# Pyxis

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Constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere

For other uses, see [Pyxis (disambiguation)](/source/Pyxis_(disambiguation)).

Pyxis Constellation List of stars in Pyxis Abbreviation Pyx Genitive Pyxidis Pronunciation /ˈpɪksɪs/, genitive /ˈpɪksɪdɪs/ Symbolism The compass box Right ascension 9h Declination −30° Quadrant SQ2 Area 221 sq. deg. (65th) Main stars 3 Bayer/Flamsteed stars 10 Stars brighter than 3.00m 0 Stars within 10.00 pc (32.62 ly) 1 Brightest star α Pyx (3.68m) Nearest star Gliese 318[1]: 84 Messier objects 0 Bordering constellations Hydra Puppis Vela Antlia Visible at latitudes between +50° and −90°. Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the month of March.

**Pyxis**[a] is a small and faint [constellation](/source/Constellation) in the southern sky. Abbreviated from **Pyxis Nautica**, its name is [Latin](/source/Latin) for a [mariner's compass](/source/Mariner's_compass) (contrasting with [Circinus](/source/Circinus), which represents a [draftsman's compasses](/source/Draftsman's_compasses)). Pyxis was introduced by [Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille](/source/Nicolas-Louis_de_Lacaille) in the 18th century, and is counted among the [88 modern constellations](/source/88_modern_constellations).

The [plane](/source/Galactic_plane) of the [Milky Way](/source/Milky_Way) passes through Pyxis. A faint constellation, its three brightest stars—[Alpha](/source/Alpha_Pyxidis), [Beta](/source/Beta_Pyxidis) and [Gamma Pyxidis](/source/Gamma_Pyxidis)—are in a rough line. At magnitude 3.68, Alpha is the constellation's brightest star. It is a blue-white star approximately 880 [light-years](/source/Light-year) (270 [parsecs](/source/Parsec)) distant and around 22,000 times as [luminous](/source/Luminosity) as the Sun.

Pyxis is located close to the stars that formed the old constellation [Argo Navis](/source/Argo_Navis), the ship of [Jason](/source/Jason) and the [Argonauts](/source/Argonauts). Parts of Argo Navis were the Carina (the keel or hull), the Puppis (the stern), and the Vela (the sails). These eventually became their own constellations. In the 19th century, [John Herschel](/source/John_Herschel) suggested renaming Pyxis to Malus (meaning the [mast](/source/Mast_(sailing))) but the suggestion was not followed.

[T Pyxidis](/source/T_Pyxidis), located about 4 degrees northeast of Alpha Pyxidis, is a [recurrent nova](/source/Recurrent_nova) that has flared up to [magnitude](/source/Apparent_magnitude) 7 every few decades. Also, three star systems in Pyxis have confirmed [exoplanets](/source/Exoplanet). The [Pyxis globular cluster](/source/Pyxis_globular_cluster) is situated about 130,000 light-years away in the [galactic halo](/source/Galactic_halo). This region was not thought to contain [globular clusters](/source/Globular_cluster). The possibility has been raised that this object might have escaped from the [Large Magellanic Cloud](/source/Large_Magellanic_Cloud).[4]

## History

Pyxis is positioned just south of the star [Alphard](/source/Alphard) in the constellation [Hydra](/source/Hydra_(constellation)) midway between [Virgo](/source/Virgo_(constellation)) and [Cancer](/source/Cancer_(constellation)). Although it is completely visible from latitudes south of [53 degrees north](/source/53rd_parallel_north), its best evening-sky visibility is during February and March in the southern hemisphere.

In ancient [Chinese astronomy](/source/Chinese_astronomy), Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Pyxidis formed part of *Tianmiao*, a celestial temple honouring the ancestors of the emperor, along with stars from neighbouring [Antlia](/source/Antlia).[5]

The French astronomer [Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille](/source/Nicolas-Louis_de_Lacaille) first described the [constellation](/source/Constellation) in French as *la Boussole* (the Marine Compass) in 1752,[6][7] after he had observed and catalogued almost 10,000 southern stars during a two-year stay at the [Cape of Good Hope](/source/Cape_of_Good_Hope). He devised fourteen new constellations in uncharted regions of the [Southern Celestial Hemisphere](/source/Southern_Celestial_Hemisphere) not visible from Europe. All but one honoured instruments that symbolised the [Age of Enlightenment](/source/Age_of_Enlightenment).[b] Lacaille Latinised the name to *Pixis* [sic] *Nautica* on his 1763 chart.[8] The Ancient Greeks identified the four main stars of Pyxis as the mast of the mythological [Jason](/source/Jason)'s ship, *[Argo Navis](/source/Argo_Navis)*.[9]

German astronomer [Johann Bode](/source/Johann_Elert_Bode) defined the constellation Lochium Funis, the Log and Line—a nautical device once used for measuring speed and distance travelled at sea—around Pyxis in his 1801 star atlas, but the depiction did not survive.[10] In 1844 [John Herschel](/source/John_Herschel) attempted to resurrect the classical configuration of Argo Navis by renaming it Malus the Mast, a suggestion followed by [Francis Baily](/source/Francis_Baily), but [Benjamin Gould](/source/Benjamin_Apthorp_Gould) restored Lacaille's nomenclature.[8] For instance, [Alpha Pyxidis](/source/Alpha_Pyxidis) is referenced as α Mali in an old catalog of the [United States Naval Observatory](/source/United_States_Naval_Observatory) (star 3766, page 97).[11]

## Characteristics

The constellation of Pyxis, the compass, as it can be seen by the naked eye

Covering 220.8 square degrees and hence 0.535% of the sky, Pyxis ranks 65th of the [88 modern constellations](/source/88_modern_constellations) by area.[12] Its position in the [Southern Celestial Hemisphere](/source/Southern_Celestial_Hemisphere) means that the whole constellation is visible to observers south of [52°N](/source/52nd_parallel_north).[12][c] It is most visible in the evening sky in February and March.[13] A small constellation, it is bordered by [Hydra](/source/Hydra_(constellation)) to the north, [Puppis](/source/Puppis) to the west, [Vela](/source/Vela_(constellation)) to the south, and Antlia to the east. The three-letter abbreviation for the constellation, as adopted by the [International Astronomical Union](/source/International_Astronomical_Union) in 1922, is "Pyx".[14] The official constellation boundaries, as set by Belgian astronomer [Eugène Delporte](/source/Eug%C3%A8ne_Joseph_Delporte) in 1930, are defined by a [polygon](/source/Polygon) of eight sides (*illustrated in infobox*). In the [equatorial coordinate system](/source/Equatorial_coordinate_system), the [right ascension](/source/Right_ascension) coordinates of these borders lie between 8h 27.7m and 9h 27.6m , while the [declination](/source/Declination) coordinates are between −17.41° and −37.29°.[15]

## Features

### Stars

See also: [List of stars in Pyxis](/source/List_of_stars_in_Pyxis)

Pyxis can be seen overlying the mast of [Argo Navis](/source/Argo_Navis)

Lacaille gave [Bayer designations](/source/Bayer_designation) to ten stars now named Alpha to Lambda Pyxidis, skipping the Greek letters iota and kappa. Although a nautical element, the constellation was not an integral part of the old Argo Navis and hence did not share in the original Bayer designations of that constellation, which were split between Carina, Vela and Puppis.[8] Pyxis is a faint constellation, its three brightest stars—[Alpha](/source/Alpha_Pyxidis), [Beta](/source/Beta_Pyxidis) and [Gamma Pyxidis](/source/Gamma_Pyxidis)—forming a rough line.[16] Overall, there are 41 stars within the constellation's borders with [apparent magnitudes](/source/Apparent_magnitude) brighter than or equal to 6.5.[d][12]

With an apparent magnitude of 3.68, Alpha Pyxidis is the brightest star in the constellation.[18] Located 880 ± 30 [light-years](/source/Light-year) distant from Earth,[19] it is a blue-white [giant star](/source/Giant_star) of spectral type B1.5III that is around 22,000 times as [luminous](/source/Luminosity) as the [Sun](/source/Sun) and has 9.4 ± 0.7 times its diameter. It began life with a mass 12.1 ± 0.6 times that of the Sun, almost 15 million years ago.[20] Its light is dimmed by 30% due to [interstellar dust](/source/Cosmic_dust), so would have a brighter magnitude of 3.31 if not for this.[18] The second brightest star at magnitude 3.97 is Beta Pyxidis, a yellow [bright giant](/source/Bright_giant) or [supergiant](/source/Supergiant) of spectral type G7Ib-II that is around 435 times as luminous as the Sun,[21] lying 420 ± 10 light-years distant away from Earth.[19] It has a companion star of magnitude 12.5 separated by 9 [arcseconds](/source/Minute_of_arc).[22] Gamma Pyxidis is a star of magnitude 4.02 that lies 207 ± 2 light-years distant.[19] It is an orange giant of spectral type K3III that has cooled and swollen to 3.7 times the diameter of the Sun after exhausting its core hydrogen.[23]

[Kappa Pyxidis](/source/Kappa_Pyxidis) was catalogued but not given a Bayer designation by Lacaille, but Gould felt the star was bright enough to warrant a letter.[8] Kappa has a magnitude of 4.62 and is 560 ± 50 light-years distant.[19] An orange giant of spectral type K4/K5III,[24] Kappa has a luminosity approximately 965 times that of the Sun.[21] It is separated by 2.1 arcseconds from a magnitude 10 star.[25] [Theta Pyxidis](/source/Theta_Pyxidis) is a [red giant](/source/Red_giant) of spectral type M1III and semi-regular variable with two measured periods of 13 and 98.3 days, and an average magnitude of 4.71,[26] and is 500 ± 30 light-years distant from Earth.[19] It has expanded to approximately 54 times the diameter of the Sun.[23]

[Hubble Space Telescope](/source/Hubble_Space_Telescope) picture of [T Pyxidis](/source/T_Pyxidis), showing ejected material from past eruptions

Located around 4 degrees northeast of Alpha is [T Pyxidis](/source/T_Pyxidis),[27] a binary star system composed of a [white dwarf](/source/White_dwarf) with around 0.8 times the Sun's mass and a [red dwarf](/source/Red_dwarf) that orbit each other every 1.8 hours. This system is located around 15,500 light-years away from Earth.[28] A [recurrent nova](/source/Nova#Recurrent_novae), it has brightened to the 7th magnitude in the years 1890, 1902, 1920, 1944, 1966 and 2011 from a baseline of around 14th magnitude. These outbursts are thought to be due to the white dwarf accreting material from its companion and ejecting periodically.[29]

[TY Pyxidis](/source/TY_Pyxidis) is an [eclipsing binary star](/source/Binary_star#Eclipsing_binaries) whose apparent magnitude ranges from 6.85 to 7.5 over 3.2 days.[30] The two components are both of spectral type G5IV with a diameter 2.2 times,[31] and mass 1.2 times that of the Sun, and revolve around each other every 3.2 days.[32] The system is classified as a [RS Canum Venaticorum variable](/source/RS_Canum_Venaticorum_variable), a binary system with prominent [starspot](/source/Starspot) activity,[30] and lies 184 ± 5 light-years away.[19] The system emits X-rays, and analysing the emission curve over time led researchers to conclude that there was a loop of material arcing between the two stars.[33] [RZ Pyxidis](/source/RZ_Pyxidis) is another eclipsing binary system, made up of two young stars less than 200,000 years old. Both are hot blue-white stars of spectral type B7V and are around 2.5 times the size of the Sun. One is around five times as luminous as the Sun and the other around four times as luminous.[34] The system is classified as a [Beta Lyrae variable](/source/Beta_Lyrae_variable), the apparent magnitude varying from 8.83 to 9.72 over 0.66 days.[35] [XX Pyxidis](/source/XX_Pyxidis) is one of the more-studied members of a class of stars known as [Delta Scuti variables](/source/Delta_Scuti_variable)[36]—short period (six hours at most) pulsating stars that have been used as [standard candles](/source/Cosmic_distance_ladder#Standard_candles) and as subjects to study [astroseismology](/source/Astroseismology).[37] Astronomers made more sense of its pulsations when it became clear that it is also a binary star system. The main star is a white main sequence star of spectral type A4V that is around 1.85 ± 0.05 times as massive as the Sun. Its companion is most likely a red dwarf of spectral type M3V, around 0.3 times as massive as the Sun. The two are very close—possibly only 3 times the diameter of the Sun between them—and orbit each other every 1.15 days. The brighter star is deformed into an egg shape.[36]

[AK Pyxidis](/source/AK_Pyxidis) is a red giant of spectral type M5III and semi-regular variable that varies between magnitudes 6.09 and 6.51.[38] Its pulsations take place over multiple periods simultaneously of 55.5, 57.9, 86.7, 162.9 and 232.6 days.[26] [UZ Pyxidis](/source/UZ_Pyxidis) is another semi-regular variable red giant, this time a [carbon star](/source/Carbon_star), that is around 3560 times as luminous as the Sun with a surface temperature of 3482 K, located 2116 light-years away from Earth.[21] It varies between magnitudes 6.99 and 7.83 over 159 days.[39] [VY Pyxidis](/source/VY_Pyxidis) is a [BL Herculis variable](/source/BL_Herculis_variable) ([type II Cepheid](/source/Type_II_Cepheid)), ranging between [apparent magnitudes](/source/Apparent_magnitude) 7.13 and 7.40 over a period of 1.24 days.[40] Located around 650 light-years distant, it shines with a [luminosity](/source/Luminosity) approximately 45 times that of the Sun.[21]

The closest star to Earth in the constellation is [Gliese 318](/source/Gliese_318), a white dwarf of spectral class DA5 and magnitude 11.85.[41] Its distance has been calculated to be 26 light-years,[42] or 28.7 ± 0.5 light-years distant from Earth. It has around 45% of the Sun's mass, yet only 0.15% of its luminosity.[43] [WISEPC J083641.12-185947.2](/source/WISEPC_J083641.12-185947.2) is a [brown dwarf](/source/Brown_dwarf) of [spectral type T8p](/source/Brown_dwarf#Spectral_class_T) located around 72 light-years from Earth. Discovered by infrared astronomy in 2011, it has a magnitude of 18.79.[44]

### Planetary systems

Pyxis is home to three stars with confirmed planetary systems—all discovered by [Doppler spectroscopy](/source/Doppler_spectroscopy). A [hot Jupiter](/source/Hot_Jupiter), [HD 73256 b](/source/HD_73256_b), that orbits [HD 73256](/source/HD_73256) every 2.55 days, was discovered using the [CORALIE spectrograph](/source/CORALIE_spectrograph) in 2003. The host star is a yellow star of spectral type G9V that has 69% of our Sun's luminosity, 89% of its diameter and 105% of its mass. Around 119 light-years away, it shines with an apparent magnitude of 8.08 and is around a billion years old.[45] [HD 73267 b](/source/HD_73267_b) was discovered with the [High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher](/source/High_Accuracy_Radial_Velocity_Planet_Searcher) (HARPS) in 2008. It orbits [HD 73267](/source/HD_73267) every 1260 days, a 7 billion-year-old star of spectral type G5V that is around 89% as massive as the Sun.[46] A [red dwarf](/source/Red_dwarf) of spectral type M2.5V that has around 42% the Sun's mass, [Gliese 317](/source/Gliese_317) is orbited by two gas giant planets. Around 50 light-years distant from Earth, it is a good candidate for future searches for more terrestrial rocky planets.[47]

### Deep-sky objects

The planetary nebula NGC 2818, imaged by the Hubble telescope

Pyxis lies in the [plane](/source/Galactic_plane) of the [Milky Way](/source/Milky_Way), although part of the eastern edge is dark, with material obscuring our galaxy arm there. [NGC 2818](/source/NGC_2818) is a [planetary nebula](/source/Planetary_nebula) that lies within a dim [open cluster](/source/Open_cluster) of magnitude 8.2.[48] [NGC 2818A](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NGC_2818A&action=edit&redlink=1) is an [open cluster](/source/Open_cluster) that lies on line of sight with it.[49] [K 1-2](/source/K_1-2) is a planetary nebula whose central star is a [spectroscopic binary](/source/Spectroscopic_binary) composed of two stars in close orbit with [jets](/source/Astrophysical_jet) emanating from the system. The surface temperature of one component has been estimated at as high as 85,000 K.[50] [NGC 2627](/source/NGC_2627) is an [open cluster](/source/Open_cluster) of magnitude 8.4 that is visible in binoculars.[49]

Discovered in 1995,[4] the [Pyxis globular cluster](/source/Pyxis_globular_cluster) is a 13.3 ± 1.3 billion year-old [globular cluster](/source/Globular_cluster) situated around 130,000 light-years distant from Earth and around 133,000 light-years distant from the centre of the Milky Way—a region not previously thought to contain globular clusters.[51] Located in the [galactic halo](/source/Galactic_halo), it was noted to lie on the same plane as the [Large Magellanic Cloud](/source/Large_Magellanic_Cloud) and the possibility has been raised that it might be an escaped object from that galaxy.[4]

[NGC 2613](/source/NGC_2613) is a spiral galaxy of magnitude 10.5 which appears spindle-shaped as it is almost edge-on to observers on Earth.[52] [Henize 2-10](/source/Henize_2-10) is a dwarf galaxy which lies 30 million light-years away. It has a black hole of around a million solar masses at its centre. Known as a [starburst galaxy](/source/Starburst_galaxy) due to very high rates of star formation, it has a bluish colour due to the huge numbers of young stars within it.[53]

## See also

- [Pyxis (Chinese astronomy)](/source/Pyxis_(Chinese_astronomy))

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Pronounced [/ˈpɪksɪs/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English); [Greek](/source/Greek_language) and [Latin](/source/Latin) for [box](/source/Box).[2][3]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** The exception is [Mensa](/source/Mensa_(constellation)), named for the [Table Mountain](/source/Table_Mountain). The other thirteen (alongside Pyxis) are [Antlia](/source/Antlia), [Caelum](/source/Caelum), [Circinus](/source/Circinus), [Fornax](/source/Fornax), [Horologium](/source/Horologium_(constellation)), [Microscopium](/source/Microscopium), [Norma](/source/Norma_(constellation)), [Octans](/source/Octans), [Pictor](/source/Pictor), [Reticulum](/source/Reticulum), [Sculptor](/source/Sculptor_(constellation)), and [Telescopium](/source/Telescopium).[8]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** While parts of the constellation technically rise above the horizon to observers between the latitudes of 52°N and [72°N](/source/72nd_parallel_north), stars within a few degrees of the horizon are to all intents and purposes unobservable.[12]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** Objects of magnitude 6.5 are among the faintest visible to the unaided eye in suburban-rural transition night skies.[17]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Kirkpatrick2024_1-0)** Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Marocco, Federico; et al. (April 2024). ["The Initial Mass Function Based on the Full-sky 20 pc Census of ~3600 Stars and Brown Dwarfs"](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4365%2Fad24e2). *[The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series](/source/The_Astrophysical_Journal_Supplement_Series)*. **271** (2): 55. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2312.03639](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.03639). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2024ApJS..271...55K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024ApJS..271...55K). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3847/1538-4365/ad24e2](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4365%2Fad24e2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [pyxis](http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=pyxis). Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. *[A Latin Dictionary](/source/A_Latin_Dictionary)* on [Perseus Project](/source/Perseus_Project).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [πυξίς](https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=puci/s). [Liddell, Henry George](/source/Henry_Liddell); [Scott, Robert](/source/Robert_Scott_(philologist)); *[A Greek–English Lexicon](/source/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon)* at the [Perseus Project](/source/Perseus_Project).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Irwin_1995_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Irwin_1995_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Irwin_1995_5-2) Irwin, M. J.; Demers, Serge; Kunkel, W. E. (1995). ["The PYXIS Cluster: A Newly Identified Galactic Globular Cluster"](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F513301). *Astrophysical Journal Letters*. **453**: L21. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1995ApJ...453L..21I](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995ApJ...453L..21I). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/513301](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F513301).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-startales_6-0)** [Ridpath, Ian](/source/Ian_Ridpath) (1988). ["Pyxis"](http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/pyxis.html#chinese). *Star Tales*. Self-published. Retrieved 8 October 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ridpathlac_7-0)** [Ridpath, Ian](/source/Ian_Ridpath). ["Lacaille's Southern Planisphere of 1756"](http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/lacaille.html). *Star Tales*. Self-published. Retrieved 1 August 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Lacaille, Nicolas Louis (1756). ["Relation abrégée du Voyage fait par ordre du Roi au cap de Bonne-espérance"](https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k35505/f787). *Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences* (in French): 519–92 [589].

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-wagman_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-wagman_9-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-wagman_9-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-wagman_9-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-wagman_9-4) Wagman, Morton (2003). *Lost Stars: Lost, Missing and Troublesome Stars from the Catalogues of Johannes Bayer, Nicholas Louis de Lacaille, John Flamsteed, and Sundry Others*. Blacksburg, Virginia: The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company. pp. 6–7, 261–62. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-939923-78-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-939923-78-6).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Ridpath, Ian (2006). *Eyewitness Companions: Astronomy*. London, England: DK Publishing (Dorling Kindersley). p. 210. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-7566-4845-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-4845-9).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-startales2_12-0)** [Ridpath, Ian](/source/Ian_Ridpath) (1988). ["Lochium Funis"](http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/lochiumfunis.html). *Star Tales*. Self-published. Retrieved 6 July 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Yarnall, M. (1889). [*Catalogue of Stars observed at the United States Naval Observatory during the years 1845 to 1877, third edition*](https://archive.org/details/cataloguestarsus00unitrich/cataloguestarsus00unitrich/page/96/mode/2up). Washington, USA: Washington Government printing office. p. 97.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-tirionconst_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-tirionconst_14-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-tirionconst_14-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-tirionconst_14-3) [Ridpath, Ian](/source/Ian_Ridpath). ["Constellations: Lacerta–Vulpecula"](http://www.ianridpath.com/constellations2.html). *Star Tales*. self-published. Retrieved 25 June 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-saski_boddy2003_16-0)** Sasaki, Chris; Boddy, Joe (2003). [*Constellations: the stars and stories*](https://books.google.com/books?id=5m_A_AsQVPUC&pg=PA96). Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 96. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4027-0800-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4027-0800-8).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pa30_469_17-0)** [Russell, Henry Norris](/source/Henry_Norris_Russell) (1922). "The New International Symbols for the Constellations". *Popular Astronomy*. **30**: 469. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1922PA.....30..469R](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1922PA.....30..469R).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-boundary_18-0)** ["Pyxis, Constellation Boundary"](https://www.iau.org/public/themes/constellations/#pyx). *The Constellations*. International Astronomical Union. Retrieved 25 June 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-cambridge_19-0)** Moore, Patrick; Tirion, Wil (1997). [*Cambridge Guide to Stars and Planets*](https://archive.org/details/cambridgeguideto00moor). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. [118](https://archive.org/details/cambridgeguideto00moor/page/118). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-521-58582-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-58582-8).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** Bortle, John E. (February 2001). ["The Bortle Dark-Sky Scale"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140331202746/http://www.skyandtelescope.com/resources/darksky/3304011.html?page=1&c=y). *[Sky & Telescope](/source/Sky_%26_Telescope)*. Sky Publishing Corporation. Archived from [the original](http://www.skyandtelescope.com/resources/darksky/3304011.html?page=1&c=y) on 31 March 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2015.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-kaleralpha_22-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-kaleralpha_22-1) Kaler, Jim. ["Alpha Pyxidis"](http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/alphapyx.html). *Stars*. University of Illinois. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-van_Leeuwen2007_23-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-van_Leeuwen2007_23-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-van_Leeuwen2007_23-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-van_Leeuwen2007_23-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-van_Leeuwen2007_23-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-van_Leeuwen2007_23-5) van Leeuwen, F. (2007). ["Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction"](http://www.aanda.org/index.php?option=com_article&access=bibcode&Itemid=129&bibcode=2007A%2526A...474..653VFUL). *Astronomy and Astrophysics*. **474** (2): 653–64. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[0708.1752](https://arxiv.org/abs/0708.1752). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2007A&A...474..653V](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007A&A...474..653V). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361:20078357](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20078357). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [18759600](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:18759600).

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1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Mcdonald_25-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Mcdonald_25-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Mcdonald_25-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Mcdonald_25-3) McDonald, I.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Boyer, M. L. (2012). ["Fundamental Parameters and Infrared Excesses of Hipparcos Stars"](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2012.21873.x). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **427** (1): 343–57. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1208.2037](https://arxiv.org/abs/1208.2037). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2012MNRAS.427..343M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MNRAS.427..343M). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21873.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2012.21873.x). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [118665352](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:118665352).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** ["Beta Pyxidis"](http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Bet+Pyx&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id). *SIMBAD Astronomical Database*. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 31 July 2015.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-CADARS_27-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-CADARS_27-1) Pasinetti Fracassini, L. E.; Pastori, L.; Covino, S.; Pozzi, A. (2001). "Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) – Third edition – Comments and statistics". *Astronomy & Astrophysics*. **367** (2): 521–24. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[astro-ph/0012289](https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0012289). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2001A&A...367..521P](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001A&A...367..521P). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361:20000451](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20000451). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [425754](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:425754).

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-Chesneau_2011_32-0)** Chesneau, O.; Meilland, A.; Banerjee, D. P. K.; Le Bouquin, J.-B.; McAlister, H.; Millour, F.; Ridgway, S. T.; Spang, A.; ten Brummelaar, T.; Wittkowski, M.; Ashok, N. M.; Benisty, M.; Berger, J.-P.; Boyajian, T.; Farrington, Ch.; Goldfinger, P. J.; Merand, A.; Nardetto, N.; Petrov, R.; Rivinius, Th.; Schaefer, G.; Touhami, Y.; Zins, G. (2011). "The 2011 outburst of the recurrent nova T Pyxidis. Evidence for a face-on bipolar ejection". *Astronomy & Astrophysics*. **534**: 5. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1109.4534](https://arxiv.org/abs/1109.4534). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2011A&A...534L..11C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011A&A...534L..11C). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/201117792](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201117792). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [10318633](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10318633). L11.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-AAVSOT_33-0)** Davis, Kate (19 April 2011). ["T Pyxidis: Enjoy the Silence"](https://www.aavso.org/vsots_tpyx). *Variable Star of the Month*. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 31 July 2015.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-AAVSOTY_34-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-AAVSOTY_34-1) Watson, Christopher (4 January 2010). ["AK Pyxidis"](http://www.aavso.org/vsx/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=27245). *The International Variable Star Index*. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 30 July 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Strassmeier_35-0)** Strassmeier, Klaus G. (2009). ["Starspots"](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00159-009-0020-6). *The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review*. **17** (3): 251–308. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2009A&ARv..17..251S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009A&ARv..17..251S). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s00159-009-0020-6](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00159-009-0020-6).

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-Pres_1995_37-0)** Pres, Pawel; Siarkowski, Marek; Sylwester, Janusz (1995). ["Soft X-ray imaging of the TY Pyx binary system - II. Modelling the interconnecting loop-like structure"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F275.1.43). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **275** (1): 43–55. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1995MNRAS.275...43P](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995MNRAS.275...43P). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/275.1.43](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F275.1.43).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** Bell, S. A.; Malcolm, G. J. (1987). ["RZ Pyxidis – an early-type marginal contact binary"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F227.2.481). *[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society](/source/Monthly_Notices_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society)*. **227** (2): 481–500. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1987MNRAS.227..481B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987MNRAS.227..481B). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/227.2.481](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F227.2.481). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0035-8711](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8711).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-AAVSORZ_39-0)** Watson, Christopher (4 January 2010). ["RZ Pyxidis"](http://www.aavso.org/vsx/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=27199). *The International Variable Star Index*. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 31 July 2015.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Aerts_2002_40-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Aerts_2002_40-1) Aerts, C.; Handler, G.; Arentoft, T.; Vandenbussche, B.; Medupe, R.; Sterken, C. (2002). ["The δ Scuti star XX Pyx is an ellipsoidal variable"](https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-8711.2002.05627.x). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **333** (2): L35–L39. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2002MNRAS.333L..35A](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002MNRAS.333L..35A). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05627.x](https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-8711.2002.05627.x).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-41)** Templeton, Matthew (16 July 2010). ["Delta Scuti and the Delta Scuti Variables"](https://www.aavso.org/vsots_delsct). *Variable Star of the Season*. AAVSO (American Association of Variable Star Observers). Retrieved 5 September 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-AAVSOAK_42-0)** Watson, Christopher (25 August 2009). ["AK Pyxidis"](http://www.aavso.org/vsx/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=27245). *The International Variable Star Index*. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 29 July 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-AAVSOUZ_43-0)** Otero, Sebastian Alberto (15 April 2012). ["AK Pyxidis"](http://www.aavso.org/vsx/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=27245). *The International Variable Star Index*. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 31 July 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-AAVSOVY_44-0)** Wils, Patrick (15 November 2011). ["VY Pyxidis"](http://www.aavso.org/vsx/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=27224). *AAVSO Website*. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 13 July 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Gaia_45-0)** Pancino, E.; Altavilla, G.; Marinoni, S.; Cocozza, G.; Carrasco, J. M.; Bellazzini, M.; Bragaglia, A.; Federici, L.; Rossetti, E.; Cacciari, C.; Balaguer Núñez, L.; Castro, A.; Figueras, F.; Fusi Pecci, F.; Galleti, S.; Gebran, M.; Jordi, C.; Lardo, C.; Masana, E.; Monguió, M.; Montegriffo, P.; Ragaini, S.; Schuster, W.; Trager, S.; Vilardell, F.; Voss, H. (2012). ["The Gaia spectrophotometric standard stars survey – I. Preliminary results"](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2012.21766.x). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **426** (3): 1767–81. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1207.6042](https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6042). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2012MNRAS.426.1767P](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MNRAS.426.1767P). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21766.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2012.21766.x). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [27564967](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27564967).

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-Kirkpatrick2012_48-0)** Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Cushing, Michael C.; Mace, Gregory N.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; McLean, Ian S.; Mainzer, Amanda K.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Tinney, C. G.; Parker, Stephen; Salter, Graeme (2012). "Further Defining Spectral Type "Y" and Exploring the Low-mass End of the Field Brown Dwarf Mass Function". *[The Astrophysical Journal](/source/The_Astrophysical_Journal)*. **753** (2): 156. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1205.2122](https://arxiv.org/abs/1205.2122). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2012ApJ...753..156K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...753..156K). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/156](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F753%2F2%2F156). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [119279752](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119279752).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Udry2003_49-0)** Udry, S.; Mayor, M.; Clausen, J. V.; Freyhammer, L. M.; Helt, B. E.; Lovis, C.; Naef, D.; Olsen, E. H.; Pepe, F. (2003). "The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets X. A Hot Jupiter orbiting HD 73256". *Astronomy and Astrophysics*. **407** (2): 679–84. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[astro-ph/0304248](https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0304248). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2003A&A...407..679U](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003A&A...407..679U). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361:20030815](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20030815). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [118889984](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:118889984).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Moutou2009_50-0)** Moutou, C.; Mayor, M.; Lo Curto, G.; Udry, S.; Bouchy, F.; Benz, W.; Lovis, C.; Naef, D.; Pepe, F.; Queloz, D.; Santos, N. C. (2009). ["The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XVII. Six long-period giant planets around BD −17 0063, HD 20868, HD 73267, HD 131664, HD 145377, HD 153950"](https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2009/11/aa10941-08/aa10941-08.html). *Astronomy and Astrophysics*. **496** (2): 513–19. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[0810.4662](https://arxiv.org/abs/0810.4662). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2009A&A...496..513M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009A&A...496..513M). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361:200810941](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A200810941). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [116707055](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:116707055).

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Pyxis](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pyxis).

v t e Constellation of Pyxis List of stars in Pyxis Pyxis in Chinese astronomy Stars Bayer α β γ δ ε ζ η θ κ λ Variable T RZ TY UZ VW VY WX XX AK CS HR 3384 3430 3597 HD 73267 77338 Other Gliese 317 Gliese 318 Exoplanets Gliese 317 b HD 73256 b HD 73267 b Star clusters NGC 2627 Pyxis globular cluster Nebulae K 1-2 NGC 2818 Sh 2-312 RCW 22 Galaxies NGC 2613 2663 Other Hen 2-10 Category

v t e The 88 modern constellations Andromeda Antlia Apus Aquarius Aquila Ara Aries Auriga Boötes Caelum Camelopardalis Cancer Canes Venatici Canis Major Canis Minor Capricornus Carina Cassiopeia Centaurus Cepheus Cetus Chamaeleon Circinus Columba Coma Berenices Corona Australis Corona Borealis Corvus Crater Crux Cygnus Delphinus Dorado Draco Equuleus Eridanus Fornax Gemini Grus Hercules Horologium Hydra Hydrus Indus Lacerta Leo Leo Minor Lepus Libra Lupus Lynx Lyra Mensa Microscopium Monoceros Musca Norma Octans Ophiuchus Orion Pavo Pegasus Perseus Phoenix Pictor Pisces Piscis Austrinus Puppis Pyxis Reticulum Sagitta Sagittarius Scorpius Sculptor Scutum Serpens Sextans Taurus Telescopium Triangulum Triangulum Australe Tucana Ursa Major Ursa Minor Vela Virgo Volans Vulpecula Lists of constellations

v t e Constellation history v t e 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy after 150 AD Andromeda Aquarius Aquila Ara Argo Navis Aries Auriga Boötes Cancer Canis Major Canis Minor Capricornus Cassiopeia Centaurus Cepheus Cetus Corona Australis Corona Borealis Corvus Crater Cygnus Delphinus Draco Equuleus Eridanus Gemini Hercules Hydra Leo Lepus Libra Lupus Lyra Ophiuchus Orion Pegasus Perseus Pisces Piscis Austrinus Sagitta Sagittarius Scorpius Serpens Taurus Triangulum Ursa Major Ursa Minor Virgo Category v t e The 41 additional constellations added in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries Vespucci or Corsalius early 16c: Crux Triangulum Australe Vopel 1536: Coma Berenices Keyser & de Houtman 1596: Apus Chamaeleon Dorado Grus Hydrus Indus Musca Pavo Phoenix Tucana Volans Plancius 1613: Camelopardalis Columba Monoceros Habrecht 1621: Reticulum Hevelius 1683: Canes Venatici Lacerta Leo Minor Lynx Scutum Sextans Vulpecula de Lacaille 1763: Antlia Caelum Carina Circinus Fornax Horologium Mensa Microscopium Norma Octans Pictor Puppis Pyxis Sculptor Telescopium Vela v t e Obsolete constellations (including Ptolemy's Argo Navis) Anguilla Anser Antinous Apes Aranea Argo Navis Asterion Bufo Cancer Minor Cerberus Chara Custos Messium Felis Honores Friderici/Gloria Frederici Gallus Globus Aerostaticus Hippocampus Hirudo Jordanus Leo Palatinus Lilium Limax Lochium Funis Lumbricus Machina Electrica Malus Manis Mons Maenalus Musca Borealis Noctua Norma Nilotica Officina Typographica Patella Phaethon Polophylax Psalterium Georgianum/Harpa Georgii Quadrans Muralis Ramus Pomifer Robur Carolinum Rosa Scarabaeus Sceptrum Brandenburgicum Sceptrum et Manus Iustitiae Solarium Tarandus/Rangifer Taurus Poniatovii Telescopium Herschelii Testudo Tigris Triangulum Minus Turdus Solitarius Vespa obsolete constellation names Apis Phoenicopterus Serpentarius Xiphias Vultur cadens Vultur volans

v t e Constellations introduced by Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille after 1756 Antlia Caelum Circinus Fornax Horologium Mensa Microscopium Norma Octans Pictor Pyxis Reticulum Sculptor Telescopium

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pyxis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyxis) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyxis?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.