# Qazax
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{{other uses|Kazakh (disambiguation)}}
{{Coord|41|05|36|N|45|21|58|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gazakh
| settlement_type = City & Municipality
| native_name =
| image_skyline = QazaxPark FN.jpg
| image_shield =
| pushpin_map = Azerbaijan
| pushpin_mapsize = 300
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [Azerbaijan](/source/Azerbaijan)
| subdivision_type1 = [District](/source/Administrative_divisions_of_Azerbaijan)
| subdivision_name1 = [Gazakh](/source/Qazax_District)
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1909
| area_total_km2 = 10
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = [2014](/source/Census_in_Azerbaijan)
| population_total = 35,102
| population_footnotes = [{{Cite web|url=http://www.azstat.org/statinfo/demoqraphic/az/011.shtml#s10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114161101/http://www.azstat.org/statinfo/demoqraphic/az/011.shtml#s10|url-status=dead|title=The state statistical committee of the Azerbaijan Republic|archivedate=November 14, 2010}}]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [AZT](/source/Azerbaijan_Time)
| utc_offset = +4
| coordinates = {{coord|41|05|36|N|45|21|58|E|region:AZ|display=inline}}
| elevation_m = 381
| area_code = +994 2229
| website =
| official_name = {{langx|az|Qazax}}
}}
'''Qazax''' ({{Transliteration|az|Gazakh}}; {{small|{{Audio|Az-Gazakh.ogg|(listen)|help=no}}}}) is a city in and the capital of the [Gazakh District](/source/Qazax_District) of [Azerbaijan](/source/Azerbaijan). It has a population of 20,900.[{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/ap/en/2_6.xls |title=Archived copy |website=www.stat.gov.az |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025042629/http://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/ap/en/2_6.xls |archive-date=25 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}] Gazakh is a city and administrative district in the west of Azerbaijan, the "western gate" of Azerbaijan.[{{Cite web |title=Tarixi {{!}} Azərbaycan Respublikası Qazax Rayon İcra Hakimiyyəti |url=http://qazax-ih.gov.az/az/tarixi.html |access-date=2022-07-30 |website=qazax-ih.gov.az}}]
== History ==
=== Early history ===
In the 17–18th century, Gazakh was the capital of the [Kazakh Sultanate](/source/Kazakh_sultanate). During the [Russian Empire](/source/Russian_Empire), the city was the administrative center of the [Kazakh uezd](/source/Kazakh_uezd) of the [Elizavetpol Governorate](/source/Elizavetpol_Governorate). It is situated 10 km from the [Aghstafa](/source/Agstafa) station of the [Transcaucasus Railway](/source/Transcaucasus_Railway).
=== Conflicts and disputes with Armenia ===
From 1905 to 1906, during the [Armenian–Tatar massacres](/source/Armenian%E2%80%93Tatar_massacres_of_1905%E2%80%9307), many Armenian homes were burned and looted by Tatars (later known as [Azerbaijanis](/source/Azerbaijanis)), as well as the Armenian school and church. Many [Armenian](/source/Armenians) inhabitants as a result fled to [Tbilisi](/source/Tbilisi) and other nearby Armenian-populated areas.[Ա-Դօ (A-Do), Հայ-թուրքական ընդհարումները Կովկասում (1905–1906 թ.) (Armenian-Turkish conflicts in the Caucasus of 1905–1906), Yerevan, 1907, p. 360]{{better source needed|date=October 2022}}
From an Armenian perspective, these territories were historical Armenian provinces—which had been, factually, incorporated in various [Armenian states](/source/History_of_Armenia)—and therefore, the Gazakh region was initially contested between the [Armenian](/source/Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic) and [Azerbaijani](/source/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic) SSRs.[Dr. Andrew Andersen, PhD [http://www.conflicts.rem33.com/images/Armenia/disp.htm Atlas of Conflicts: Armenia: Nation Building and Territorial Disputes: 1918–1920]] The [Armenian](/source/Armenian_language) name for the city is '''Ghazakh''' ({{Langx|hy|Ղազախ|translit=Ġazax}}),[{{Cite book|last=Karapetyan|first=Samvel|title=Northern Artsakh|date=2007|publisher=HH GAA "Gitutʻyun publishing-house of the NAS RA|isbn=978-5-8080-0677-5|location=Yerevan|pages=435–454|oclc=506641072}}] and it is based on the [Azerbaijani](/source/Azerbaijani_language) name itself. Another Armenian name is Koght (Կողթ).[{{cite web |title=Նամակ դոկտոր Ֆարիդ Ալեքփերլիին (եթե ճաղերի հետևում չէ, կամ չեն վերացրել) |url=https://www.aztagdaily.com/archives/388703|website=aztagdaily.com|publisher=|access-date=|language=hy |date=2018}}]
When the South Caucasus came under British occupation, Sir [John Oliver Wardrop](/source/Oliver_Wardrop), British Chief Commissioner in the South Caucasus, decided that assigning the [Erivan Governorate](/source/Erivan_Governorate) and the [Kars Oblast](/source/Kars_oblast) to [Democratic Republic of Armenia](/source/First_Republic_of_Armenia) (DRA) and the [Elizavetpol](/source/Elizavetpol_Governorate) and [Baku](/source/Baku_Governorate) Governorates to the [Azerbaijan Democratic Republic](/source/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic) (ADR) would solve the region's outstanding disputes. However, this proposal was rejected by both [Armenians](/source/Armenians) (who did not wish to give up their claims to Gazakh, [Syunik](/source/Syunik_Province), and [Nagorno-Karabakh](/source/Nagorno-Karabakh)) and [Azerbaijanis](/source/Azerbaijanis) (who did not wish to give up their claims to [Nakhchivan](/source/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic)). As conflict broke out between the two groups, the British left the region in mid-1919.[{{cite news | title=Армения - Азербайджан: Это уже просто война|publisher=Журнал «Власть» | url=http://www.kommersant.ru/doc-rss.aspx?DocsID=266481| date=20 August 1990| language=ru}}][{{cite web |url=http://www.qazax-ih.gov.az/page/43.html |title=Ermənistan-Azərbaycan, Dağlıq Qarabağ münaqişəsi nəticəsində Qazax rayonunda hərbi təcavüzün nəticələri barədə MƏLUMAT |date=3 December 2020 |website=www.qazax-ih.gov.az |publisher=KAZAKH DISTRICT EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN |access-date=3 December 2020 |quote=Xocalı soyqırımında olduğu kimi Qazax rayonunun Bağanıs Ayrım kəndində Dədəş Əsliyevin 4 nəfərdən ibarət ailə üzvü və 3 nəfər kənd sakini ermənilər tərəfindən diri-diri yandırılmışdır.}}]
In July 2020, Gazakh became a site for [clashes with Armenia](/source/2020_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes).[{{cite news |last1=Harutyunyan |first1=Sargis |last2=Danielyan |first2=Emil |title=Armenia-Azerbaijan Border 'Calm' After Deadly Clashes |url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30728827.html |work=azatutyun.am |agency=[RFE/RL](/source/RFE%2FRL) |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200805101306/https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30728827.html |archivedate=5 August 2020 |quote=...the border between Armenia’s northern Tavush province and the Tovuz district in Azerbaijan, the scene of the clashes. |access-date=5 August 2020 |url-status=live }}]
== Demographics ==
According to the 1897 Russian Empire census, Gazakh had a population of 1,769—the linguistic composition was as follows: 802 (45.3%) [Armenian](/source/Armenian_language), 601 (34.0%) Tatar (later known as [Azerbaijani](/source/Azerbaijani_language)), 251 [Russian](/source/Russian_language), [Ukrainian](/source/Ukrainian_language), and [Belarusian](/source/Belarusian_language), 60 (3.4%) [Georgian](/source/Georgian_language), 19 (1.1%) [Greek](/source/Greek_language), 11 (0.6%) [Polish](/source/Polish_language), and 23 (1.3%) other language speakers.'''[{{Cite book |url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/436598 |title=Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи 1897 г.. Елисаветпольская губерния |via=www.prlib.ru}}][{{Cite web |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=391 |website=www.demoscope.ru}}]'''
According to the ''Caucasian Calendar'', the population of the city in 1907 was 732 people, primarily Armenians with Tatars (later known as [Azerbaijanis](/source/Azerbaijanis)) as a minority, and by 1910, the population was 1,050 people.[{{Cite book |url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/417317 |title=Кавказский календарь на 1912 год |publisher=Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom |year=1912 |edition=67th |publication-place=Tiflis |pages=160 |language=Russian |trans-title=Caucasian calendar for 1912 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211164139/https://www.prlib.ru/item/417317 |archive-date=11 December 2021}}] According to the 1912 publication, the city had an [Armenian](/source/Armenians) plurality.'''[{{Cite web|url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr_26_b.php?reg=69|title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей.|website=www.demoscope.ru}}]'''
In 1970, the city was home to about 13,000 people,[''Казах'' — статья из [Большой советской энциклопедии](/source/%3Aru%3A%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F)] in 1991, that number was about 19,300 people.[{{Cite web|url=http://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/ap/en/2_6.xls|title=Данные Государственного статистического комитета Азербайджанской Республики на 2013 год|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025042629/http://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/ap/en/2_6.xls |archive-date=2013-10-25 }}]
The main occupations of the population are carpet making[{{Cite web|url=http://irs-az.com/new/pdf/201503/1426337641952298697.pdf|title=Ковроткачество в Азербайджане|author=|website=|date=|publisher=}}] and horse breeding (specifically the [Deliboz](/source/Deliboz) breed).[{{Cite web|url=https://geogoroda.ru/gorod/gazah-azerbaydzhan|title=Город Газах (Азербайджан)|author=|website=|date=2016-06-12|publisher=geogoroda.ru|language=ru|accessdate=2018-09-30|archive-date=2020-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929133649/https://geogoroda.ru/gorod/gazah-azerbaydzhan|url-status=dead}}]
The total population of the district is 98932 people as of 01.01.2021[{{Cite web |title=Əhalisi {{!}} Azərbaycan Respublikası Qazax Rayon İcra Hakimiyyəti |url=http://qazax-ih.gov.az/az/ehalisi.html |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=qazax-ih.gov.az}}]
== Economy ==
{{Expand section|date=November 2014}}
The economy of Gazakh is partially agricultural, partially tourism-based, with some industries in operation.
thumb|Gazakh Cement Plant
The Gazakh Cement Plant is served by a railway branch off the [BTK railway](/source/Baku%E2%80%93Tbilisi%E2%80%93Kars_railway) at [Aghstafa](/source/Agstafa).
== Location ==
Gazakh region is located in the west of Azerbaijan. It borders with Georgia for 9 km and with Armenia for 168 km.
Gazakh region is located in the western part of the republic, in the western part of the vast Ganja-Gazakh plain, which starts from the slopes of the mountain range of the Lesser Caucasus and extends along the right bank of the Kura river. The highest elevation is "Odun" mountain (1316 meters). Its nature is mainly plain, the southern part is low mountainous.[{{Cite web |title=Coğrafi mövqeyi {{!}} Azərbaycan Respublikası Qazax Rayon İcra Hakimiyyəti |url=http://qazax-ih.gov.az/az/cografi-movqeyi.html |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=qazax-ih.gov.az}}]
== Culture ==
{{Expand section|date=November 2014|small=no}}
A [memorial museum](/source/Memorial_Museum_of_Molla_Panah_Vagif_and_Molla_Vali_Vidadi) dedicated to [Molla Panah Vagif](/source/Molla_Panah_Vagif) and [Molla Vali Vidadi](/source/Molla_Vali_Vidadi) is located in the city.
=== Sports ===
The city has one professional [football](/source/association_football) team, [Goyazan Gazakh](/source/G%C3%B6yazan_Qazakh_FK), currently competing in the second-flight of [Azerbaijan](/source/Azerbaijan)i football, the [Azerbaijan First Division](/source/Azerbaijan_First_Division).
== Transport ==
June 15, 2025 Azerbaijan – Baku-Agstafa route of [Azerbaijan Railways](/source/Azerbaijan_Railways) extends to Qazax.
=== Public transport ===
Gazakh has a large urban transport system, mostly managed by the [Ministry of Transportation](/source/Ministry_of_Transportation_(Azerbaijan)).
== Notable natives ==
{{Further|:Category:People from Qazax}}
Some of the city's many prestigious residents include: poets [Samad Vurgun](/source/Samad_Vurgun), [Molla Panah Vagif](/source/Molla_Panah_Vagif), [Mirvarid Dilbazi](/source/Mirvarid_Dilbazi) and [Nusrat Kasamanli](/source/Nusrat_Kasamanli), scholar [Molla Vali Vidadi](/source/Molla_Vali_Vidadi), [lieutenant-general](/source/lieutenant-general) of the [Russia](/source/Russia)n [imperial](/source/Russian_Empire) [army](/source/army) [Ali-Agha Shikhlinski](/source/Ali-Agha_Shikhlinski), writer [Ismayil Shykhly](/source/Ismayil_Shykhly) and wrestler [Hasan Aliyev](/source/Hasan_Aliyev_(wrestler)).
File:Shikhlinski.jpg|[Ali-Agha Shikhlinski](/source/Ali-Agha_Shikhlinski), was [lieutenant-general](/source/lieutenant-general) of the [Russia](/source/Russia)n [imperial](/source/Russian_Empire) [army](/source/army).
File:Mirvarid.jpg|[Mirvarid Dilbazi](/source/Mirvarid_Dilbazi), poet.
File:Fərrux ağa Qayıbov-2.jpg|[Farrukh Gayibov](/source/Farrukh_Gayibov), considered to be the first Azerbaijani pilot.
File:Samad agha Aghamalioghlu.jpg|[Samad aga Agamalioglu](/source/Samad_aga_Agamalioglu), was a statesman and socialist revolutionary.[{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yjIZ6ymyNO8C |title=Brian C. Collins, Historical dictionary of Azerbaijan, USA, Scarecrow Press, 1999 |isbn=9780810835504 |access-date=2016-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406113843/https://books.google.com/books?id=yjIZ6ymyNO8C |archive-date=2017-04-06 |url-status=live |last1=Swietochowski |first1=Tadeusz |last2=Collins |first2=Brian C. |year=1999 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC }}]
==Sister cities==
* {{flagicon|Turkey}} [Bolu](/source/Bolu), [Turkey](/source/Turkey)
* {{flagicon|Lithuania}} [Trakai](/source/Trakai), [Lithuania](/source/Lithuania)
* {{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [Taraz](/source/Taraz), [Kazakhstan](/source/Kazakhstan)
== Gallery ==
File:Qazax cümə məscidinin minarəsi.jpg|Gazakh mosque
File:Fərrux ağa Qayıbov abidəsi (Qazax).jpg|Monument for memory of [Farrukh Gayibov](/source/Farrukh_Gayibov)
File:Nature and Rainbow.jpg|Nature and Rainbow.
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{GEOnet2|32FA8814FDEB3774E0440003BA962ED3}}
{{Qazakh Rayon}}
{{Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Populated places in Qazax District
Category:Elizavetpol Governorate
Category:1909 establishments in Azerbaijan
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Qazax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazax) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazax?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.