serial) Happy and Glorious (2012) A Royal Night Out (2015) Minions (2015) The BFG (2016) The Crown (2016–23) The Queen's Corgi (2019) 2020 alternative Christmas message The Prince (2021) Plays A Question of Attribution (1988) The Audience (2013) Handbagged (2013) Idiots Assemble: Spitting Image The Musical (2023) Portraits Herbert James Gunn (1950) Herbert James Gunn (1953–56) William Dargie (1954) Pietro Annigoni (1955, 1969 and 1972) Andy Warhol (1985) Richard Stone (1992 and 2015) Justin Mortimer (1997) John Wonnacott (2000) Lucian Freud (2001) Banksy (2001, 2003 and 2012) Rolf Harris (2005) Ralph Heimans (2012) Damien Hirst (2014) Henry Ward (2016) Ai-Da (2022) Jignesh Patel and Yash Patel (2022) Stamps Wilding series Canadian domestic rate stamp Castle series Country definitives Machin series (list) Statues Andover Antrim Lagos London (planned) Newcastle-under-Lyme Oakham Toronto Windsor Winnipeg York Minster Songs "God Save the Queen" (Sex Pistols song) "Her Majesty" Animals Corgis Dookie Susan Horses Aureole Burmese Carrozza Dunfermline Estimate Height of Fashion Highclere Pall Mall Winston Death Reactions Queue for the lying-in-state State funeral Operation London Bridge Guests "Like as the hart" "Who shall separate us?" "Sleep, Dearie, Sleep" Queen Elizabeth II Memorial Day Honours Related Jewels Namesakes Ships christened Queen Elizabeth II Garden Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden Queen Elizabeth Trust Queen Elizabeth II Commonwealth Trust Queen Elizabeth II National Trust Queen Elizabeth II: Her Life in Style 145 Piccadilly Sagana Lodge Villa Guardamangia Dorgi Children's Party at the Palace The Queen's Birthday Party The Queen's Commonwealth Canopy Jeannette Charles Rosa 'Queen Elizabeth' Queen Elizabeth cake ← George VI Charles III →

Authority control databases International VIAF GND National Czech Republic Other IdRef Yale LUX

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Queen Elizabeth Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Islands) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Islands?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.